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Biomedical subjects

F E Barton

Publications and source records attributed to F E Barton.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Analysis of sticky cotton by near-infrared spectroscopy.

"Stickiness" in cotton is a major problem affecting throughput in cotton gins and spinning mills alike. Stickiness is thought to be caused by the deposition of sugars by insects, principally aphid and whitefly, on the open boll. Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy was used to develop models for sugar content from high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), thermodetector, and mini-card data. A total of 457 cotton samples were selected to represent both Upland and Pima varieties and cotton processing before and after ginning. The Unscrambler was used to develop the models. A successful model was made to determine the mini-card value and successfully detect "stickiness". The standard error of cross-validation (SECv) was 0.26 with an R2 of 0.96. The model was not improved by increasing the range of "stickiness" as measured by the mini-card from the usual 0-3 scale to a scale of 0-8. If a value is determined to be greater than 1 it will be difficult to blend bales at a spinning plant "opening line" to allow for maximum efficiency of spinning.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMed2002

Analysis of fiber content in flax stems by near-infrared spectroscopy.

The conventional means of measuring the fiber content of flax is time-consuming and laborious, and the results obtained vary with the analysis technique used. The plant tissues must first be "retted", a process by which the fibers are separated from the rest of the stem, either by indigenous organisms in the soil when the stems are left in the field or by water (anerobic bacteria) or enzymatic retting. The fiber content is then determined by mechanical or manual separation. In this study, fiber content of flax stems was measured rapidly and objectively by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) using whole pieces of stem in a large cell, in reflectance mode. Compared to the conventional method, the standard error of performance of the NIRS method was between 0.96 and 1.45% (dry matter basis), depending on the model and data processing used. NIRS calibrations were generated by hand separation of fiber from water-retted specimens. The water retting procedure takes several days to complete and requires considerable trained labor to complete the hand separation step. The NIRS procedure was conducted on pieces of stem to simulate measurement in the field.

Flax↗
PubMed2000

Optimizing breast pocket irrigation: an in vitro study and clinical implications.

Subclinical infections have been implicated in the etiology of capsular contracture. Intraoperatively, breast pocket irrigation with povidone-iodine or other antibiotic solutions has been popularized; however, detrimental effects on wound healing for these agents have been reported and their efficacy against common organisms found around breast implants has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro efficacy of serial dilutions of povidone-iodine and two double antibiotic solutions DAB-1 (gentamicin/polymyxin B) and DAB-2 (gentamicin/cefazolin), against organisms most commonly found around breast implants. In phase I trials, serial dilutions of povidone-iodine and DAB were combined 1:1 with cultures of five common organisms found around implants. In phase II, povidone-iodine was serially diluted in DAB-1 rather than saline. In phase III, povidone-iodine was serially diluted with DAB-2. Efficacy for all phases was determined by plating the mixture onto agar plates and incubating at 37 degrees C for 48 hours. Povidone-iodine was 100 percent effective at a dilution of 12.5% against Staphylococcus epidermidis and 25% against Staphylococcus aureus but relatively ineffective against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas, DAB-1 was found to be ineffective against S. epidermidis but effective against S. aureus, Propionibacterium acnes, E. coli, and Pseudomonas. In phase II trials, a concentration of 12.5% povidone-iodine in DAB was effective at killing all experimental bacteria. In phase III trials, 10% povidone-iodine in DAB-2 was effective at killing all bacteria tested. In conclusion, to maximize bacterial control of common breast implant organisms and to minimize the detrimental effects on wound healing, 10% povidone-iodine in gentamycin/cefazolin may be used with excellent results and its use clinically may reduce the incidence of capsular contracture.

Breast Implantation↗
PubMed1999

Long-term assessment of CO2 facial laser resurfacing: aesthetic results and complications.

