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Biomedical subjects

F Clavel

Publications and source records attributed to F Clavel.

87 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Identification and antigenicity of the major envelope glycoprotein of lymphadenopathy-associated virus.

The major envelope glycoprotein of the causative agent of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV) has been identified and characterized. The glycoprotein has an apparent molecular weight of 110,000-120,000 under denaturing conditions in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Upon deglycosylation by a specific endoglycosydase, its size is reduced to 80,000. Cellular precursors of this glycoprotein have been detected with apparent molecular weight of 150,000 and 135,000. Nearly all AIDS and pre-AIDS patients have detectable antibodies against this viral glycoprotein.

Carbon Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1985

Breast cancer and oral contraceptives: a review.

The relationship between oral contraceptive use and breast cancer was investigated in 22 major epidemiological studies, which are reviewed in this paper. The overall risk ratio was never found to increase when computed among all users vs. nonusers. Risk increases were found in some studies within specific subgroups; but in general, if any risk exists, it is not much more than one. Future studies should focus specifically on women under age 25, on women before a first full-term pregnancy and, to a lesser extent, on perimenopausal women and on women who have had a benign breast disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Tobacco withdrawal. Comparison of the efficacy of various methods. Intermediate results of a comparative study].

A comparative study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of different methods of detoxication for dependent smokers is currently in progress. In this study, the percentage of subjects who gave up smoking after 1 month and changes in this percentage over a 12-month period are determined in 3 groups of subjects: one group treated with acupuncture, one group treated with a chewing-gum containing nicotine, and a control group. The intermediate analysis results include 45% of the total number of subjects required. They show no statistically significant difference between the control group and the two treated groups. Volunteers are still being recruited.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1984

Lymphadenopathy associated virus and its etiological role in AIDS.

Lymphadenopathy associated virus (LAV) is a novel human retrovirus first reported in 1983. It was isolated from the lymph node lymphocytes of a French homosexual patient with generalized hyperplasic lymphadenopathy. Subsequently LAV was isolated from patients with frank acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) coming from all the different high-risk groups, while anti-LAV antibodies were detected equally in individuals from all "at-risk" groups. Such a profile is consistent with the virus being the major etiological agent of AIDS. Furthermore its biological properties, namely its cytopathic effect in vitro, its T4-cell tropism as well as the role of the T4 molecule in virus infection explain, at least in part, the pathophysiology of AIDS. The major core (gag) proteins are p18, p25, and p13 which are products of a Pr55 precursor. The major envelope (env) glycoprotein is unusually large (gp110) for a retrovirus and comparable to those of the lentiviruses. Recently the virus has been molecularly cloned. The genome is 9.2 kb long, longer than any other known replication competent retrovirus apart from the lentiviruses. The absence of molecular hybridization between cloned LAV and human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV) genomes compounds the original and extensive differences noted between these viruses and demonstrates that LAV is a prototype of a new class of human retrovirus.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1982

[Analysis of silicone testicular implants after explantation].

Two juvenile size silicone testicular prostheses were analyzed following replacement by adult size devices after 72 and 99 months in situ. Scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe studies were carried out on the explanted silicone prostheses and their attached tissue capsules. The material at the surface of the prostheses gave no evidence of biodeterioration. However, localized sites of calcification were observed. The adjacent tissue capsule consisted of two distinct concentric layers with different morphologies; the one adjacent to the prosthesis consisted of dense arrays of collagen fibres oriented parallel to the silicone surface and extending outward to a thickness of 100-120 microns. The outer layer was less dense, more disordered and was uneven in thickness. It contained numerous discrete particles of silicon-rich material. Technical and clinical implications of these results are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Relation between mortality in cancer of the pancreas and food and tobacco consumption in France].

The relationship is given between French pancreatic cancer mortality rates form 1968 to 1976, and some nutritional variables and tobacco. Positive correlations were found between the death rate from pancreatic cancer and sugar, egg and cereal consumption; however, a negative correlation was found with tobacco consumption. A stepwise multiple regression procedure showed an association between the mortality rate from cancer of the pancreas and meat and oil consumption when age had been taken into account.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Breast cancer and use of antihypertensive drugs and oral contraceptives: results of a case-control study (author's transl)].

A case control study in breast cancer was conducted in France between 1976 and 1980. 1 031 patients with histologically confirmed cancer of the breast were entered into the study. Each was matched on age (+/- 5 years) to two controls hospitalized in the same clinic for a benign disease. We have specially studied the anti-hypertensive drugs, and the oral contraceptives. We found no difference between cancer patients and controls concerning their consumption of anti-hypertensive drugs, whether containing reserpine or not, and their consumption of oral contraceptives. However, there is a relation between the use of oral contraceptives and the age, family status and social class of women. After adjustment on these factors, we found a 1.62 relative risk of developing a cancer of the breast among the women using oral contraceptives (p less than 0.02).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Molecular cloning and polymorphism of the human immune deficiency virus type 2.

