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F Campodonico

Publications and source records attributed to F Campodonico.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Cystic fibrosis: MR assessment of pancreatic damage.

PURPOSE: To evaluate magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for assessment of pancreatic damage in cystic fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven patients with cystic fibrosis and 12 control subjects underwent T1-weighted imaging for visual assessment for pancreatic hyperintensity and mixed spin-echo-inversion-recovery imaging for quantitative measurement of T1. Pancreatic insufficiency, pulmonary status, and genotype were recorded. Statistical correlation was conducted. RESULTS: Four patterns of pancreatic involvement were noted: diffuse hyperintensity with a lobular pattern, diffuse homogeneous hyperintensity without residual lobular pattern, hyperintensity with focal areas of sparing, and no structural or signal intensity changes. Statistically significant reduction of the T1 was noted in 21 patients compared with that of controls. Statistically significant correlation between T1 shortening and pulmonary clinical-radiologic compromise and pancreatic insufficiency was found. CONCLUSION: MR imaging may offer further indication of pancreatic and, indirectly, pulmonary damage during the clinical course of cystic fibrosis. A pattern of fibrofatty infiltration of the pancreas, of undetermined clinical significance, is reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[AIDS-related neoplasms: a clinico-radiological study].

Although high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and an unusually aggressive form of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) remain the most common malignancies seen in AIDS patients, other tumors such as cervical cancer, Hodgkin's disease and others, have been increasingly observed, probably because these patients now live longer. We report the imaging findings of 80 AIDS patients with pathologically confirmed neoplasms from a series of 340 AIDS patients examined 1986-1994. Twenty-four of 80 patients had NHL, 4 Hodgkin's disease, 31 KS, 4 cervical cancer, 2 leukemia, 2 testicular, 1 larynx, 2 lung, 2 breast, 1 esophagus, 1 stomach, 1 liver, 2 kidney and 3 adrenal carcinomas. Twenty of 24 NHLs exhibited extranodal involvement--to the liver (13/24), brain (9/24), lung (7/24) and gastrointestinal tract (6/24). Visceral KS involved the gastrointestinal tract (6/32), lung (4/32) and liver (2/32). The most accredited pathogenetic theories concerning the role of HIV infection in oncogenesis advocate the effect of multiple growth factors produced by HIV-infected lymphocytes (KS) or the disregulation of B-cells caused by T-cell destruction (NHL). The atypical morphostructural features of AIDS-related tumors are discussed--e.g., atypical presentation, occurrence in younger individuals, aggressive clinical course and poor response to conventional therapy--together with the differential diagnostic problems, especially vs. opportunistic infections.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

[Neoplasms of the base of the tongue. Evaluation with magnetic resonance].

The authors investigated MR capabilities in evaluating the neoplasms of the base of tongue. Thirty patients were examined. The images were obtained--at INI, Grottaferrata, Rome--using a 1.5 T superconductive Gyroscan unit by Philips. On T2-weighted images, the neoplasms were always hyperintense; in 10 patients edema could be distinguished from neoplasm. On T1-weighted scans the tumor exhibited the same signal intensity as the tongue muscle in 4 patients, while in the extant 26 cases it was hypointense. This pattern proved to be aspecific and could not be correlated with a specific histology. In 3 clinically symptomatic patients, MR imaging diagnosed the invasion of the internal pterigoid muscle. MR capabilities in identifying swollen lymph nodes was also evaluated on the basis of the signal intensities of the latter, as well as on their size. The authors' conclusion is that MR imaging is to be considered the method of choice in the staging of tumors at the base of tongue thanks to its high contrast resolution and multiplanar capabilities.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Evolution of the diagnostic accuracy of CT in clinical staging of patients with Hodgkin's disease].

From 1983 through 1989, 141 untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease underwent CT of the abdomen. They subsequently underwent staging laparotomy plus splenectomy and multiple biopsies of liver and lymph nodes, at the Institute of Radiology and Hematology, University "La Sapienza", Rome. CT results were compared with surgical findings to evaluate CT sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy. The cases from this series were divided into two groups depending on the characteristics of the CT scanners employed. From 1983 to 1985, 78 patients were examined with 2nd-generation CT units; from 1986 to 1989, 63 patients underwent CT performed with 3rd-generation scanners. The results from the two groups were analyzed according to these parameters. A total number of 622 biopsies were performed, of spleen, liver, and lymph nodes. CT sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy were: 22.9% (group I) vs 43.7% (group II), 83.1% vs 92%, and 68.4% vs 81.2% for lymph nodes; 28.1% vs 36.3%, 93.5% vs 98%, and 66.7% vs 87.3% for the spleen, and 12.5% vs 42.8%, 97.1% vs 98.2%, and 88.5% vs 92.1% for the liver. Our results demonstrate an obvious increase in reliability with newer units, even though a high percentage of false-negatives were still observed in our series, which caused understaging in 19.4% of cases vs 24.4% in group I.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Progress of brown tumors in patients with chronic renal insufficiency undergoing dialysis.

