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Biomedical subjects

F Engelsmann

Publications and source records attributed to F Engelsmann.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Medical students' attitude towards psychiatry: a ten-year comparison.

Medical students' interest in and attitudes toward psychiatry, both as a field of education and as a medical specialty, have been explored by a number of investigators. The present study compares two series of investigations completed at the McGill University teaching hospitals over a ten year span and involving third year medical students in 1968-69 (n = 59) and in 1978-79 (n = 168). The findings of these two studies are evaluated in two parts: (1) comparison of attitudes toward psychiatry before and after clinical training in 1978-79. (2) comparison of the results obtained in 1969 with those in 1979. The results of the comparison showed that students currently put more emphasis on the clinical aspects of psychiatric training and less on the theoretical and research aspects of psychiatry. Thirty-two percent of students in 1979 found psychotherapy to be the most useful treatment modality as compared with only 10 percent on 1969. Findings reflecting the usefulness of organic therapies in psychiatry remained fairly consistent, but behaviour therapy was found to be less useful by students in 1979 than in 1969. In the 1969 survey, 2 per cent of the third year students indicated an interest in psychiatry as a future career as compared with 3.3 per cent in 1979. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the psychiatric training programmes in medical schools.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1982

International comparison of the prevalence of psychosomatic disorders in schizophrenic patients.

An epidemiological survey was carried out in Montreal (Canada). Plattsburgh (USA) and Lodz (Poland) to test the hypothesis that certain psychosomatic disorders show a low lifetime prevalence in schizophrenic patients (total n = 665). The same method for collection and evaluation of demographic and clinical data was used in order to establish the lifetime prevalence of peptic ulcer (PU), bronchial asthma (BA), neurodermatitis (ND) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the patients as well as in their nuclear families. Low values of lifetime prevalence were found in schizophrenic patients in chronic hospitals as compared with those in general-university hospitals. Similarities were found in age- and sex-related patterns of these psychosomatic disorders in both samples. However, PU showed higher prevalence, and BA, ND and RA showed lower prevalence in the Polish sample.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Evaluation of lithium response. Psychometric findings.

Fifty-nine lithium treated patients were administered the MMPI test to differentiate the responders from the non-responders. The non-responders obtained higher scores on the Psychopathic Deviate, Paranoid and Mania Scales while the responders obtained higher scores on the Hypochondriasis, Psychasthenia and Social Introversion scales. Further work with pre- and post-treatment MMPI administration may provide additional and more definitive results.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Prediction of lithium response.

Even though lithium has been established as an effective agent in the management of primary affective disorders, not all manic-depressive patients respond favourably to lithium therapy. Therefore we attempted to delineate lithium responders from non-responders in a group of 54 manic-depressive patients on the basis of an assessment which included 64 variables and the results showed that only two thirds were pure responders. Females, patients with prior manic episodes, onset of the illness initially with a manic episode, and premorbid psychothymic personality were all indicators of favourable long-term lithium response. Patients with retarded depression, severe anxiety, though disorder and those with higher scores on the Psychopathic Deviate and Paranoia scales of the MMPI were poor lithium responders. It should be noted, however, that only a few of the differences between responders and non-responders were statistically significant. Our study suggests a number of predictive variables for the identification of lithium responders.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Definition, practice, and teaching of psychosomatics. A global survey.

Two sets of overlapping questionnaires were distributed world-wide via college members to 200 psychiatrists and 200 physicians. 50% of psychiatrists (n = 101) and 30% of physicians (n = 63), replied, representing 25 countries. Areas surveyed include definitions of 'psychosomatics', physician-psychiatrist attitudes, liaison activities, teaching patterns and methods, and professional affiliation of respondents. Comparative statistical analysis of the two groups reveals significant response differences in certain conceptualizations of 'psychosomatics' and in the diagnostic distribution of referred patients. Cross-continental comparisons revealed greater acceptance of the term 'psychosomatics' by respondents from Asia, differences between North American and European conceptualizations, and a stronger attachment of the field in the Far East to academic departments of medicine as compared with the West.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1976

The influence of foster-home care on psychiatric patients.

Adult patients placed into foster families by six administrations in three provinces of Canada were oberved at time of placement and followed up 18 months later. Over this period, they exhibited a substantial decline in symptoms-almost as great as with similar patients retained in the hospital. However, there was virtually no improvement in social functioning, despite the fact that the use of foster homes has been advocated mainly for the resocialization that was expected to occur there. In discussing the reasons for this paradoxical finding, recommendations are offered regarding the use of foster homes by mental health administrations.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Biological and psychological predictors of survival in a psychogeriatric population.

Out of 206 geriatric subjects who had been assessed with respect to a number of biological and psychological features (Müller & Grad, 1974), it was possible to reach 180 (or 87%) for a 5-year follow-up. Associations of these previous data to six survival categories were examined in order to explore their prognostic value. Of the biological variables the amount of slow EEG activity showed the greatest predictive power concerning the chances of survival, with only a few subjects, who had shown a slow EEG originally, alive after 5 years. Several other biological variables also showed significant differences between survivors and nonsurvivors; the plasma cortisol levels which were determined after the EEG test were lower in the survivors. Diagnostic and predictive value of routine electroencephalographic examinations in geropsychiatric assessments is emphasized. The close relationship of psychological and biological factors is discussed in the context of a dynamic concept of organic brain syndromes.

Aged↗