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Biomedical subjects

F D Moore

Publications and source records attributed to F D Moore.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Endocarditis with the indwelling balloon-tipped pulmonary artery catheter in burn patients.

The postmortem finding of acute right-sided bacterial endocarditis in a burn patient monitored with an indwelling pulmonary artery (Swan-Ganz) catheter for 14 days prompted a review of burn autopsies in which the catheter had been used. Autopsies of six consecutive burn patients monitored with a pulmonary artery catheter and who then died showed septic or aseptic endocarditis. In two of the six patients, right-sided staphylococcal endocarditis was the anatomic cause of death. In the remaining four, the lesions were aseptic thrombotic vegetations involving primarily the right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, and pulmonic valve. Several factors in the severely burned patient would favor endocarditis where a foreign object impacts on the heart valves. These include intermittent bacteremia, hypercoagulability, hyperdynamic cardiovascular function, and the use of antibiotics resulting in resistant strains. While an indwelling pulmonary artery catheter can provide useful monitoring information, it is sometimes responsible for serious complications in burned or septic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

An aggressive multimodality approach to locally advanced carcinoma of the breast.

In a series of patients who were not candidates for mastectomy because of locally advanced disease or distant metastases, or both, excellent local control was obtained by radiation therapy and systemic therapy in the form of oophorectomy-adrenalectomy and chemotherapy. Local control was obtained in 12 of 15 patients with metastatic disease by systemic therapy without radiation. The median disease-free survival time for patients with advanced Stage III carcinoma of the breast was significantly prolonged from 9.5 to 15 months by oophorectomy-adrenalectomy with chemotherapy, although there was no definable difference in the over-all survival period for the two groups.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1977

Intravenous amino acids as the sole nutritional substrate. Utilization and metabolism in fasting normal human subjects.

The fasting normal human volunteer subject provides an ideal experimental setting for the initial investigation of foodstuffs whose use is proposed for the acutely ill surgical patient. In the normal human subject many variables can be controlled; the achievement of an ideal body fuel economy is quite simple; if a favorable utilization of injected foodstuffs cannot be achieved in this setting, it is unlikely, and remains to be proven, that utilization will be satisfactory under the challenges of acute surgical trauma. In this experimental model, employing four normal human volunteer subjects, nutrition has been provided by the intravenous infusion of isotonic amino acids (FreAmine(R) II) at a 3.4% concentration. No other source of calories or nutrients was provided. In this setting, utilization was very poor; the subjects were in negative nitrogen balance throughout. The nitrogen excretion was significantly greater than the total of infused nitrogen. The changes in protein, fat and carbohydrate intermediates, as well as the alteration in hormone concentrations, suggest the following endocrine governance of fuel economy in this setting: a sharp rise in glucagon with maintenance of insulin concentration; rapid gluconeogenesis at the expense of both injected and endogenous amino acids; a progressive ketosis without any associated improvement in protein economy; fat oxidation to meet caloric need. The changes in plasma amino acid concentrations are of outstanding interest. They demonstrate changes appropriate to the infusion gradient with the exception of three amino acids whose concentrations did not respond to high infusate levels (serine, lysine, and alanine); likewise, by the fact that methionine rose remarkably though present in only low concentrations in the infusion. These data, taken with other information reported in the literature, as well as continuing studies in these laboratories, strongly suggest that the utilization of infused amino acids for protein synthesis is favored by the provision of an additional caloric source such as glucose.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Substrate interaction in intravenous feeding: comparative effects of carbohydrate and fat on amino acid utilization in fasting man.

