Toxic shock syndrome in a 6-year-old girl. A case report and review.
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Child↗
Biomedical subjects
F E Berkowitz
Publications and source records attributed to F E Berkowitz.
Acinetobacter meningitis - a diagnostic pitfall. A report of 3 cases.
Three fatal cases of meningitis caused by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratus are reported, 1 in a premature infant who was being artificially ventilated and 2 in adults who had had neurosurgical operations. The microscopic resemblance of this organism to Neisseria meningitidis is high-lighted and the problems of antimicrobial therapy are discussed.
Acinetobacter↗
Variance in rotavirus infection rates in different urban population groups in South Africa.
Rotavirus infection in black infants contrasts markedly with that of white infants in being much less common and showing no seasonal variation. In this multicentre study in Johannesburg, the aetiology of winter infantile gastroenteritis in black, coloured, and white infants was investigated. Stools were examined by electron microscopy and also by enzyme-immunoassay to detect subparticular antigen which may be missed by electron microscopy in patients presenting late in the course of the illness. Stools were also examined bacteriologically by conventional techniques. Rotavirus was the most common pathogen in all three population groups with bacteria playing a relatively minor role. Striking differences were observed in the rotavirus rates between the three groups. Infection in the whites was five times more common than in the blacks (60% versus 12%) with the coloureds intermediate at 40%. The hypothesis was put forward that the relative protection of the black population may be due to a greater degree of colonization of neonates, thus inducing protection against symptomatic infection at the target age of 6 to 24 months. This may well have important implications in immunoprophylaxis. The reason for the lack of seasonal variation in the black population is still unclear.
Animals↗
Pneumococcal bacteraemia--a study of 75 black children.
Seventy-five black children from 0 to ten years old with pneumococcal bacteraemia, who were hospitalized during a one-year period, were studied retrospectively from case records. Half the children were under one year and 68% under two years of age. Sixty-seven per cent were malnourished, 34% severely so. The overall case-fatality-rate was 26.7% being highest in children presenting in autumn (52.4%) and in those with meningitis (54.5%), severe protein-calorie malnutrition (42.8%) or associated infections (61.5%). Host defences against the pneumococcus are discussed, especially in relation to their deficiencies in malnourished and young children. Special mention is made of early-onset neonatal sepsis due to the pneumococcus and of the association between pneumococcal bacteraemia and acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. This study indicates that pneumococcal bacteraemia is a serious infection in children, especially in those with malnutrition and other infections. In view of the emergence of penicillin-resistant strains, its treatment may become more difficult in the future.
Black or African American↗
Fetal malformation due to phenobarbitone. A case report.
A child with facial and digital anomalies and mental retardation after exposure to phenobarbitone during gestation is presented. The teratogenicity of anticonvulsants, including phenobarbitone, is discussed, and guidelines for anticonvulsant therapy during pregnancy are suggested.
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
Glue-sniffing in a young child.
A case of cerebral depression due to glue-sniffing in a 4-year-old child is presented. This practice, which is confined mainly to older children and teenagers who are socially or emotionally deprived, can have fatal complications.
Child, Preschool↗
Hemolysis and infection: categories and mechanisms of their interrelationship.
Different cause-and-effect relationships between hemolytic and infectious processes are categorized in a clinically useful manner as follows: infections causing hemolysis by invasion of red blood cells (RBCs), by hemolysins, or by immune mechanisms; oxidative damage to RBCs during infections; hemolysis secondary to infection-induced pathologic processes; hemolytic effects of antimicrobial therapy; and predisposition of an individual to infection caused by an underlying hemolytic disorder or therapy for that disorder. The mechanisms of these interrelationships are discussed in detail.
Anemia, Hemolytic↗