Biomedical subjects

F Cisse

Publications and source records attributed to F Cisse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

[Supervision of body composition and cardiovascular parameters in long sprint running athletes (400 m)].

INTRODUCTION: The follow-up of performances and the prevention about possible incidents at the athletes make necessary the medical supervision in physical training. The aims of this study are to estimate the effect of a precompetition training program in athletes' body composition, and cardiovascular modifications (in clinical examination and electrocardiogram) MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten athletes (3 men and 7 women; mean age of 23.6 +/- 3.16 years) of Dakar international Athletics' Center are subjected to a training on a period of 2 months in aerobic dominant followed by a period of 3 months in anaerobic dominant. At the beginning and the end of training program, an electrocardiogram is recorded after blood pressure (BP) measure in lying and standing posture and heart rate (HR) take. The weight, height and cutaneous folds are measured to calculate the body fat percentage, fat body mass, fat-free mass and body mass index. Every athlete has performed the Ruffier test Comparisons are realized by the paired t-test, statistically significant for a p value < 0,05 RESULTS: Significant declines after training interest HR (79.2 +/- 14.7 vs 63.2 +/- 10.25 beat min(-1); p< 0.001), systolic BP in standing posture (11.8 +/- 0.44 vs 10.6 +/- 0.96 mmHg; p= 0.02), and Ruffier index (4.4 +/- 3.28 vs 2.23 +/- 1.62; p= 0.048) whereas the fat-free mass increased (53.14 +/- 8.41 vs 54.16 +/- 9.67 kg; p= 0.046). At the electrocardiogram, the number of athletes having sinusal bradycardia is crossed from 1 to 4; there is no modification as for the two cases of uncomplete right bundle-branch block and the pre-existent left ventricular hypertrophy. Negative T waves in V1 and V2 leads are present in one athlete before training and in two others after. CONCLUSION: The impact of the specific training on body is real, interesting more the cardiovascular system.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

[Comparative study of the effect of fasting during Ramadan on the glycaemia at rest in sportsmen and sedentaries].

The fast of Ramadan submits body to transient metabolic modifications; and decrease of glycaemia can be one of results. Physical exercise modifies rate of plasmatic hormones responsible for its regulation. The purpose of this study is to appreciate the influence of the fast on this biologic parameter in sportsmen and sedentaries. Thirty (30) healthy subjects (15 sportsmen of stamina and 15 sedentaries), with 25 years of average age were recruited. They have all a comparable diet. We excluded subjects having practised a physical exercise the day of the test. Capillary glycaemia was measured after weighed and physical exam, in 2 periods: in second Ramadan's fortnight, 15 minutes before food intake, two (2) months after Ramadan at least 4 hours at distance of the last meal. Comparisons were remitted in the test of Student, significant for p value lower than 0.05. During Ramadan, the glycaemia of the sportsmen at rest, is at one exception always superior or equal to that of the sedentaries. However, there is non significant difference as much during the fast as in normal food intake. Respective averages are 4.6 mmol/l, 0.15 and 4.5 mmol/l, 0.01 during Ramadan. They cross then in 4.8 mmol/l, 0.2 and 4.8 mmol/l, 0.4 in normal food intake. Landmark, the comparison of the averages from period to the other one in every group shows a significant difference only for the sedentaries. The return to normal food intake was expressed by an important gain in weight for all subjects. The fast of Ramadan has no notorious influence on sportsman's glycaemia contrary to that of sedentary. In other words, the sportsman administers better his stocks of glucose. Previous works however strongly advised against sports practice during Ramadan and more particularly the competitions, because, exercises of strong intensity can induce dehydration.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

[Physical performance and thermoregulatory study of subjects with sickle cell trait during a sub-maximal exercise].

