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Biomedical subjects

F D Ellis

Publications and source records attributed to F D Ellis.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

X-linked recessive familial exudative vitreoretinopathy.

Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy is an inherited disorder characterized by retinal traction, peripheral vitreous opacities, and subretinal and intraretinal exudates. We observed a family in which four boys (the children of three sisters) were affected with this disorder and an X-linked recessive inheritance was apparent. The differential diagnosis includes retinopathy of prematurity, primary hyperplastic primary vitreous, Coats' disease, peripheral uveitis, retinoblastoma, and Norrie's disease, but this differentiation can usually be made on the basis of clinical findings alone. Knowledge of X-linked recessive transmission is important for correct diagnosis and for genetic counseling.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1992

A new classification of superior oblique palsy based on congenital variations in the tendon.

BACKGROUND: Superior oblique palsy is the most frequent isolated cranial nerve palsy seen in strabismus practice. It is traditionally diagnosed according to etiology as acquired, congenital, or idiopathic, but surgical treatment is based on deviation not etiology. Observations at surgery led to speculation that the superior oblique tendon is different in congenital compared with acquired superior oblique palsy and that this difference should be considered in surgical treatment. METHODS: The authors reviewed the charts of 82 patients (89 eyes) undergoing surgery on the superior oblique tendon for superior oblique palsy. In each case, the palsy had been diagnosed preoperatively as acquired, congenital, or idiopathic, and, at surgery, characteristics of the tendon anatomy were described. RESULTS: Thirty-eight superior oblique tendons (36 patients), diagnosed as congenital superior oblique palsy, included 33 abnormal tendons and 5 normal tendons. Twenty-four tendons (21 patients), diagnosed as traumatic superior oblique palsy, included 22 normal and 2 abnormal tendons. Twenty-seven tendons (25 patients), diagnosed as idiopathic, included 19 normal and 8 abnormal tendons. Abnormal tendons were divided into 4 categories: (1) redundant, (2) misdirected, (3) inserted in posterior Tenon's capsule, and (4) absent. CONCLUSIONS: The authors conclude that congenital superior oblique palsy is usually associated with a structural abnormality of the superior oblique tendon (87%). Whereas acquired superior oblique palsy usually has a normal tendon (92%). Superior oblique underaction in acquired superior oblique palsy results from a neural deficit. Potential variance in anatomy of the superior oblique tendon should be considered when undertaking surgery for superior oblique palsy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Surgical treatment of subluxated lenses in children.

BACKGROUND: Surgical removal of subluxated lenses had traditionally been discouraged because of concerns about poor surgical results and unacceptably high complication rates. METHODS: The authors reviewed the surgical results of 29 eyes in 15 consecutive patients who were operated on for subluxated lenses. RESULTS: Best-corrected visual acuity improved in all 29 eyes and was limited only by amblyopia. There were no significant complications in follow-up ranging from 5 months to 12 years. CONCLUSION: Modern surgical techniques using vitrectomy instruments allow the vitreous to be handled more effectively and have led to improved results and lower complication rates. Surgery for subluxated lenses can be done effectively and safely when indicated.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Large recession of the horizontal recti for treatment of nystagmus.

Ten patients had large recession of four horizontal recti at one procedure for treatment of nystagmus. Six patients had congenital motor nystagmus, two had oculocutaneous albinism, and two had optic nerve hypoplasia. Anomalous head posture with null point was also present in five patients. The rectus muscles were placed at or behind the equator in all but one case. Three patients with both esotropia and nystagmus had the medial recti placed 1 mm behind the equator and the lateral recti or at 1 mm anterior to the equator. Visual acuity improved an average of 1 line at distance and/or near in 8 patients who cooperated for testing. Although nystagmus was not eliminated in any patient, its its amplitude decreased in eight of ten patients, and anomalous head posture improved in three of five patients. In all patients, near vision was better than distance vision both preoperatively and postoperatively. Ductions were diminished minimally after the large recession and there were no other complications from surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Orbital teratoma associated with trigonocephaly.

A rare case of congenital orbital teratoma that developed concurrently with the clinical findings of metopic sutural synostosis in an infant is presented. A cause-and-effect and/or embryologic relationship between these two cephalic malformations is possible, although coincidental occurrence is equally probable. The proximity of these congenital anomalies permitted complete resolution in a one-stage craniofacial procedure without alteration in the surgical technique.

Craniosynostoses↗
PubMed1991

A technique for arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament repair.

Treatment options for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears include rehabilitation therapy, derotation therapy, and surgical repair or reconstruction. This article presents an arthroscopic technique for reattaching the ACL that offers some advantages over other procedures. Advantages include avoiding exposure of the knee joint, improved cosmetic results, and reduced recuperation time.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament↗
PubMed1991

Posterior cruciate ligament injuries.

PCL reconstruction is not often necessary. Arthroscopic techniques using autograft or allograft substitution for the PCL probably bear more physiologic and anatomic likeness to the normal ligament than to tissue transfers posteriorly. The arthroscopic procedure is exacting and technically demanding. It is advisable to supplement the PCL reconstruction with an appropriate capsulorrhaphy when the posterior capsule, arcuate complex, or oblique popliteal ligament are also injured. In combined cruciate injuries, PCL reconstruction is notably easier when staged before reconstruction of the ACL.

