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Biomedical subjects

F D Stephens

Publications and source records attributed to F D Stephens.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

Cloacal exstrophy: a report of 34 cases.

A clinical review is presented on 34 patients with cloacal exstrophy who were seen between 1963 and 1986. The patients were separated into 2 main groups: classical cloacal exstrophy (type I) and variant cloacal exstrophy (type II). In the classical cases 3 surface patterns were recognized: A-hemibladders confluent cranial to the bowel, B-hemibladders lateral to the bowel and C-hemibladders confluent caudal to the bowel. Surgical reconstruction was performed in 24 patients, with a 50 per cent survival rate. However, there was marked improvement in survival from 22 per cent between 1963 and 1978 to 90 per cent between 1979 and 1986.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1987

Renal dysgenesis and cystic disease of the kidney: a report of the Committee on Terminology, Nomenclature and Classification, Section on Urology, American Academy of Pediatrics.

We believe that the confusion regarding abnormal renal development could be reduced by more precise terminology. Therefore, we suggest precise definitions for dysgenesis, hypoplasia, dysplasia, hypodysplasia, aplasia and agenesis of the kidney. We suggest the term reflux nephropathy be a generic label for any instance of abnormal renal morphology (gross or microscopic) associated with vesicoureteral reflux. Hypoplasia and hypodysplasia can be subclassified on the basis of associated urological criteria. There have been many previous attempts to classify cystic disease of the kidney but none has been accepted collectively by pathologists, urologists, nephrologists and radiologists. On the basis of known patterns of inheritance, a classification is outlined in which renal cystic disease is divided into 2 major groups: genetic and nongenetic. Each entity is discussed.

Classification↗
PubMed1986

Covered anus with anocutaneous fistula: the muscular sphincters.

A rare specimen of a covered anus with anocutaneous fistula obtained from a newborn female baby was subjected to macroexamination and microexamination to determine the anatomy of the sphincters and the levatores musculature. The internal sphincter and the deep voluntary sphincters, albeit slightly modified, were well developed but the sphincters in the perineum were absent or rudimentary. The pelvic muscles were present even in the absence of the sacrum up to and including the second sacral vertebra.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1986

The Mayer-Rokitansky syndrome: pathogenesis, classification and management.

Agenesis of the vagina in karyotypic female subjects may be accompanied by other defects of the urogenital system. We describe 8 cases that exemplify nearly all variants in the group of müllerian and renal anomalies that we identify as the Mayer-Rokitansky syndrome. We trace the association of system defects to errors of formation of the wolffian body. This structure is the progenitor of the gonad and wolffian duct, which although temporary in the female subject, gives rise to the ureter and is the path finder of the müllerian system. Errors of formation or premature atrophy of the wolffian duct, or intrinsic müllerian organizers lead to the array of anomalies in this syndrome. Vaginal agenesis was found to be associated with müllerian, renal or ovarian defects in numerous embryological combinations. We propose a müllerian classification, and describe the current diagnostic modalities and techniques of surgery.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1983

Supernumerary kidney.

We studied 58 case reports of patients with supernumerary kidneys to determine the morphology, vagaries and embryogenesis of this rare and poorly documented anomaly. The supernumerary kidney usually was located caudal to the ipsilateral kidney when subserved by a bifid ureter and cranially when the ureters were separate. The Weigert-Meyer law for duplex fused kidneys was obeyed by the supernumerary ureter in most fully documented cases of double ureters. Pathologic conditions of the upper urinary tract occurred in more than 50 per cent of the patients with a bifid system, who were prone to have hydronephrosis and calculous disease, and with a double system, who were prone to have complications resulting from supernumerary ureteral ectopia. Double tails to the nephrogenic cords, each induced by a branch of a bifid bud or by 1 of 2 separate buds as opposed to tandem inductions of a single metanephros, were regarded as the probable embryogenesis.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1983

Cowper's syringocele: a classification of dilatations of Cowper's gland duct based upon clinical characteristics of 8 boys.

Lesions of Cowper's gland duct assume various appearances. A system to classify each of these appearances is offered to diagnose these lesions more precisely. The urethrographic and endoscopic characteristics of dilated Cowper's gland ducts noted in 8 boys are grouped as a simple classification. The dilated Cowper's duct is referred to as a syringocele (Greek syringo--tube plus cele--swelling). There are 4 groups of Cowper's syringoceles: 1) simple syringocele--a minimally dilated duct, 2) perforate syringocele--a bulbous duct that drains into the urethra via a patulous ostium and appears as a diverticulum, 3) imperforate syringocele--a bulbous duct that resembles a submucosal cyst and appears as a radiolucent mass, and 4) ruptured syringocele--the fragile membrane that remains in the urethra after a dilated duct ruptures. Marsupialization of the syringoceles cured urine infection and hematuria but voiding symptoms may persist.

Adolescent↗