We recently reported the isolation of a novel retrovirus, the human immune deficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2, previously named LAV-2), from patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) originating from West Africa. This virus is related to HIV-1, the causative agent of the AIDS epidemic now spreading in Central and East Africa, as well as the USA and Europe (see ref. 3 for review) both by its morphology and by its tropism and in vitro cytopathic effect on CD4 (T4) positive cell lines and lymphocytes. But preliminary hybridization experiments indicated that there are substantiated differences between the sequences of the two genomes. Furthermore, the proteins of HIV-1 and HIV-2 have different sizes and their serological cross-reactivity is restricted to the major core protein, as the envelope glycoproteins of HIV-2 are not immunoprecipitated by HIV-1-positive sera. We now report the molecular cloning of the complete 9.5-kilobase (kb) genome of HIV-2, the observation of restriction site polymorphism between different isolates, and a preliminary analysis of the relationship of HIV-2 with other human and simian retroviruses.

Base Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Genome organization and transactivation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2.

Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the human retrovirus associated with AIDS in West Africa, HIV-2, shows that it is evolutionarily distant from the previously characterized HIV-1. We suggest that these viruses existed long before the current AIDS epidemics. Their biological properties are conserved in spite of limited sequence homology; this may help the determination of the structure-function relationships of the different viral elements.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) resistance-associated mutations and polymorphisms in NNRTI-naïve HIV-infected patients.

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of treatment containing nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) could be compromised in NNRTI-naïve patients already harboring a virus resistant to NNRTIs. On the contrary, hypersusceptibility to NNRTIs in patients having failed nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-containing regimens has been described and has been associated with improved outcome. METHOD: We assessed the prevalence of NNRTI resistance-associated mutations or polymorphisms in 146 antiretroviral-naïve patients and in 181 HIV-infected patients who were given an NNRTI-based regimen. We phenotypically evaluated the NNRTI susceptibility of 41 strains presenting with amino acid substitutions at positions involved in NNRTI resistance. RESULTS: In the 268 genotypically analyzable samples, the overall prevalence of NNRTI resistance-associated mutations was 2% (6/268 patients). The prevalence of strains with amino acid substitutions at reverse transcriptase (RT) gene positions (A98, K101, K103, V106, V108, V179) involved in NNRTI resistance was 15%. Hypersusceptibility to NNRTI was rare (2%, 1/41) in those samples. RT substitutions at positions involved in NNRTI resistance were not associated with a significantly worse virologic outcome in NNRTI-treated patients. Our understanding of small shifts in IC50 values (higher or lower) toward NNRTI is very limited. The significance of many RT mutations on NNRTI susceptibility is not clear. CONCLUSION: In contrast to resistance mutations, RT substitutions at positions involved in NNRTI resistance are frequent. They are not associated with a worse virologic outcome or with decreased phenotypic susceptibility to NNRTIs. It may be prudent not to rule out the use of NNRTIs in patients with small shifts in IC50 values or poorly understood mutations.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lung in acquired immune deficiency syndrome: infectious and immunological status assessed by bronchoalveolar lavage.

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) has been performed in 63 patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 20 patients with chronic generalized lymphadenopathy (CGL) for the diagnosis of lung opportunistic infections and analysis of immune effector cells of the lower respiratory tract. In patients with AIDS, Pneumocystis carinii was found in 63%. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia was assessed by viral cultures of BAL fluid and microscopic examination: CMV was found in 62% and 39% respectively. Mycobacteria were encountered in 22% of cases. Altogether BAL yielded at least one opportunistic agent in 94% of patients who presented with clinical and/or radiographic pulmonary involvement, and in 80% of patients who presented with fever only. Conversely BAL was negative in all patients with CGL, except one positive CMV culture. Analysis of BAL cells revealed an increased cellularity in AIDS and CGL patients with normal numbers of alveolar macrophages. Alveolar lymphocytes were surprisingly increased in most patients with AIDS (mean 26.1 +/- 21.9%; range 1-76%) and CGL (mean 26.6 +/- 22.6%; range 3-76%) with criteria of activation contrasting with the blood lymphopenia. Evaluation of lung lymphocyte phenotypes revealed a marked decrease in T4 cell percentages, specially in AIDS, whereas the large majority of alveolar lymphocytes expressed the T8 phenotype. We conclude that BAL is a very reliable means for diagnosis of opportunistic lung infections and give interesting prospects to study local immunity in patients with AIDS and CGL.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