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Biomedical subjects

F Dati

Publications and source records attributed to F Dati.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Performance and biocompatibility of a new hemodialysis membrane.

Performance studies and investigations of the biocompatibility of a new hemodialysis membrane were conducted in patients being chronically hemodialyzed. The investigated polycarbonate membrane revealed a very satisfying performance with regard to clearance values and the ultrafiltration rate. The biocompatibility studies showed a significant leukopenia and an increase of C5a, platelet factor 4 and granulocyte elastase. Thrombocytes and C3d remained unchanged. Long-term studies have to confirm whether or not the new membrane is more biocompatible, a suggestion which could be advanced, as no febrile episodes were observed during any treatment, a finding which is not typical for Cuprophan hemodialysis.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1986

[New approaches to electronic data processing in clinical evaluation of coagulation diagnosis].

The present paper describes several possibilities of electronic data processing (EDP) in clinical evaluation of new diagnostic reagents for coagulation. In order to evaluate two novel assays for determination of prothrombin time (PT) new statistical and graphical methods were developed and tested for their practicability. These methods are especially useful for establishing reference curves, for checking the characteristics of new PT reagents, for determining the "International Sensitivity Index" of each lot of reagents and of the specific therapeutic range for oral anticoagulation as well as for testing the comparability with other PT reagents. The results show that the statistical and graphical methods have proved their usefulness for clinical evaluation of new PT methods and that there might be further applications for such methods in comparison tests of similar coagulation assays.

Blood Coagulation Tests↗
PubMed1986

[Methodological aspects of the photometric determination of prothrombin time using chromogenic substrates].

A method for photometric determination of prothrombin time (PT) with a chromogenic peptide as substrate is described. The reagent contains human placental thromboplastin, a chromogenic substrate, calcium, a heparin antagonist and buffer. The new prothrombin time method has been calibrated against international reference preparations for thromboplastin. The reagent is sensitive to deficiency of all coagulation factors of the extrinsic pathway. However, it is not sensitive for heparin up to 1 IU/ml. The precision of this fast and simple method is comparable to that of mechanised assays for clinical chemistry.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMed1986

Serum immunoreactive pancreatic lipase and cationic trypsinogen for the assessment of exocrine pancreatic function in older patients with cystic fibrosis.

Indirect and qualitative tests of pancreatic function are commonly used to screen patients with cystic fibrosis for pancreatic insufficiency. In an attempt to develop a more quantitative assessment, we compared the usefulness of measuring serum pancreatic lipase using a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent immunoassay with that of cationic trypsinogen using a radioimmunoassay in the assessment of exocrine pancreatic function in patients with cystic fibrosis. Previously, we have shown neither lipase nor trypsinogen to be of use in assessing pancreatic function prior to 5 years of age because the majority of patients with cystic fibrosis in early infancy have elevated serum levels regardless of pancreatic function. Therefore, we studied 77 patients with cystic fibrosis older than 5 years of age, 41 with steatorrhea and 36 without steatorrhea. In addition, 28 of 77 patients consented to undergo a quantitative pancreatic stimulation test. There was a significant difference between the steatorrheic and nonsteatorrheic patients with the steatorrheic group having lower lipase and trypsinogen values than the nonsteatorrheic group (P less than .001). Sensitivities and specificities in detecting steatorrhea were 95% and 86%, respectively, for lipase and 93% and 92%, respectively, for trypsinogen. No correlations were found between the serum levels of lipase and trypsinogen and their respective duodenal concentrations because of abnormally high serum levels of both enzymes found in some nonsteatorrheic patients. We conclude from this study that both serum lipase and trypsinogen levels accurately detect steatorrhea in patients with cystic fibrosis who are older than 5 years but are imprecise indicators of specific pancreatic exocrine function above the level needed for normal fat absorption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Clinical relevance of immunochemical determination of pancreatic lipase in chronic pancreatitis].