The sickle cell trait is a genetic abnormality of red blood cells. It is due to the mutation of a parental gene, which rest Its to the substitution of glutamic acid by valin on beta globin chain of haemoglobin. The possibility for sickle cell trait carriers (SCT) to present any disturbance during predominantly anaerobic and aerobic exercises is unclear. Ten (10) subjects with sickle cell trait and 10 subjects control were studied during exercise test on cycloergometer. They were all students of the National Institute of Popular Education and Sport of Dakar. The mean of environmental temperature was 26 degrees C and humidity was 60 to 80%. After haematological analysis, a submaximal muscular exercise for one hour with 75% of maximal heart rate was done. We have determined heart rate, blood pressure, rectal and skin temperature during exercise. Haematological parameters shown any significant difference between the two groups. No significant difference was found in cardiocirculatory variables during maximal exercise in cycloergometer between control group and sickle cell trait group. The two groups have done submaximal exercise during 1 hour without particular difficulty. We have not observed a significant difference between the two groups in cardiovascular variables, rectal and skin temperature during exercise, and after 3 minutes of rest. These results show that subjects with SCT have physical capacity comparable with control subjects during a sub maximal exercise for 1 hour. We can assure that subjects with SCT in our country may participate in sports competition, as well as normal subjects (HbAA).

Blood Pressure↗

PubMed2002

[Bicycle test: measure of anaerobic power, heart rate and blood lactic acid].

Seven sportsmen, 100 meters and 400 meters runners are submitted to an effort test of 30 seconds. The subjects are on average 23.7 +/-2 years old. The purpose of our work is to study on the one hand the evlution of the anaerobic power. the heart rate and the lactic acid in blood during and after a bicycle test. and their relation, and on the other hand. to know the suitable pratical importance of the heart rate and the lactic acid in blood in connection with the intermittent efforts recovery aiming the anaerobic power developpement. These physiological parameters have been measured by a Monark bicycle 864, a sport-tester PE 3000 and a spectrophotometer JASCO 7800 UV/VIS. The power and the heart rate increase quickly in the 5 first seconds. Our subjects reach their average maximal anaerobic power at the 10th second, and then this power decreases progressively, while the heart rate continues to increase, without being maximal at the end of te test. Five minutes later it decreases in a half, while the lactic acid level calculated at the 30th second is continuing significantly. We have not found a significant relation between the measured parameters at the test stopping and during the recovery period (except between the lactic acid and the recovery index of the heart rate at the 25th minute). The lactic acid in blood would inform better about a good recovery during an interval training effort.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

[Ammonia-gas poisoning: respiratory troubles evaluated by functional exploration].

The objective of our research is first to evaluate the defects in the respiratory function which have been noticed among patients suffering from ammonia poisoning during the accident at the SONACOS factory of Dakar in 1992. Secondly it is to set precisely the seriousness of the problem. This retrospective study is carried out on 50 patients examined at the Physiology and Functional Exploration Laboratory of the faculty of Medicine of Dakar University from March 1993 to October 1995. These patients have been submitted to at least two respiratory functional explorations. Ten of them have been treated for two years, thus benefiting from a spirographic control of these respiratory troubles already noticed. 58 % of the patients have developed an obstruction syndrome with the following specifities : fourteen patients out of 29 revealed a serious stoppage of the bronchi, twelve had a moderate bronchial obstruction, and three showed a minor bronchial obstruction. Besides, 34 % of the patients have developed a mixed syndrome with a minor restrictive component and a severe obstructive component. 8 % of the poisoned have presented a normal lung function testing. About the localisation of the respiration disorders at the level of the bronchial system, 61 % of the patients have shown an obstruction of the proximal, medial and distal bronchi. 26 % have presented obstruction of the distal bronchi, 13 % have shown an attack at their medial and distal bronchi. 5 patients out of 10 have shown any modification in their respiratory troubles while 3 of 10 have shown significant improvement. Then 2 out of 10 have shown degradation in their respiratory problems with an extension of bronchial obstruction. The ammonia poisoning has caused serious respiratory disorders related to the general and local toxic action of ammonia on the respiratory tract, its retention at their level and its effects on the respiratory function. The severity of the patent injuries incites to issue recommendations concerning the prevention of ammonia poisoning and the quick and efficient taking charge of the casualties in case of any accidental intoxication.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

[Serum cortisol level variations in thyroid diseases].