Data are presented on the metabolic and endocrine effects of intravenous infusions in normal fasting man observed under highly controlled conditions over a period of six to eight days duration. There are comparative data on a variety of intravenous feeding programs. The data on total starvation are based on studies from the literature, some of which were carried out in this laboratory. The data on low dose glucose, high dose glucose, glycerol, fat emulsion, and amino acids, each given separately, demonstrate changes seen with simple infusion of a single substrate in fasting. These data are now compared with the utilization of amino acid infusions when accompanied by low dose glucose, high dose glucose, glycerol, and fat emulsion. In all, nine experimental intravenous feeding programs are presented, based on data from 35 subjects observed over a total of 370 subject-days. The findings show a strong interaction between glucose or lipid and protein metabolism. In fasting, glucose had protein sparing effect, most evident when given at high dose. Glycerol, in an amount equal to that contained in 2000 ml of ten per cent fat emulsion, had a mild protein sparing effect. Fat emulsion was no more effective. When amino acids were given alone, normal fasting human subjects were always in negative nitrogen balance with the daily nitrogen loss half that seen in starvation alone. Although amino acids given alone have a protein sparing effect, this is accomplished only at the expense of a high nitrogen excretion including an amount equivalent to the entire infusion plus an additional loss from the body's native proteins. The provision of energy yielding non-protein substrates with the amino acids markedly improved nitrogen economy in the following order: glycerol, low dose glucose, fat emulsion and high dose glucose. When caloric provision with glucose approached the isocaloric level for normal diet, the utilization of amino acids was maximized. When given with amino acids, fat emulsion was more effective than the available glycerol alone. THE ACCOMPANYING ENDOCRINE AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES SUGGEST THAT THE MILIEU FOR IDEAL UTILIZATION OF INFUSED AMINO ACIDS IS VARIABLE: ketones at low range (carbohydrate) or moderately elevated (fat emulsion); insulin elevated (carbohydrate) or unchanged (fat emulsion). The utilization of the infused amino acids was markedly improved in both endocrine settings, suggesting that it is the provision of energy as substrate as well as the endocrine setting that determines amino acid utilization. There were other changes in plasma intermediates, particularly fatty acids, glucose and urea, all consistent with the concept that when amino acids are given without other substrates, the amino acids must be maximally utilized for gluconeogenesis. When other substrates are provided (particularly glucose at high dose) then this mandate no longer exists and protein synthesis from the amino acids is favored. Several of the plasma amino acid concentrations responded to glucose when added to amino acid infusion. Amino acids alone produced increases in concentration of all the amino acids found in the infusion with the exception of alanine, arginine, and threonine. Many of these increases were abated by the addition of glucose to the amino acid infusion, suggesting an increased utilization rate. Glycerol and fat emulsion, while modulating increases in the plasma amino acid concentration, did so to a lesser extent than did glucose. This lowering of amino acid concentration was unaccompanied by an increase in urinary excretion. The assumption is therefore made that the provision of the added glucose favors the incorporation of amino acid into protein. There is no evidence from these data to suggest that a rising concentration of ketones in the blood favors amino acid utilization or protein synthesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Total body water and the exchangeable hydrogen. I. Theoretical calculation of nonaqueous exchangeable hydrogen in man.

A theoretical calculation of the total nonaqueous exchangeable hydrogen in protein, carbohydrates, and fat in man has been made. It shows that of the total exchangeable hydrogen in the body 5.22% is located in biochemical components, soluble in body water, containing hydrogen that is exchangeable with the isotope. This value represents a maximum upward distortion of total body water measurements by isotope dilution, due to the maximum possible exchangeability in these molecular conformations. From comparative measurements reported in the literature it is clear that this maximum is not achieved during the short period of time during which tritium-dilution studies are performed. It is the authors' belief that the hard-to-exchange amide hydrogens described by Blout in the protein conformations account for this failure of the isotope to achieve complete exchange in the short time allowed.

Body Water↗
PubMed1977

Total body water and the exchangeable hydrogen. II. A review of comparative data from animals based on isotope dilution and desiccation, with a report of new data from the rat.

