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F Erb

Publications and source records attributed to F Erb.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

1H NMR investigation of toxic effects of lindane and paraquat on Hep 3B and Hep G2 human hepatoma cell lines.

Lindane and paraquat induce biochemical changes in the liver. In order to specify their molecular impact at the cellular level, a 300 MHz 1H NMR investigation of hepatoma cell lines Hep 3B and Hep G2 responses was performed. Cells were exposed over 24 h to 50 mg/L lindane (0.178 mM) or to 100 mg/L (0.389 mM) paraquat concentrations. The main observation following exposure to lindane was a decrease in betaine methyl groups (3.26 ppm) which could be related to the steatosis reported by some authors. Specifically, in Hep G2 cells with this pesticide, the glycine peak (3.56 ppm) was lowered, thus confirming that the glycine synthesis pathway involving methionine, choline, and betaine was disturbed by lindane. Moreover, in this hepatoma cell line, the p-chlorobenzoate ion could be detected as a doublet at 7.55 ppm. In Hep 3B cells, paraquat increased betaine and methionine levels, suggesting disturbance in glycine biosynthesis. Possibilities of cellular uptake were considered, and the presence of this herbicide in cells was revealed by spectrophotometric and NMR measurements after chlorhydric hydrolysis, suggesting interaction with cellular components. The impact of paraquat on Hep G2 cells appeared to be located on mitochondrial function, as indicated by the observed decrease in succinate and pyruvate levels.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1997

Comparative genotoxicity of halogenated acetic acids found in drinking water.

Three short-term assays (SOS chromotest, Ames fluctuation test and newt micronucleus test) were performed to detect the genotoxic activity of organohalides, compounds likely to be found in chlorinated and/or ozonated drinking water: monochloro-, dichloro- and trichloroacetic acids and monobromo-, dibromo- and tribromoacetic acids. With the SOS chromotest, only three of the chemicals studied (dichloroacetic acid, dibromo- and tribromoacetic acids) were found to induce primary DNA damage in Escherichia coli PQ 37. In the Ames fluctuation test, all the compounds except monochloroacetic acid showed mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100. In these two in vitro tests, a good correlation between increasing number of substituents and decreasing mutagenicity was observed. Namely, the toxicity of brominated and chlorinated acetic acids decreased when the number of substituents increased. The newt micronucleus test detected a weak clastogenic effect on the peripheral blood erythrocytes of Pleurodeles waltl larvae for trichloroacetic acid only.

Acetates↗
PubMed1996

Assay of free-radical toxicity and antioxidant effect on the Hep 3B cell line: a test survey using lindane.

The content of reduced glutathione and of glutathione disulfide as well as the activities of glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferases, catalase and superoxide dismutases were determined in human hepatoma Hep 3B cells in relation to free-radical toxicity in order to appreciate the defense capacities of these cells compared to data on normal hepatocytes. When Hep 3B cells were exposed to lindane, a known inducer of free-radical production, superoxide dismutase activity appeared as the best-adapted cellular parameter for early detection of the resulting free-radical toxicity.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed1995

Study of the genotoxic activity of six halogenated acetonitriles, using the SOS chromotest, the Ames-fluctuation test and the newt micronucleus test.

Three short-term assays (the SOS chromotest, the Ames-fluctuation test and the newt micronucleus test) were carried out to evaluate the genotoxicity of six halogenated acetonitriles identified in chlorinated waters (monochloro-, dichloro-, trichloro-, monobromo-, dibromo- and bromochloroacetonitrile). With the SOS chromotest, three of the chemicals studied (dichloro-, dibromo- and bromochloroacetonitrile) were found to induce primary DNA damage in Escherichia coli PQ37. In the Ames-fluctuation test, all the compounds except dibromoacetonitrile showed mutagenic activity on Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100. The newt micronucleus assay detected a clastogenic effect on the peripheral blood erythrocytes of Pleurodeles waltl larvae for all the six haloacetonitriles studied. Moreover, two structure-activity relationships were noted: (1) the genotoxic activity of haloacetonitriles containing bromine substituents appeared higher than the corresponding chlorinated acetonitriles and (2) the clastogenic activity of the chlorinated acetonitriles increased with the number of chlorine substituents.