In a group of 73 patients, affected by chronic renal insufficiency, whose skeleton was periodically checked, three cases of brown tumors were found. These cases demonstrated a variety of locations that were involved, especially the pelvis, ribs and mandible. During therapeutic treatment the brown tumors presented a different behavior; while some lesions tended toward complete sclerosis, others increased in size and in both instances new lesions appeared. Parathyroidectomy, carried out in two patients, determined a definitive sclerosis of these lesions. Brown tumors also correlate with high PTH levels and with lesions from osteitis fibrosa.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cystic primary neoplasms of the liver of the adult. CT features.

Although rather rare, primary cystic neoplasms of the liver of the adult may represent a diagnostic challenge in everyday practice. We describe the features of such tumors visualized on computed tomography. This shows a wide range of morphological changes such as septa, papillary growths, solid/liquid ratio, wall characteristics, and vascularization. We conclude that although the differential diagnosis between these tumors and nontumoral cystic lesions may occasionally be reliable on computed tomography, proper management of hepatic cystic neoplasms still relies on the pathological findings.

Cholangiocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CT of secondary neoplasms. Unusual structural features--a pictorial essay.

The newer anticancer therapies, the routine employment of cross-sectional imaging modalities for staging and follow-up, and the increased survival rate of patients with neoplastic lesions have markedly widened the range of pathological and imaging features of secondary neoplasms. Moreover, the changes occurring in morphological and structural aspects of metastases may be the direct effect of the improved therapeutic tools, and in turn may offer revealing clues to the clinician regarding the outcome of therapy itself. The scope of this essay is to show the atypical computed tomographic (CT) aspects of a series of metastatic lesions. We selected the lesions on the basis of their unusual structural features, such as calcification; hemorrhage; superinfection; pseudocystic, cystic, and lipoid appearance; and hypervascularity. A highly detailed assessment of such changes is nowadays possible and appears mandatory.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Task variation versus task repetition for people with profound developmental disabilities: an assessment of preferences.

An assessment of preferences between task variation and task repetition with four adults with profound developmental disabilities was implemented. After participants were exposed to both task variation and task repetition conditions, they were allowed to choose between them. Results showed that all participants had strong preferences; three preferred task variation and one task repetition. Aspects of the assessment and use of assessment data for planning daily work conditions were discussed.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mobility versus sedentariness in task arrangements for people with multiple disabilities: an assessment of preferences.

This study was an attempt to assess preferences between a task arrangement involving mobility and a task arrangement involving sedentariness with three adults with multiple disabilities. Periods in which participants were exposed to both task arrangements were followed by periods in which they were allowed to choose between them. One participant had a strong preference for the task arrangement involving mobility from the beginning of the assessment. The other two participants developed a strong preference for the same task arrangement and showed higher levels of on-task behavior and/or of positive mood expressions within that arrangement. Aspects of the assessment as well as the use of assessment in daily contexts were discussed.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adrenal carcinomas in AIDS. Report of three cases.

With the recent advances in treatment of AIDS, we have seen an increase in detection of malignant neoplasms in our patients. While some malignancies have an undoubted relationship with the HIV infection, others represent nothing more than sporadic reports and their relationship with the underlying immunological deficit is all but clear. We report the imaging findings in three patients with AIDS and an adrenal adenocarcinoma. We also discuss the peculiar imaging aspects of these pathological entities and report some pathogenetic theories on the relationship between AIDS and neoplasms.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

US and CT findings of secondary neoplasms of the thyroid--a pictorial essay.

Although clinical series report a low (3%) incidence of metastases to the thyroid gland, autoptic studies have showed occurrences as high as 17%, probably because of the high vascularization of the thyroid. We selected 9 patients who had pathologically proven thyroid metastases at CT and US, during follow-up for a known primary neoplasm. The most common originating neoplastic primaries include mostly those that generally give rise to blood-borne metastases such as breast and lung cancers, mucoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach, colon cancer and renal cancer, as well as melanoma and leiomyosarcoma. Because of its diffusion, sensitivity, and noninvasiveness, ultrasonography can justifiably be introduced in the staging protocols of those neoplasm that more frequently give blood-borne metastases to the thyroid, but a US-guided biopsy is warranted for hypoechoic or otherwise suspicious nodules. This holds particularly true in disease-free patients or previously diagnosed with generally slow-growing malignancies (breast or kidney), since the secondary localization, often metachronous in our experience, may be effectively managed surgically. CT features, on the other hand, are extremely variable and are directly dependent on the histology of the primary lesion, as well as the size of the secondary lesions.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[NMR of phakomatoses].