Arthroscopy↗
PubMed1988

Inferior oblique inclusion after lateral rectus surgery.

A retrospective and prospective study evaluated the clinical characteristics of patients with inadvertent incorporation of the inferior oblique muscle to the lateral rectus muscle after lateral rectus surgery. Nineteen cases were included in the study (12 retrospectively in the preceding 18 months and 7 during the prospective 5-month period). Thirteen cases with the inferior oblique inclusion occurred after a lateral rectus resection and 6 occurred after a lateral rectus recession. Most patients demonstrated a vertical deviation in the affected eye preoperatively. Nine had hypotropia and 8 had hypertropia. Deficient elevation in adduction in all patients was found on motility testing. After reoperation, despite freeing the inferior oblique from the lateral rectus, most patients had a persistent vertical deviation. Inadvertent inferior oblique inclusion can be avoided by inspecting the under surface of the lateral rectus and freeing any inferior oblique attachment before reattaching the lateral rectus to the globe during either resection or recession.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Hibiclens keratitis.

Presumed accidental corneal exposure to Hibiclens (chlorhexidine 4% and detergent) in two patients resulted in severe and permanent corneal opacification. We investigated the corneal toxicity of Hibiclens by gross, biomicroscopic, and histopathologic studies of rabbit eyes exposed to Hibiclens for varying time intervals ranging from five to 15 minutes. Severe, irreversible, and progressive corneal damage resulted in all eyes studied.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Persistent binocular diplopia after cataract surgery.

We reviewed the records of 38 consecutive patients who had persistent binocular diplopia after cataract surgery. The patients were divided into ten categories based on the suspected conditions underlying the diplopia. Of 16 patients who underwent strabismus surgery, five achieved the therapeutic goal of single binocular vision in the primary and reading position, and four attained this with prismatic or botulinum toxin therapy in addition to surgery. Seven patients continued to have diplopia despite strabismus surgery and adjunctive therapy. Even small residual deviations were often intolerable, because of highly diminished fusional amplitudes.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A syndrome of microcephaly, eye anomalies, short stature, and mental deficiency.

We have studied a mother and son with a previously apparently undescribed syndrome of microcephaly, eye defects, small ears, mild mental deficiency, and short stature. The syndrome appears to be an autosomal or X-linked dominant trait. The cat eye syndrome, blepharophimosis or Kohn-Romano syndrome, Rieger syndrome, and other disorders are discussed in relationship to this entity.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1987

Evaluation of an absorbable muscle sleeve to limit postoperative adhesions in strabismus surgery.

A muscle sleeve fashioned from polyglactin 910 Vicryl mesh was used in a rabbit animal model to evaluate its efficacy in decreasing postoperative adhesions encountered in extraocular muscle surgery. Clinical observations, as well as gross and histological comparison of the experimental and control groups, revealed a significant reduction in postoperative adhesions under conditions of normal surgical trauma. Where there was extensive trauma, however, no significant reduction was observed. No evidence of toxicity of the material to ocular tissues was found.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Stereopsis in normal infants and infants with congenital esotropia.

We used electro-oculographic recordings of eye movement responses to a dynamic random-dot stereogram to assess stereopsis in normal infants and in infants with congenital esotropia. Normal infants showed an onset of stereopsis at about 4 months of age, consistent with previous reports. Four of nine infants with congenital esotropia demonstrated stereopsis when tested within two weeks of surgical alignment. No patient with congenital esotropia showed evidence of stereopsis when tested at a postoperative interval of more than two weeks.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Vergence amplitudes with random-dot stereograms.

Random-dot stereograms were found to be capable of producing fusional vergence amplitudes in the absence of monocular contours. These vergence amplitudes are not an artefact of monocular contours provided by the target borders or test instrument and are comparable in range to vergence amplitudes measured clinically with second degree fusion targets in an amblyoscope. We conclude that diplopia of monocularly recognisable contours is not necessary for producing fusional vergence amplitudes.

Convergence, Ocular↗
PubMed1985

Incidence of strabismus in neonates.

In an attempt to learn whether esotropia is present at birth or develops later in infancy, we observed 1,219 alert infants in a normal newborn nursery at a city hospital. Of these, 593 (48.6%) had orthotropic findings; 398 (32.7%) had exotropia, 40 (3.2%) had esotropia (intermittent in 17 with 14 varying between esotropia and exotropia and nine with a variable esotropia), and 188 (15.4%) were not sufficiently alert to permit classification. No infant displayed typical signs of congenital esotropia. We concluded that congenital-infantile esotropia is not connatal but rather develops in the first few weeks or months after birth.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed1985

Unilateral esotropia after enucleation in infancy.

Five patients developed esotropia in the remaining eye after unilateral enucleation in the first few weeks to months of life. Esotropia was associated with a face turn toward the opposite side and abduction nystagmus with a null point in extreme adduction. Our experience with these patients supports the reflexogenic theory for the development of a type of congenital-infantile esotropia. An intact globe-ocular muscle relationship, even in a blind eye, may have a stabilizing effect on the fellow eye in the first few weeks to months of life, and this should be considered before enucleation is done.

Cataract Extraction↗