This work studies the thyroid disorders impact on adrenals glands by measuring total cortisol. Radioimmunoassays of thyroid hormones and cortisol were performed in 108 subjects, aged 20-52 years, with thyroid diseases. Our results show low cortisol values (80.35 nmol/L) in 4.77% of hyperthyroids, high values in 3.57% of hyperthyroids (1348.18 nmol/L) and 12.5% of hypothyroids (969.05 nmol/L). In hyperthyroidism, thyroid hormone stimulates the secretion of 11 ceto metabolites biologically inactive, unable to slow pituitary activity, inducing an increased production of endogene cortisol. Excessive catabolism can lead to the exhausting of overstimulated adrenal glands, and therefore to a decreased cortisol. In hypothyroidism, high cortisol results of increase cortisol half life and decrease of metabolic clearance. Control mechanisms often allow normal cortisol values. These alterations in functional activity of adrenal glands, seen in nearly 10% of these subjects, sometimes command a specific attitude in diagnosis and therapy.

Adrenal Glands↗

PubMed2000

[Role of nitric oxide in diaphragmatic dysfunction genesis during sepsis in rats].

Nitric oxide (NO) is a vasodilator agent that is cytotoxic and negatively inotropic in the heart. More recently, it has been shown that during sepsis there is a high amount of NO production by a NO synthase (NOS) that is inducible by cytokines. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of NO in the genesis of diaphragmatic dysfunction during sepsis. Rats were inoculated i.p. injection with 10 mg/kg of Escherichia coil endotoxin (E animals) or saline (C animals). Six hours after endotoxin or saline inoculation, diaphragmatic force and muscularc GMP (Cyclic guanosine monophosphate) were assessed by in vitro force frequency curves and ELISA method, respectively. As compared to C animals, E animals showed a significant decrease in diaphragmatic force for all the frequencies of stimulation (p < 0.01). This reduction was associated with a significant increase in muscular cGMP. Inhibition of NO synthesis in E animals with either dexamethasone (4 mg/kg IV, 45 min before endotoxin or saline) or NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA, 8 mg/kg IV, 90 min after endotoxin or saline) prevented the effects of endotoxin. However, no modification was seen with NG-monomethyl-D-arginine (D-NMMA), a molecule which does not inhibit NO synthesis. Administration of dexamethasone or L-NMMA in C animals did not induce any significant change in diaphragmatic force, and cGMP ratio. We conclude that NO has a contributive role in diaphragmatic dysfunction during Escherichia coli induced sepsis in rats.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

[Transverse study comparing certain physical characteristics of Senegalese children and adolescents from 7 to 13 years of age].

350 boys and 350 girls 7 to 13 years of age that are equally divided into 7 age groups according to sex, have been submitted to action speed tests (pure speed), co-ordination-speed, pure-power, co-ordination-power, flexibility and balance. The objective of our study was to compare the average evolution of each of these qualities according sex and age. From 7 to 13 boys were more performing than the girls in the first four tests; it's the opposite when il comes to the last two ones. Yet, the differences shown on both sides were not altogether significant but in action--speed (except at 9) and in flexibility. The two sexes were significantly different at the age of 7 and from 9 to 10 in balance, from 10 to 13 in pure-power, from 11 to 13 in co-ordination-power and from 12 to 13 in co-ordination-speed. It is often from the age of 7 to 9 or 10 that the average yearly gains of the performances are significant. Among the girls, they undergo more noticeable reductions from 9 or 10 until 12, before to decrease between 12 and 13 (in pure speed, co-ordination-speed and pure power), whereas the boys', for all the above mentioned physical qualities, remain unchanged or increase in a more significant way (except in flexibility). These significant results suggest a diversification of motor learning contents for boys and girls of the same age, or of different age according to sex.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

[Transplantation of cryopreserved carotids in the rabbit: effect of cryoprotective agents].

