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Biomedical subjects

F Elahi

Publications and source records attributed to F Elahi.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Wegener's granulomatosis: a rare, chronic and multisystem disease.

Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is an autoimmune disease which has a clinical predilection for the upper airways, lungs and kidneys. It is a necrotising granulomatous vasculitis which is associated with a distinct autoantibody--the antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA). A heightened index of suspicion by clinicians is needed in the diagnosis of this complex and rare condition. A multidisciplinary approach should then be used to treat this chronic multisystem disease. Treatment involves the use of various regimens of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive medication. Mortality due to WG has been significantly decreased by this therapy. In this article, we focus on clinical manifestations and review the salient histologic, laboratory and serologic features and treatment.

Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic↗
PubMed2006

Laryngopharyngeal reflux: A literature review.

Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) is a common condition encountered in otolaryngological practice in the United Kingdom. It is one of the most important aetiological factors for many inflammatory disorders of the upper aerodigestive tract. The presentations are diverse and include chronic hoarseness, sensation of a foreign body in the throat, sore throat, dysphagia, postnasal drip, excessive throat mucous, chronic cough and throat clearing. LPR patients may not complain of heartburn. Although LPR is common, its diagnosis may not be easy, as its symptoms are non specific and the laryngeal findings are not always associated with symptom severity. This article discusses an overall view of LPR in terms of pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2000

Paclitaxel-containing high-dose chemotherapy in high-risk breast cancer patients.

Despite standard-dose adjuvant chemotherapy, the prognosis for patients with breast cancer and extensive axillary lymph node involvement at diagnosis is poor. The efficacy of a paclitaxel-containing, high-dose chemotherapy protocol in 21 high-risk breast cancer patients is assessed. After standard-dose chemotherapy followed by peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization, high-dose therapy with paclitaxel, carboplatin, and cyclophosphamide and CD34-selected PBSC rescue was given. Hematologic reconstitution after high-dose therapy was rapid. Main toxicity included diarrhea grade I or II in about half of the patients and infections were observed in 19%. Five-year probabilities for relapse and failure-free survival were 32% and 62%, respectively. High-dose consolidation with paclitaxel, carboplatin, and cyclophosphamide achieves a high failure-free survival in patients with high-risk breast cancer with acceptable toxicities and stable, long-term hematopoietic reconstitution. Evaluation of the benefit of high-dose therapy in these patients in larger prospective, randomized trials is warranted and currently under way.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Bleeding and thrombosis in 55 patients with inherited afibrinogenaemia.

Knowledge of the spectrum of symptoms in patients with inherited afibrinogenaemia is limited by the rarity of this coagulation defect. We compared a large series of 55 afibrinogenaemic patients from Iran with 100 patients with severe factor VIII deficiency. In afibrinogenaemia there was a higher frequency of mucosal-type bleeding symptoms but joint and muscle bleeding was less frequent and severe than in haemophilia. Umbilical cord bleeding was relatively frequent only in afibrinogenaemic patients. Two young patients developed spontaneous thrombotic episodes and three women had recurrent abortions. Overall, in afibrinogenaemia bleeding symptoms are qualitatively different and less severe than in haemophilia. Afibrinogenaemia can also be accompanied by thrombotic manifestations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Paediatric hearing loss in rural Pakistan.

OBJECTIVE: The present study was designed to generate population-based data on the prevalence and causes of hearing loss in rural Pakistani children. A community screening programme was utilized to identify and evaluate the hearing impaired. METHODS: The study was performed in conjunction with the Ministry of Population Welfare in Sialkot District, Punjab Province. School-aged children between the ages of 5 and 15 years were screened and examined for hearing impairment according to World Health Organization (WHO) protocols. Case-control analysis of audiometric, physical examination, and risk factors for hearing loss were performed, followed by chi-square analyses. RESULTS: A total of 607 children comprised the study population, with an overall point prevalence of hearing impairment of 7.9%. Fifty percent of all hearing loss was conductive in nature, amenable to either medical or surgical therapy. The risk factors most associated with conductive hearing loss were otorrhea and multiple ear infections greater than 5. In cases of severe hearing loss, 70% were the result of consanguinous marriages. Almost no cases of hearing loss were attributable to measles, mumps, rubella, and the TORCH infections. CONCLUSION: This study has generated some badly needed population-based data on the magnitude of the problem of hearing loss in rural Pakistan. It is hoped that the results of this work will stress the importance of hearing health in Pakistan and to encourage other professionals to pursue similar projects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

The diploma in family medicine examination; a scientific exercise.

The Diploma in Family Medicine (DFM) Examination is a new certification offered by the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Pakistan, and its Department of Medical Education designed a scientific examination. First, the Expert Advisory Committee for Family Medicine was formed, relevant training objectives were determined, a training programme to achieve the objectives was designed and a valid syllabus was chosen. Then the examination was designed, where the candidates must pass the objective theory papers before taking the clinical examination. The clinical examination consisted of an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) and traditional case presentations. The candidates had to pass each of the components, and attain an overall aggregate of 60%. In the first six examinations, 752 candidates sat for the theory examinations, 332 (44.14%) were eligible for the clinical examination, and 170 (23%) passed. If 60% marks obtained in case presentations is taken as the gold standard which is the current CPSP policy and compared to OSCE marks, then 75% marks in OSCE had a sensitivity of 67% and a specificity of 79%.

Certification↗
PubMed1988

Modification of the Recalde method for the isolation of human monocytes.

A modification of the method for monocyte isolation reported by Recalde (1984. J. Immunol. Methods. 69: 71-77) is described. Application of the modified method to 36 consecutive healthy adult donors gave a monocyte purity of 73 +/- 8% monocytes with less than 1% polymorphonuclear leukocytes and a yield of 3.44 +/- 0.93 x 10(5) monocytes/ml blood. While the monocyte purity of the modified Recalde method was lower than that obtained by elutriation (method BB in Fogelman et al. 1981. J. Lipid Res. 22: 1131-1141) in 15 donors (71 +/- 10% vs. 83 +/- 6%) the monocyte yield and the viability of the cells before and after culture were similar in both methods. The modified Recalde method does not require the expensive or complicated equipment required for elutriation and permits the isolation of human monocytes for culture in autologous serum from multiple donors in a single day.

Cell Separation↗
PubMed1977

Cancer morbidity.

In the present study, 1736 cases of cancer has been analysed by major sites, sub-sites and mortality trend. The most common cancerous lesion in the male was in the lungs and in the female in the uterine cervix. The second common lesion in male and female were larynx and breast respectively. In children, retinoblastoma was the commonest type of cancer.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Cancer of male breast. (A report on incidence).

During a retrospective study of 1843 patients with malignant lesions, 83 were identified as breast cancer. Of these, 4 turned out to be male breast cancer showing a male to female ratio of this neoplasms to be 1:19.7.

Bangladesh↗