Acetonitriles↗
PubMed1995

Genotoxicity assay of chloral hydrate and chloropicrine.

The chlorination by-products chloral hydrate and chloropicrine were assayed for genotoxicity in three short-term tests. Chloropicrine was 100-fold more potent than chloral in inducing mutations in strain TA100 of S. typhimurium (fluctuation test) and, at variance with chloral, was positive in the SOS chromotest using strain PQ37 of E. coli. On the other hand, only chloral caused a significant increase in the frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes following in vivo exposure of the amphibian Pleurodeles waltl newt larvae.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Use of the SOS chromotest, the Ames-fluctuation test and the newt micronucleus test to study the genotoxicity of four trihalomethanes.

Three short-term assays (the SOS chromotest, the Ames-fluctuation test and the newt micronucleus test) were carried out to evaluate the genotoxicity of four trihalomethanes (chloroform, bromodichloromethane, chlorodibromomethane and bromoform). With the SOS chromotest, all the chemicals studied except chloroform were found to induce primary DNA damage in Escherichia coli PQ37. In the Ames-fluctuation test, only bromoform showed mutagenic activity on Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100. The newt micronucleus assay detected a clastogenic effect on the peripheral blood erythrocytes of Pleurodeles waltl larvae for bromodichloromethane and bromoform. It appeared that the presence of bromine substituent(s) generally led to significant genotoxic activity. Moreover, the use of the metabolic system significantly increased the genotoxicity of the brominated trihalomethanes in the SOS chromotest. Unlike previous investigations in which the SOS chromotest was always the least interesting assay, this study exhibited the good efficiency of this in vitro test on E.coli for the detection of trihalomethanes with bromine substituents.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Study of the genotoxic activity of five chlorinated propanones using the SOS chromotest, the Ames-fluctuation test and the newt micronucleus test.

Three short-term assays (the SOS chromotest, the Ames-fluctuation test and the newt micronucleus test) were carried out to evaluate the genotoxicity of five chlorinated propanones identified in several chlorinated waters (monochloropropanone, 1,1-dichloropropanone, 1,3-dichloropropanone, 1,1,1-trichloropropanone and 1,1,3-trichloropropanone). In the SOS chromotest, all the compounds except monochloropropanone were found to induce primary DNA damage in Escherichia coli. With the fluctuation test, all five chloropropanones showed mutagenic activity on Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100. The newt micronucleus assay detected a clastogenic effect on the peripheral blood erythrocytes of Pleurodeles waltl larvae only for 1,3-dichloropropanone and 1,1,3-trichloropropanone. Moreover, two structure-activity relationships are noticeable: (1) chloropropanones with chlorine substituents on both carbon positions (1,3-DCP and 1,1,3-TCP) are by far more genotoxic than chloropropanones substituted only on one carbon position (1,1-DCP and 1,1,1-TCP); (2) the increase of the number of chlorine substituents decreases the mutagenic activity (fluctuation test) of the chlorinated propanones studied.

Acetone↗
PubMed1994

Correlation of clinical response (PANSS) and plasma levels of haloperidol and reduced haloperidol in schizophrenia.

1. The authors attempted to correlate plasma concentrations in H/rH and clinical efficacy from 8 schizophrenic patients (DSM IIIR) on H. 2. No significant correlations were found between H, rH plasma levels and positive and negative subscale for each patient. 3. The authors observed an opposite evolution concerning the mean results between plasma concentrations and PANSS total score.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Application of the kinetic of RNA synthesis on Hep 3B cells. Study of the medium-term cytotoxicity of atrazine.