The cryopreservation of blood vessels has been carried out for some decades with variable results. In order to study the behaviour of cryopreserved allografts by using new technique of cryopreservation a study on the ultrastructure arterial tissue consequences by microscopic techniques has been carried. The graft has been harvested from carotid artery of donor rabbit, implanted to a carotid artery of a recipient rabbit and extracted at 1, 3 and 5 months after the operation. An intimal thickening and a cellular loss in the media have been observed. However, good patency has been observed in all cryopreserved allografts. Manifestations of rejection are delayed in groups with polyethylene glycol.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

[Rectal temperature trends during 24 hours in a hot climate with and without nutritional support].

A group of 22 young subjects staying in rest was studied in the aim to follow the nycthemeral evolution of the rectal temperature, according to two situations: 1) normal feeding, 2) absence of feeding. The use of drinking water was not limited. The experimentation was carried out in tropical area, Kédougou (Eastern Senegal), during a high period of temperature. The mean of day temperature was 38 degrees C and the night temperature, 22 degrees C. The skin and rectal temperature, the arterial pressure and the cardiac frequency were measured every three hours. The results showed a significant difference in the nycthemeral rythm of the rectal temperatures. The nocturnal temperatures were not different in the two conditions. We observed a significant elevation (delta = 0.31 +/- 0.18 degree C) of the diurne post prandial temperature. The results supported that the thermic modification observed during the experience were linked to the feed.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[Method for recovering and concentrating lactic acid during interval training].

Sixteen athletes were divided into 2 equal groups, A and B. Then, they were put through a series of repetitive trial exercises consisting in a sequence of 400 m races run to a sub-maximum speed (75% of maximum speed) and with pauses of a length of time equal to race time, and repeated to exhaustion, i.e., inability to keep up required speed. Recuperation in between races varied: Group A was completely passive, motionless; Group B was still going, albeit rather slowly. The parameters measured included blood concentration of lactic acid at rest and on completion of exercise and overall distance covered. At rest, there was a significant difference of lactatemia between the two groups. During the exercise, the distance run by Group B was longer (by 187.5 m) that that covered by Group A, though the difference was not significant (0.05 < P < 0.10), but his lactatemia was significantly much lower (P < 0.05). On average, the race speed and the time for recuperation which were alternatively measured were just the same for the two groups.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Growth and ventilatory function in Black children and adolescents].

The authors realized an anthropometric and spirometric study in Senegalese children and adolescents, 119 males and 82 females were selected. They studied the statural and thoracic rate of growth with age and the consequences on lung function growth. The correlations between each spirometric parameter and each anthropometric parameter were calculated in order to determine the best regression equations of pulmonary volumes and flows according to height, weight and other anatomical parameters. Results were compared to literature. The spirometric values were very close to Black American and African ones but the spirometric volumes were about 20% less than Caucasian values. The differences in forced expiratory flows were smaller (10%). The explanation is mainly anatomic: African children have smaller thorax with long limbs as it was shown largely in adults. The rate of somatic and lung growth was not similar to Caucasian children, thus we have proposed our regression equations as spirometric reference values for African children and adolescents.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

[An attempt to analyse the recovery mode effects on heart rate and performance in a series of 400 meter flat race].

22 subjects divided into two groups A and B have to observe respectively passive and active recuperations. The analysis of the results shows that the subjects of Group B present a lower pulse rate at the end of the test. However, their average heart rate is not significantly different form that of the subjects of Group A. Group B is significantly more performant than Group A with regard to the total distance covered (P < 001) and duration (05 > P > 01).

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Aerobic capacity training in heterozygote sickle cell athletes].

Two sport groups, all training physical educational and sports teachers at the H.N.I.P.S.S. of Dakar have been tested by measure of maximum consumption of oxygen (VO2max) before and after a three month aerobic training. The first group contained 10 abnormal hemoglobin (AS) subjects. The second group 11 normal hemoglobin (AA) subjects. The results do not show any difference in the reaction of adaptation between the two groups.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Effect of water fasting on sport performances in the laboratory].

