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Biomedical subjects

F Capron

Publications and source records attributed to F Capron.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Histologic examinations during bronchial endoscopy: bronchial and transbronchial biopsy].

Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy was introduced by S. Ikeda at the end of the 1960's and has enabled considerable progress to be made in the diagnosis of tumours but equally for interstitial pathology. The different techniques are described and the techniques of transbronchial biopsy are stressed as well as side effects and specific complications such as pneumothorax or haemorrhage. The handling and servicing of the biopsies and the laboratory techniques are detailed. It is the overall quality of these practical aspects on which a correct interpretation of these tiny fragments depends.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1991

[Histopathological diagnosis of diffuse interstitial lung diseases].

The histopathological diagnosis of chronic diffuse infiltrative lung diseases rests on elements provided by bronchoalveolar lavage, fibroscopic transbronchial biopsy and, less frequently, surgical lung biopsy. The microscopic study sometimes leads to an accurate diagnosis that fits with the clinical context, but in other cases the morphological evaluation is purely lesional and must be discussed in the light of clinical, radiological and functional data.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1991

[Wegener's granulomatosis. Therapeutic indications and follow-up course. Apropos of 5 cases].

Five cases of Wegener's granulomatosis treated with cyclophosphamide (CPM) and prednisolone are reported. Four of these patients received intermittent intravenous boluses of cyclophosphamide with the aim of improving the prognosis and renal function and at the same time to attenuate any haematological or vesical toxicity of CPM. The initial response to treatment by boluses of CPM was favourable in all cases but three patients presented with relapses, which were sometimes repeated and boluses of CPM did not enable a remission to be maintained at the time. Recourse to continuous oral therapy in place of bolus therapy proved viable for the maintenance of remission in two cases. The bladder and haematological tolerance to the bolus was satisfactory but an episode of severe neutropenia led to an adaptation of the dose of CPM. The intermittent administration above all the low cumulative dose of CPM obtained with the boluses will explain the better vesical and haematological tolerance observed depending on the capacity to maintain a prolonged remission. The indications for boluses of CPM in the treatment of Wegener's granulomatosis remain uncertain and do not seem to be totally without inconvenience.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

[Icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis with acute respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary hemorrhage].

We report a case of the respiratory distress syndrome occurring in a patient with leptospirosis ictero-haemorrhagica (LIH). The respiratory failure was associated with pulmonary haemorrhage. There was a rapid favourable outcome after treatment with antibiotics and artificial ventilation. The diagnosis of LIH has been confirmed by serological examination. The mechanisms of the pulmonary disorder during the course of LIH were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of circulating insulins distinguishes between endogenous insulin production (a potential pitfall with streptozotocin diabetic rats) and islet xenograft function.

Porcine islets of Langerhans were microencapsulated according to the alginate-polylysine procedure, and implanted into the peritoneal cavity of 15 streptozotocin-induced (70 mg/kg) diabetic rats (6000 microencapsulated islets per rat). In four animals, a sustained decrease in plasma glucose level below 8.3 mmol/l was observed for up to nine months. However, it was possible to recover microcapsules from the peritoneal cavity of only one rat, and they were found to be damaged and containing no detectable tissue. When insulin in the plasma of three of these animals was analysed by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography, only rat insulins I and II, but not porcine insulin was detectable, indicating unambiguously that at the time of analysis, the correction of diabetes in these animals was due to the function of the recipient's own pancreas rather than the continued, long-term, function of the implanted porcine islets. These data confirm that in this model of diabetes, function of the host pancreas can resume following islet transplantation, leading in turn to the potential for a major bias in the interpretation of the data. In the case of an islet xenograft, when the donor's and recipient's insulins can be separated by high-performance liquid chromatography, this non-invasive analytical method should prove useful for identifying the source of insulin in the circulation, and thus the relative functional status of the endogenous and transplanted islets.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Comparative study of microencapsulated rat islets implanted in different diabetic models in mice.

