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Biomedical subjects

F D Martinson

Publications and source records attributed to F D Martinson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

Nasopharyngeal cancer in Nigeria.

Nasopharyngeal cancer, once considered to be non-existent or rare in the African, is now accepted as being far from uncommon. Experience of this disease in Nigeria over a 15-year period is presented. As elsewhere there is a preponderance of males over females, but the peak age of incidence is lower than that observed in the Western world. Cancers of epithelial origin predominate. The commonest early sign of the disease is upper deep cervical adenopathy usually, but not always, with nasal and/or aural symptoms. Cranial nerve involvement has been observed early in about 30% of cases and occasionally this may be the only symptom or sign at first presentation and so may require a high index of suspicion to discover its origin. Viral, environmental and other possible etiological factors are considered. Delay in seeking or being referred for hospital treatment is common, and patients often present at such an advanced stage that only palliation can be offered. The cure and survival rates, not surprisingly, are low. Increasing awareness of the prevalence of the disease at all ages and alertness in recognizing its various presenting features are essential, as are early diagnosis and improved facilities for treatment. Elimination of suspected environmental and other controllable etiologies, and efforts to provide immunization against the viruses concerned are needed to help in reducing the incidence of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Olfactory neuroblastoma. A case report in an African child.

The case is described of an eight-year-old Nigerian boy who died from olfactory neuroblastoma which presented with nasal obstruction and epistaxis. Autopsy showed intracranial extension of the tumour into the frontal lobe, and histology revealed undifferentiated neuroblasts, forming rosettes in some areas and producing tangled neurofibrils in others. The histogenesis of the tumour and its diagnosis are briefly discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1978

Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma.

Three cases of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma have been described along with the histopathological findings, treatment and a brief review of the literature on the subject. It is of interest that one of these cases, histologically proven, was a female and this in spite of some rigidly held views about the strict sex linkage of the lesion. The tumour is uncommon but it is possible that unfamiliarity with the histopathology, as well as the likelihood of cessation of activity at any stage, may in part be responsible for its low recorded prevalence. The progress of each patient after four, two and one year respectively gives cause for some optimism, but the long-term prognosis must remain guarded.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Nervous system involvement in malignant tumours of the nose and paranasal sinuses.

One hundred and eighty-three cases with malignant tumours of the nose and paranasal sinuses have been studied retrospectively. Sixty-eight showed evidence of involvement of the central nervous system based on clinical findings, X-rays and findings on operation or autopsy. Among these, in thirty-six there was direct extension of the tumour through the base of the skull, commonly into the anterior cranial fossa. In seven there were metastatic deposits in the cranial bones. Twenty-seven presented with clinical features suggestive of involvement of the central nervous system.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1975

Otolaryngological complications of measles in West Africa.

In Nigeria as in West Africa generally measles is a serious condition with a high morbidity and mortality rate. Complications involve every section of Otolaryngology. Some of these are amenable to treatment by the otolaryngologist alone, while others need the skill of colleagues in other specialties. The irreversible neuro-audiological complications cause greatest concern to physician and parent and will continue to do so until the variety of available therapeutic, preventive and rehabilitative services are increased and improved.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1975

The Syndrome of Enlarged Vestibule and Dysplasia of the Lateral Semicircular Canal in Congenital Deafness.

A 5-year-old deaf-mute girl was shown on petrous bone tomography to have bilateral enlarged vestibules with assimilation of the lateral semicircular cannals, bilateral absence of the cochlea, aplasia of the left internal auditory canal with only the facial nerve compartment being present, and hypoplasia of the right internal auditory canal. The embryological basis of these inner ear abnormalities is discussed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1975

Tomography of the petrous bone in keratosis obturans.

Three cases of keratosis obturans, which were studied by tomography of the petrous temporal bone, are described. The widening of the deep bony part of the external auditory canal by pressure erosion of an impacted benign slowly-growing mass is the key radiological finding. Erosion was so severe as to involve the facial nerve canal in one and the temporo-madibular joint in two cases. The theories of causation are reviewed. Tomography using elliptical tube movement was valuable in diagnosis, pre- and post-operative management.

Adult↗