The determination of basal pancreatic serum enzymes is of little value in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. The organ specificity of a recently introduced immunochemical method of determining pancreatic lipase is guaranteed. The diagnostic value of the basal and stimulated serum-lipase determination by the immunochemical assay in chronic pancreatitis was investigated on 84 patients and controls. In 46 patients with chronic pancreatitis the serum increase of pancreatic lipase after secretin stimulation (1 U/kg) was significantly (P less than 0.01) higher than the pancreatic lipase increase in patients with non-pancreatic intestinal disorders and in healthy controls. Patients with chronic pancreatitis deserve to be classified in subgroups, according to the degree of the exocrine pancreatic insufficiency established by means of the secretin-ceruletide test. Of the patients with chronic pancreatitis and a slight to moderate exocrine pancreatic insufficiency 87% show an abnormal serum pancreatic-lipase increase and differ significantly (P less than 0.01) from patients with severe exocrine insufficiency who exhibit an increase of the pancreatic serum lipase only in exceptional cases. Specificity is limited, since an abnormal serum lipase increase after stimulation is found in 20% of controls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Decreased levels of alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein in children with protein-energy-malnutrition.

Serum levels of alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein were determined in ten marasmic children without infections and 14 non-infected children with kwashiorkor. The results obtained were compared with those of 16 non-infected well-nourished children of the same age and sex. No significant difference could be found between the two groups of children with protein-energy-malnutrition (PEM). Well-nourished children however had significantly higher levels than the PEM children. The reduced serum levels of this glycoprotein in PEM children could indicate disturbance of bone minerilisation, leading to stunted growth, and contribute to impairment of defence ability in these children.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1985

Age-related alterations in immunoreactive pancreatic lipase and cationic trypsinogen in young children with cystic fibrosis.

Serum immunoreactive pancreatic lipase and cationic trypsinogen are elevated in young infants with cystic fibrosis (CF) and may be useful neonatal screening tests for CF. We compared lipase measured by a recently developed ELISA immunoassay with trypsinogen measured by radioimmunoassay in 70 children (ages 0.1 to 9.9 years) with CF who had various degrees of pancreatic dysfunction and in 79 similarly aged children without CF (controls). In the control children, lipase activity increased with advancing age, whereas trypsinogen showed no age-related trend. Lipase and trypsinogen were significantly elevated in the infants with CF who were younger than 1 year, irrespective of pancreatic function (trypsinogen, P less than 0.001; lipase, P less than 0.05). Sensitivities in detecting CF were 76% and 90% for lipase and trypsinogen, respectively. After the first year of life, lipase and trypsinogen values declined toward normal, the rate of decline of lipase being greater than that of trypsinogen; 67% of lipase values were within or below the normal range by 3 years, whereas 67% of trypsinogen values continued to be elevated. We conclude that trypsinogen is an excellent screening test for CF in young infants regardless of pancreatic function, and that the addition of a serum pancreatic lipase determination does not improve the accuracy of trypsinogen as a screening test for cystic fibrosis.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Immunochemical qualitative latex agglutination test for pancreatic lipase in serum evaluated for use in diagnosis of acute pancreatitis.

In 417 patients (213 men, 204 women) consecutively hospitalized with acute abdominal pain we evaluated the clinical usefulness of a latex-agglutination test at admission to screen for concentrations of pancreatic lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) in serum greater than 300 micrograms/L. The diagnoses of acute pancreatitis (in 25 patients, 6%) and other diseases were made without knowledge of the results of the latex test or of quantification of pancreatic lipase in the serum by enzyme immunoassay. In the latex assay, when agglutination was taken as a positive test for acute pancreatitis, we found a diagnostic efficiency of 0.986 (95% confidence limits: 0.971-0.997) for acute pancreatitis. The predictive value of a positive latex test result with respect to acute pancreatitis was 0.807 (0.625-0.926); the predictive value of a negative test was 1.000 (0.991-1.000). Six patients had false-positive test results. No false-negative test results were found by enzyme immunoassay. We conclude that the latex agglutination test is useful as an emergency test for diagnosis of acute pancreatitis in patients with acute abdominal pain; negative results virtually exclude acute pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Determination of the stage of gestation by the assay of chorionic gonadotrophin and Schwangerschaftsprotein 1.

Serial assays of Schwangerschaftsprotein 1 (SP1), SP1 alpha, SP1 beta and human chorionic gonadotrophin were performed in 12 subjects from ovulation until the pregnancies had reached 16 weeks. From these data formulae were devised for deducing the stage of gestation from the concentration of the placental protein. These formulae were then tested by assays on 34 women not included in the original study. Assays of hCG do not give reliable indications of the stage of gestation when this has progressed beyond 9-10 weeks but SP1 assays give predictions of gestation corresponding closely to that derived from the last menstrual period up to 16 weeks gestation.