Microencapsulated rat islets of Langerhans (alginatepolylysine microcapsules) were implanted into the peritoneal cavity of diabetic mice (500 rat islets per mouse) in order 1) to evaluate the ability of this xenograft in correcting hyperglycemia in different models of diabetes and 2) to examine the implanted material recovered from the recipients after several weeks. 1) In the high-dose streptozotocin model in Balb/c mice (n = 14), 6 had a sustained (over one month) decrease in plasma glucose concentration from 401 +/- 7 to 171 +/- 7 mg/dl, with no effect in the other. 2) In the low dose streptozotocin model in C57BL/6J mice (n = 17), plasma glucose levels decreased in 9 mice, from 439 +/- 27 to 180 +/- 30 mg/dl, and remained below 250 mg/dl up to 60 days. In 8 mice, only a transient effect was observed. Empty capsule transplantation had no effect. Plasma insulin in successfully transplanted mice was higher in fed than in fasted state. 3) Microencapsulated rat islets had no effect on plasma glucose in male NOD mice made diabetic by cyclophosphamide treatment (n = 10). Thus, microencapsulated rat islets can improve the diabetic state in some, but not all diabetic mice. In this study, microcapsules were consistently surrounded by an inflammatory reaction, which remains a major concern.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Fatal hemoptysis during bronchial aspergillosis with multiple pulmonary artery aneurysms].

Aspergillosis with fatal outcome are usually pulmonary invasive aspergillosis with or without dissemination, developed in patients with severe immunosuppression. We report a fatal case of bronchial necrotizing aspergillosis in a young woman with diabetes mellitus, who developed similar lesions to "Semi-invasive Aspergillosis", so-called "Chronic Necrotizing Pulmonary Aspergillosis". This aspergillosis was complicated by large pulmonary artery aneurysms requiring an hemostatic lobectomy. These aneurysms, secondary to the bronchial lesions, contrast with infectious aneurysms (so-called mycotic) secondary to septic embols. They differ from Rasmussen's aneurysms, due to tuberculosis, by their size, fusiform shape and extent. Lesions of vessels' walls and parietal fungal invasion in the vicinity of an endo-bronchial aspergilloma explain the vascular rupture. The multiplicity of these aneurysms, showed on C T Scan, is responsible for death by post-surgical recurrence of hemoptysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Neuroendocrine carcinoma (Merkel cell tumor?) presenting as a subcutaneous tumor. An ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of three cases.

The clinical and pathological features of three unusual soft tissue tumors are presented. They occurred in the groin of elderly patients in the subcutaneous tissue. In Case 1, the inguino-crural tumor coexisted with a second mass in the pelvis. The tumors had a tendency to recur locally and to invade the regional lymph nodes. Metastatic dissemination of the disease resulted in the death of the patient in Case 3. Histologically, the tumors appeared composed of small round cells with scanty cytoplasms, arranged in diffuse, poorly cohesive or solid sheets. In places, a trabecular pattern was noted. Mitotic figures were numerous. Some cells exhibited argyrophil granules. The ultrastructural study revealed compact whorls of intermediate filaments and neurosecretory granules. All three cases displayed a paranuclear dot-like positive reaction with antibodies to cytokeratins and neurofilaments. A diffuse cytoplasmic immunostaining for neuron-specific enolase was present in Cases 1 and 2. Protein S-100, vimentin and leucocyte common antigen could not be demonstrated. All these characteristics, except for the subcutaneous location, are shared with neuroendocrine (Merkel cell) tumors of the skin.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Transbronchial biopsy without fluoroscopy: a five year experience in outpatients.

Transbronchial biopsy is the technique of choice for obtaining tissue for histological diagnosis in many pulmonary disorders. The procedure has usually been carried out as an inpatient procedure with the use of fluoroscopy, though this policy has recently been questioned. This report concerns a five year experience of 174 transbronchial biopsies performed without fluoroscopy as an outpatient procedure in patients with interstitial lung disease or a suspicion of sarcoidosis. Chest radiography was carried out only if the patient developed symptoms. No major complications were encountered and the overall complication rate was low. Pneumothorax occurred in six patients (3.4%), only one of whom required intercostal intubation, and bleeding of more than 30 ml occurred in two patients. Histological diagnosis was obtained in 154 patients (88%). In the experience of this group transbronchial biopsy has been safe when carried out as an outpatient procedure without fluoroscopic guidance.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1989

[Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS patients. Aspects of clinical evolution in 37 cases].

This study concerns 37 cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in AIDS patients. The time elapsed between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity and the onset of pneumocystosis has been established. Three clinical types are individualized. In cases with normal X-ray films of the chest, measurement of carbon dioxide transfer capacity, always reduced, has led to a bronchoalveolar lavage which provided an early diagnosis. In spite of good response to treatment, the prognosis of pneumocystosis is poor owing to the frequency of associated diseases.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