Several series have documented the ability of the carbon dioxide laser to smooth facial rhytids; however, follow-up has been limited to several months. Since 1995, more than 600 full or partial facial resurfacings were performed with the pulsed CO2 laser. To assess the long-term efficacy and safety of this procedure, the results of 211 resurfacings were retrospectively reviewed using a custom-designed database. Variables that were input included patient demographics, Fitzpatrick skin type, smoking history, prior and concurrent facial procedures, laser pass data, and postoperative complications. Short and long-term aesthetic results were graded by a blinded panel of plastic surgery reviewers (none of whom performed the laser resurfacing) using a standardized photographic rhytid scale. For each facial region, this scale consisted of eight high-resolution photographs depicting increasingly severe wrinkling. Facial rhytids were almost completely ablated at the 3 and 6 month follow-up. Some relapse was seen at 1 year, but the overall aesthetic result remained very good. Regions with dynamic rhytids (e.g., the perioral region) showed more recurrence. The best and most durable results were seen in the cheeks. Infection and scleral show each occurred in 13 patients (6 percent). Forty-five patients (21 percent) developed postprocedure hyperpigmentation, but the overwhelming majority of this group were treated before our postoperative antipigment regimen. Hypopigmentation was noted in 17 patients (8 percent) in this early follow-up group. Two patients (1 percent) developed postoperative scarring. It is hoped that these data will serve to provide additional information on the long-term results of laserbrasion.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Management and prevention of lumbar herniation following a latissimus dorsi flap.

Lumbar herniation is a rare complication of flank surgery. We present a case of lumbar herniation that followed the mobilization of a latissimus dorsi flap for breast reconstruction. This is an unusual complication, which, to our knowledge, has only been presented twice in the literature. The roles of computed tomography for diagnosis and synthetic mesh for repair are discussed. The anatomy of the lumbar region is reviewed, and preventative measures are discussed.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1997

Anatomy of the nasolabial fold.

An anatomical evaluation involving the nasolabial fold was performed on three fresh cadavers. Both gross and histologic analyses were made. The mimetic muscles were noted to have dermal extensions to the skin overlying the nasolabial fold. The dynamics of these mimetic muscles were evaluated subsequently in the clinical setting. Marked dimples and contour irregularities could be elicited by selectively contracting these muscles. Our findings suggest that it may be possible to improve the contour over the nasolabial fold during rhytidectomy procedures by severing the dermal extensions of the mimetic muscles along the nasolabial fold. This may allow better gliding of the skin and subcutaneous tissue over the nasolabial fold, thereby resulting in a smoother crease.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Direct fixation of the malar pad.

In most patients, the upper portion of the subcutaneous fatty mass--the malar pad--is modest in size and only moderately displaced inferiorly. Mobilization of the malar pad together with the ovelying skin flap achieves a pleasing result in these cases. Occasionally a patient will present with very prominent and ptotic malar fat pads and deep nasolabial folds that cannot be adequately addressed by existing methods. This article describes a technique of malar pad suspension by direct suturing that preserves the blood supply to the pad while placing it in a higher, more aesthetic position.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1992

Rhytidectomy and the nasolabial fold.

I describe a technical modification in the Skoog face lift procedure that releases the deep attachments of the SMAS to the muscles of facial expression for maximal mobility of the medial cheek yet elevates the cheek flap as a composite of skin, subcutaneous tissue, and SMAS to enhance skin perfusion. My results with the procedure in 100 patients are analyzed by using functional zones of the nasolabial fold corresponding to underlying musculature and a simple grading system based on preoperative and postoperative photographs. Marked improvement in the nasolabial fold was noted in over 80 percent of patients by 6 and 12 months postoperatively. This effect seemed to last up to 4 years.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

The periorbital dissection in rhytidectomy. How deep?

In the classic rhytidectomy procedure, upward and lateral progress of the skin is hindered by strong fascial attachments of the SMAS to the zygoma. To counteract these tethers, surgeons can go below them in a subperiosteal dissection or above them by dissecting subcutaneously. The author believes a superficial approach to the periorbital area is safer and simpler than a subperiosteal dissection and permits a similar amount of skin advancement.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The SMAS and the nasolabial fold.

In a series of histologic sections and clinical and cadaver dissections, the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) is seen to become the investing fascia of the zygomaticus major and minor muscles in the medial cheek. The pull on the cheek flap during rhytidectomy is diffused by the attachment of the SMAS to these muscles. I believe that this attachment accounts for the minimal change in the nasolabial crease after a Skoog-type sub-SMAS face lift.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1991

Glandular excision in total glandular mastectomy and modified radical mastectomy: a comparison.