15 sport men heart rate and central temperature were measured at rest and at the end of a progressive maximal exercise. Maximum consumption of oxygen (VO2 max) was estimated after the effort. The experience began in the morning from 9 to 11 a.m. and the afternoon from 4 to 6 p.m. In the first time subjects had a normal alimentation and in the second they observed a rigorous fast. The comparison of the results doesn't show difference induced by fast on VO2 max and maximal heart rate. However heart rate at rest and capacity of work decrease during fast and permit to think that a more intensive and long exercise in more strenuous climates than this one should give significative modifications.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Central temperature and its circadian rhythm in men acclimated to the intertropical zone].

The central temperature has been measured at rest over 623 black men who are between 18 and 78 years old, and perfectly fit to warm weather in the intertropical areas. The measures have been taken according to two protocols: dealing with the ambiant temperature and the humidity (ambiant temperature varying from 20 degrees C to 42 degrees C, the humidity from 70% to 80%). dealing with the daily cycle: The central temperature was recorded every 3 hours by 24 hours at two different periods in the year, on June (the ambiant temperature varying from 28 degrees C to 42 degrees C and the humidity from 33 to 42%), and on December (the ambiant temperature varying from 21 degrees C to 25 degrees C and the humidity from 70 to 90%). On the one hand, the results showed an influence of the external temperatures on the circadian curves of the central temperature (maximal central temperature taken in the afternoon was 37.2 degrees C in winter and 37.6 degrees C in summer). On the other hand, there's a linear relation between central temperature and ambiant temperature, at least on certain limit and apart from the weather. In spite of two modifications, the thermoregulator system of some designed individual remain efficiency but would work rather than according to the mechanism of the "following" systems.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acclimatization↗

PubMed1991

Clinical efficacy and tolerability of tenoxicam in African patients with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, tendinitis and/or bursitis: an open study.

An open clinical evaluation was carried out in 736 African out-patients suffering from rheumatic and inflammatory disorders to assess the efficacy and tolerability of tenoxicam in relieving the signs and symptoms of their condition. On entry, all previous treatment was discontinued and patients received a simple daily dose of 20 mg tenoxicam orally for 15 days in the case of those with rheumatoid arthritis or tendinitis, or for 30 days in those with osteoarthritis. Paracetamol was allowed as a rescue analgesic. Subjective verbal scale assessments were used to determine levels of pain at rest, on movement and at night, sleep disturbance and functional incapacity, on entry and during treatment. At the end of the study period, both physicians and patients gave an overall opinion of the clinical response to tenoxicam, and patients were asked how their current compared with their previous treatment. The results showed that approximately 90% of patients had an excellent or good response to tenoxicam with marked improvement in all the signs and symptoms evaluated. Moreover, tenoxicam proved to be well tolerated, only a small number of patients reporting adverse events, mainly gastro-intestinal.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1991

[Central temperature during chronic exposure to a warm climate].

Rectal temperature was determined at rest in 603 healthy melanoderm african men, in their natural environment. The ambient temperatures were noted between 20 and 38 degrees C on the morning and 23 to 46 degrees C on the afternoon, according to the season and place. On the morning results a significant positive correlation was found between rectal and ambient temperatures. On the afternoon results the situation was more complex: there was a positive correlation only with comfortable and warm ambient temperatures (23-35 degrees C), but not with higher temperatures (36-46 degrees C). Furthermore 28 young sportmen performed a submaximal 30 min exercise test on a cycloergometer at 2 ambient temperatures (comfortable and hot) and the difference in rectal temperature was appreciated between the beginning and the end of each activity. Results showed the same increase in the body temperature during the 2 tests. These results suggest that human thermoregulation remains effective in the subtropical area but can be adapted to the climatic conditions in permanent residents. Then the internal temperature is modified by the increasing ambient temperature, but there is a superior limit of this deep body temperature: when it is overpassed, a strong corrective mechanism is applied.

Adaptation, Physiological↗