Colorado's HIV partner notification program.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to F C Wolf.
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We compared cumulative surveillance data for AIDS (May 1982-December 1986) and persons with positive HIV antibody tests (July 1985-December 1986) to examine the adequacy of each surveillance system in directing public health disease control activities. Neither AIDS nor HIV antibody surveillance data alone described the total extent of HIV infection. The geographic distribution of persons with positive HIV antibody tests was more widespread than the distribution of AIDS cases for all demographic and transmission categories. Ideally, preventive efforts should be based on a comprehensive surveillance system that indicates all persons who are infectious with HIV.
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a routine rescreening (RS) culture several weeks after treatment for gonorrhea, as well as the specific efforts to ensure return visits, we followed 438 consecutive patients, 347 men and 91 women. Return visit compliance rates were 70 per cent for a test-of-cure culture, 27 per cent for a six-week RS, and 15 per cent at 12 weeks. The program detected seven cases of gonorrhea at $796 per case. In our clinic, RS is not a cost-effective way go control gonorrhea.
An attempt was made to reduce the rate of infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae among homosexual men who visit a bathhouse in Denver, Colorado, by the offer of screening cultures during the 24 hr per week of maximal use of the bathhouse. A total of 543 men were screened (646 tests). The rate of infection did not decline significantly (P less than 0.80) from the first month (31 of 272 men; 11.4%) to the third month (19 of 180 men; 10.6%) of the program. Early syphilis was detected in five (0.8%) of 606 men and hepatitis B surface antigen in 13 (3.3%) of 389 men tested. Serologic evidence of prior infection with Treponema pallidum and hepatitis B virus was found in 96 (19.3%) of 498 and 226 (58.1%) of 389 men tested, respectively. It was concluded that patrons of a gay bathhouse have a high risk of contracting gonorrhea, syphilis, and hepatitis B. Although intensive screening is a cost-effective method of detecting cases of gonorrhea, the screening program did not reduce the prevalence of infection.
To evaluate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) partner notification and referral across index case groups, we analysed results of services provided by the Colorado Department of Health during 1988. Services were offered to 231 index cases; 226 (98%) accepted; 124 (65%) with unsafe behaviours identified 239 partners; 79% of partners were notified; 68% accepted counselling. Seropositivity was 21% in newly tested partners. Index cases chose patient referral for 25% of partners and referred 20% of eligible partners; the provider referred 71%. Index case acceptance of service, proportion of index cases with newly identified HIV positive partners, and choice of partner referral method were similar across groups. Gay men identified fewer partners, had a lower proportion of partners accepting new counselling and testing and referred a lower proportion of partners than heterosexual men. The total costs of the service were $19,496. Twelve new cases of HIV were identified through patient and provider referral and cost per case identified was $1625. Partner notification and provider referral should be offered to all HIV infected individuals in Colorado, as few differences across groups emerged and only 20% of located and eligible partners received counselling through patient referral.
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