Total glandular mastectomy and modified radical mastectomy were compared for the amount of breast tissue remaining after surgery. Multiple biopsies were taken from the anterior chest walls of women following total glandular mastectomy (N = 27) and modified radical mastectomy (N = 28) to try to detect any residual glandular tissue. Regardless of procedure performed, breast tissue was identified histologically in 5 percent of all biopsy specimens (159 and 161, respectively). One of every five operative fields was shown to have glandular elements in at least one of the biopsy sites; the positive biopsies did not form a discernible pattern. The residual breast tissue in each of these patients averaged less than 1 gm. On the basis of this study, modified radical mastectomy and total glandular mastectomy appear to be equally effective in removing most of the breast.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1988

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy for predicting intake of digestible organic matter by cattle.

The near infrared reflectance spectra of 15 forages and the first and second derivatives of those spectra were examined for variations that would relate to measures of forage quality and animal performance. Strong relationships between second derivative values and protein, NDF, ADF, and digestible DM were found at wavelengths reported previously as well as at other wavelengths. Error mean squares for simple regressions were similar to those previously reported for multiple wavelength regressions. The more important measures of forage quality, digestible organic matter intake and average daily body weight gain, were each highly correlated with second derivative values at 1696 and 2298 nm (r greater than /.91/). Second derivatives at 1696 and 2298 nm were also correlated (r greater than /.95/) with ADF and protein, respectively. The evidence suggests a biological basis for the estimation of digestible organic matter intake from near infrared reflectance spectroscopy spectra.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1988

Aesthetic aspects of nasal reconstruction.

Reconstructive nasal surgery aims not just to rebuild a nose or part of a nose, but to blend and tailor the new and old tissues in such a way as to create a nearly ideal shape that is likely to be an improvement on the original. The challenge of the reconstruction is enhanced by the complexity of the defect. Differences in color, texture, and thickness between the nasal remnants and the sources of skin available for the reconstruction impose aesthetic limits that are often difficult to overcome.

Esthetics↗
PubMed1987

Anatomy of the subcutaneous tissue of the trunk and lower extremity.

Dissections on 8 fresh and 10 embalmed cadavers were used to determine the anatomy of the subcutaneous adipose tissue in the trunk and extremities. These dissections, along with CT scans, confirmed Gray's original description of the subcutaneous tissue consisting of a superficial and deep adipose layer. The superficial adipose layer is contained within organized, compact fascial septa. The deep adipose layer demonstrated regional variations with respect to its fascial framework, but was contained within a relatively loose, less organized, and more widely spaced fascial septa. We observed that the adipose layers are partitioned by a discrete subcutaneous fascia which fuses with the underlying muscle fascia at particular anatomic locations. The deep layer is thus contained by the subcutaneous fascia above and the muscle fascia below to form what we termed the deep adipose compartments. The deep adipose compartments contributed significantly to overall adipose thickness, are bilateral, and are found in the abdomen and paralumbar and gluteal-thigh regions.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1983

Head and neck reconstruction with the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap: anatomic observations and report of 60 cases.

The latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap can be employed successfully in head and neck reconstruction when the size or nature of the defect precludes the use of local or regional flaps. Generous amounts of hairless skin and muscle may be transferred in one operative procedure while producing an acceptable donor defect. Certain measures may be taken to enhance dependability of the flap and minimize complications, and these are discussed. The Doppler flowmeter is helpful in ascertaining patency of the main-flap vessels preoperatively as well as in identifying specific cutaneous perforators for accurate placement of the island. Locating the paddle two-thirds of the way down the muscle ensures adequate blood supply and sufficient pedicle length for most defects between the thoracic outlet and the roof of the orbits.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Rumen microbial attachment and degradation of plant cell walls.

The plant cell wall of forages is a complex entity of cellulose fibers found in a matrix of hemicellulose and pectins. Different microbial types including bacteria, protozoa, and fungi associate with plant cell walls during incubation with rumen fluid. Bacteria, the major degraders of the forage cell wall, often firmly attach to the forage cell wall before digestion. Encapsulated cocci and irregularly shaped or pleomorphic bacteria are the predominant types of bacteria that adhere to and degrade cell walls. Although certain bacterial types adhere to particular forages, no consistent association was found between digestibility and the type of adhering bacteria. Bacteria adhere to the more rigid forage cell walls and adhere, or are close to, the more easily degraded cell walls. Tissues delignified with potassium permanganate or treated with sodium hydroxide (to improve forage digestibility) show a loss of electron denseness. These tissues separate into individual cells, which at times appear as microfibrils in the cell walls. Research is needed on forages of higher fiber content to mitigate the barriers that limit the attack on forage cell walls by rumen microorganisms.

Animals↗