Total body water (TBW) determination by tritium space could be factitiously elevated by exchangeable H+ contained within water-soluble chemical configurations. Should this nonaqueous (molecular) exchangeable H+ turn out to be a large fraction of total exchangeable H+, TBW measurement by tritiated water (THO) dilution would display a systematic upward and non-random error. TBW was measured by THO dilution and subsequently by total body desiccation in 21 rats (weight 227+/-83 g, mean+/-SD). TBW was 71.38+/-2.4% by THO dilution and 70.20+/-1.5% by body desiccation. Analysis of variance of TBW vs. body weight showed a highly significant correlation both with desiccation (P less than 0.0005, r=-0.78) and dilution (P less than 0.03, r= -0.50). Convariance analysis of both methods showed no difference in slope (P greater than 0.9). There was a difference in variance (P less than 0.001) and means (P less than 0.03). Tritium space is 1.2% of body weight larger than TBW measured by desiccation. TBW measured by THO dilution gives a 1.71% overestimation of TBW as measured by desiccation. TBW measurement by THO dilution is accurate within less than 2% error. These findings have particular significance in the light of our theoretical model of the total nonaqueous exchangeable H+ in fat, protein, and carbodhydrate in the living vertebrate.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Assessment of serial carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) assays in postoperative detection of recurrent colorectal cancer.

Monthly serial postoperative CEA determinations, three-monthly system review plus physical examination, and a battery of six-monthly laboratory and radiologic tests were compared in order to evaluate each in detection of recurrent colorectal cancer. Twelve of the 33 patients studied prospectively developed recurrent disease. In this study CEA was found not to be a substitute for careful clinical follow-up, but if used in a serial manner it was a useful adjunct for detection of early recurrent cancer, especially intra-hepatic and retroperitoneal disease recurring in patients with elevated pretreatment CEA levels. The other laboratory and radiologic tests employed were often useful to confirm progressing disease, but they did not reveal any first evidence of recurrent disease.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1976

La maladie post-operatoire: Is there order in variety? The six stimulus-response sequences.

The search for a unifying concept in all post-traumatic metabolism, symbolized by the phrase "la maladie post-operatoire" has been a fruitful one, not so much because of success, as through its very failure. There is such variety in convalescent patterns that it has made it essential for students of this subject to look more closely at the nature of the stimulus response patterns and bring sharply into focus those recurring phenomena whose mixture together determines the final clinical result. In this brief introductory paper six groups of stimulus-response patterns have been identified and analyzed. The clinician needs an understanding of these patterns in everything that he does for the patient, both within the operating room and on the ward. The student of surgery must make an effort to differentiate amongst the six stimulus-response patterns. If he fails to do so he will be analyzing all surgical recovery as falling under a single sequence, an error that has been all too frequent in the literature. There may be other stimulus response patterns of greater importance which will be added to the list presented here, as research in the coming decades increases our understanding of convalescent biology. This presentation will serve as an introduction to the other papers gathered in this symposium by Dr. Clowes, all of which cast further important light on the details of the stimulus and response in surgical metabolism.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1976

Manpower goals in American surgery. Implications for residency training. Future surgical manpower in the framework of total United States physicians.

Constraints on manpower are intrinsic in the establishment of standards of excellence. When such constraints are exerted by individual Boards, Societies, Colleges or Academies they should act to improve the quality of care; their weakness lies in their lack of control over non-members, or those who have failed to pass the examinations. Such manpower constraints become specific objectives or goals when the number of accredited specialists is specifically related to the size of the population served. Any such manpower planning must recognize the many uncertainties in the future of American medicine, and maintain wide elasticity in the planning process. Social and economic pressures render the consideration of specific manpower goals essential at this time. Data from the national surgical study (SOSSUS) make it possible to consider such goals. Manpower objectives for surgery or any other branch of medicine should be considered as a part of the total medical manpower outlook for the United States. Pressures to reduce the number of surgeons entering practice are notable at this time. These should be evaluated against other pressures to maintain or increase the number of hospital-based specialists in all fields as the total number of practitioners undergoes a major expansion over the next 25 years, and the pressure for specialty care is thereby increased. A reasonable balance between these two pressures would be a manpower goal for surgery that allowed a modest growth rate over the next 25-50 years. An example of such is the goal of limiting surgical practitioner growth to a 1% increase in the ratio to population, every 5 years. This would be in sharp contrast to the continuous explosive growth of numbers of surgeons, since World War II.

Certification↗