Chorionic Gonadotropin↗
PubMed1982

[Correlations between lipoproteins and glycosylated hemoglobins in juvenile diabetes mellitus (author's transl)].

Based upon a 3-week observation at a summer camp for diabetic children whose medical therapy, metabolic rate, diet, physical exercise and special training could be closely monitored, the following parameters were measured at the beginning and at the end: In whole blood and young erythrocytes HbA1, in serum triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, as well as apolipoprotein A and B. From these data, the LDL-cholesterol and the atherosclerosis indices (LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A) were determined. The following results were obtained: the parameters of lipid-metabolism recognized as risk factors for vascular complications such as triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B, were the same as those obtained from a control group of healthy children in the same age. Using HbA1 as the basis for the observations, the risk factors were reduced by normalisation of glucose metabolism. On the other hand, the apolipoprotein A and HDL-cholesterol, well known as protective factors against atherosclerosis, are higher than in the control group and show a further increase with metabolic normalisation. The conclusion is: If medical therapy, metabolic rate, diet, physical exercise and special training are better controlled, the risk of diabetes developing macroangiopathy can be diminished.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[A highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay for the determination of pancreatic lipase].

A highly sensitive and specific enzyme immunoassay for the determination of pancreatic lipase is described. The test follows the sandwich principle; total incubation time is 4.5 hours at 20--25 degrees C. Lipase concentrations between 3 and 300 micrograms/1 can be quantified (sample dilution 1 + 10); the lower detection limit is 0.3 micrograms/1 (sample dilution 1 + 1). Coefficients of variation from 2.9 to 6.5% for the in batch precision, and from 4.4 to 10.5% for the day-to day precision were found. A reference range from 7.7 to 56 micrograms/1 was calculated from the lipase concentrations in 369 serum samples from healthy adults (2.5 th--97.5 th percentile, median 23 micrograms/1). Very low concentrations were found in cord blood (median 2.8 micrograms/1). The lipase level remains quite constant between the ages of 3 and 50 years (median 15--20 micrograms/1); at the age of 70 years a median of 26 micrograms/1 is reached.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Enzyme immunoassay for the prostate-specific acid phosphatase (E. C. 3.1.3.2).

The clinical application of enzyme immunoassay for the determination of the prostate-specific acid phosphatase is reported. 227 sera were investigated in the diagnosis as well as in tumour monitoring and a good correlation with the clinical stage was found. In prostatic carcinomas 5 of 13 with stage T1, 11 or 12 patients with stage T2, 16 of 16 patients with T3 and 19 of 19 patients with stage T4 disease had values above 1 ng/ml. In prostatic adenomas (n = 69) in prostatitis (n = 40) and in other carcinomas of the urogenital tract (n = 28), renal carcinomas, carcinomas of the bladder and the penis) the values of the prostate-specific acid phosphatase measured by the enzyme immunoassay 131 of 137 were under 1 ng/ml. A comparison of random samples with the radioimmunoassay for this enzyme showed good correlation.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1981

[The early diagnosis of pregnancy by the enzyme immunoassay of beta-1-glycoprotein (sp1) (author's transl)].

The enzyme immunologic determination of SP1 in the serum is suitable for the early diagnosis of pregnancy from 14 days after ovulation onwards. In the control group of 64 non-pregnant and of healthy men no SP1 was detected in the serum. At least six weeks after the cessation of trophoblast activity SP1 can still be detected in the serum. The enzyme immunoassay technique of SP1 in the serum has a high sensitivity of 1 ng/SP1/ml serum and a short measuring time of 2 1/2-4 hours. This test is therefore excellent for the early diagnosis of pregnancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Diagnosis and follow-up of prostatic cancer using an enzyme immunoassay for prostate-specific acid phosphatase].

The clinical application of an enzyme-immunoassay for the determination of the prostate-specific acid phosphatase is reported. By this method 615 plasma probes of patients with prostata adenoma, prostatitis, prostatic cancer and other urological cancer were investigated. Whereas the enzyme-immunoassay showed good correlation with the follow-up of prostatic cancer especially when metastases grow on, the test is not yet sensitive enough to find out early prostatic cancer with reliable accuracy.

Acid Phosphatase↗