23 patients affected by phakomatoses were studied with NMR, including tuberous sclerosis (11 cases), Sturge-Weber's disease and Von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis (6 cases). SE sequence was used performing T1-WIs with TR = 350-750 ms and TE = 20-30 ms and T2-WIs with TR = 1500-2100 ms and TE = 50-100 ms. Tuberous sclerosis was characterized in each case by the presence of hiperintense areas in T2-WIOs, associated in 9 cases to subependimal microcalcifications. Sturge-Weber-disease showed: cerebral or lobar emiatrophia, abnormal vascularization and cortical calcifications. Cerebral neurofibromatosis was characterized by extra-assial tumors, associated in 4 cases to gliomas of the optical pathways. The AA. conclude that NMR is the choice examination in the evaluation of phakomatoses.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Initial experiences in the study of the pelvis using nuclear magnetic resonance imaging with 6.36 MHz radiofrequency].

Twenty-four patients with pelvic disease were examined using a resistive magnet operating at a field strength of 0.15 T. and a R.F. frequency of 6.36 MHz. Spin-echo, multiecho (TR = 0.5-2 s; TE = 50-100 ms) and Inversion Recovery techniques (TR = 1.4 s; TI = 0.4 s) were employed. The proliferative processes of the pelvic organs were subdivided into: prostate (adenoma 5 cases, carcinoma 5); bladder (carcinoma 3, lymphoma 1); uterus (fibroma 1, cervical carcinoma 6, endometrial carcinoma 3). All patients were evaluated with conventional methods and had histological diagnosis. The little respiratory motion of pelvic organs allowed to obtain good coronal, sagittal and axial images. The main aspects of normal anatomy and pathology are analized and described. The tissue characterization of normal structures provides good anatomic details; multiplanar images depict the extent of the lesions properly. N.M.R. is an interesting method in evaluating the extension of pelvic masses and staging pelvic tumors.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nuclear magnetic resonance in pathology of the central nervous system in children].

The following study aims to establish the role of MRI in investigation of the CNS in children. 300 patients are examined, 220 affected by CNS disease. The examinations were performed using SE sequence (T1-weighted images TR = 350-700 ms TE = 30-60 ms; T2-weighted images TR = 1500-2000 ms TE = 50-200 ms). In most of the patients general anesthesia or sedation was necessary. Patients are divided into groups based on pathology and the advantages and shortcomings of MRI are discussed. In conclusion, MRI should be the technique of choice in the evaluation of malformative affections, white matter and inflammatory disease; it should be complementary to CT and angiography in tumors and vascular pathology.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hypothyroidism in adults: a magnetic resonance study of cerebral and hypophyseal changes].

The case of a 55-year-old woman with postpartum (at age of 22) hypopituitarism is reported. The patient, with signs of myxedema, was admitted to a psychiatric hospital for hallucinations. In addition to routine tests and measurements of thyroid hormones level, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and pituitary region was performed. The results of MRI showed cerebral atrophy and a large "empty sella". On the basis of clinical, laboratory and instrumental data, a diagnosis of panhypopituitarism with prevalent hypothyroidism was achieved. Many hypotheses could be made regarding its pathogenesis. Initially we considered the diagnosis of Sheehan's syndrome in which the sella turcica usually presents normal or reduced dimensions. However the presence of a large "empty sella" with thin walls, excludes this diagnosis. The delay of menarche and the short stature suggest the hypothesis of a preexistent pathological condition. It is possible that the patient had liquefied pituitary adenoma as a consequence of the postpartum shock or that she was hypothyroid, a condition in which the "empty sella" is very common.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intracranial hemorrhage studied with a high-field (1.5T) NMR apparatus].

Fifty-two patients were studied with high-field magnetic resonance imaging (1.5T), with T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo pulse sequences. The study was aimed at assessing the efficacy of MR imaging in the evaluation of intracranial hematomas. Characteristic intensity patterns were observed in the evolution of the hematomas, due to the physicochemical changes in hemoglobin. No acute hematomas were observed. In 35 sub-acute hematomas, peripheral hyperintensity could be observed on T1- and T2-weighted pulse sequences. This hyperintensity eventually fills in the hematoma in the chronic stage. In 17 chronic hematomas, a peripheral hypointense ring due to hemosiderin deposits was seen on T1- and T2-weighted scans. The authors conclude that high-field MR imaging is a very sensible diagnostic method in the evaluation of sub-acute and chronic hematomas.

Adult↗