The test based on measuring the RNA synthesis rate, already described on Hela S3 in culture (Fauris et al., Les colloques de l'INSERM 106 (1981) 455-463), has been adapted to a human hepatoma cell line Hep 3B which retains a certain capacity towards metabolising. These modifications make it easier to point to the presence of possible water micropollutions and to envisage the study of the medium-term toxicity of such pollutants to be found in traces in water, with adequate sensitivity if we take into account their low concentration level. This trial has been carried out to compare the cytotoxicity of atrazine, over short- and medium-term periods: prolonged exposure to atrazine (1 or 10 micrograms/l) leads to an increase in the RNA synthesis rate (not to be detected after 24 h of exposure). Pre-exposure to 1 or 10 micrograms/l pesticide (over 6 days) would cause results to increase considerably during any future intoxication (250 micrograms/l).

Atrazine↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of three short-term assays: results on seven chemicals. Potential contribution to the control of water genotoxicity.

Three short-term assays (the SOS chromotest, the Ames fluctuation test and the newt micronucleus test) were used to evaluate the genotoxicity of seven chemicals (4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide, potassium dichromate, formaldehyde, sodium hypochlorite, benzo[a]pyrene, cyclophosphamide and 2-naphthylamine). In the SOS chromotest, all seven compounds except sodium hypochlorite and cyclophosphamide were found to induce primary DNA damage in E. coli. With the Ames fluctuation test, all seven chemicals except sodium hypochlorite showed mutagenic activity on Salmonella typhimurium TA100, TA102 or TA98. The newt micronucleus assay detected a clastogenic effect of all seven compounds except formaldehyde on the peripheral blood erythrocytes of Pleurodeles waltl larvae. For each compound, the sensitivity of the tests was compared; (1) the SOS chromotest is the least sensitive assay in every case, (2) the Ames fluctuation test is the most sensitive assay for studied chemicals with direct genotoxic effect and (3) the newt micronucleus assay is the most sensitive test for tested compounds with indirect genotoxic activity. The potential contribution of these three tests in the monitoring of water genotoxicity is discussed.

2-Naphthylamine↗
PubMed1990

Determination of haloperidol and hydroxy haloperidol in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography.

A method has been developed for the separation and measurement of haloperidol and hydroxy haloperidol in human plasma through high performance liquid chromatography. The method uses chlorohaloperidol as an internal standard and provides a limit of detection of about 0.7 nmol/l for haloperidol and 0.67 nmol/l for hydroxy haloperidol. HPLC and RIA radioimmunoassay methods are compared.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1989

SOS Chromotest study concerning some appreciation criteria of humic substances' genotoxic potency.

The genotoxicity of 5 compounds: 2 fulvic acids, a trade humic acid, a synthetic humic material (SHM), and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, was assessed after chlorination, by means of the SOS Chromotest for tester strain E. coli PQ 37 without metabolic activation. Chlorination was carried out for humic material concentration of 0.5 mg total organic carbon per liter, and chlorine concentrations in the range of 0.1-2.0 chlorine equivalents per mole of carbon. Among all the considered criteria that can account for potent toxicity: chemical degradation determined by the UV absorption decrease, chlorine consumption, average molecular weight, only the polymerization index (O.D. 665 nm/O.D. 465 nm) can be related to the genotoxicity of humic samples. This latter criterion appears a possible predictor of genotoxic potency, revealed subsequent to the aqueous chlorination of humic materials. Looking at the various genotoxic activities of the tested compounds, SHM can be considered a better model of natural humic materials than the trade humic acid.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1987

Halothane and enflurane metabolite elimination during anaesthesia in man.

Ten patients received 0.75% halothane and 12 received 1.5% enflurane for 1 h in a 50:50 nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture. Plasma and end-tidal concentrations were measured by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) using the head-space method. Fluoride ion assay was performed with a specific electrode by HPLC, trifluoroacetate and oxalate ion levels were determined after extraction, by GLC. Comparison of the evolution of the non-metabolized forms showed that enflurane was more rapidly eliminated: by the third hour after starting, enflurane plasma concentrations were 3.6 micrograms ml-1 compared with 6.3 micrograms ml-1 for halothane. Fluoride plasma levels were nearly constant in the halothane group, but a significant increase up to 14.9 microM was observed in the enflurane group. The ratio of 10:1 in peak urinary concentrations was linked to the molecular structure and the metabolic pathways.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Role of ozone and granular activated carbon in the removal of mutagenic compounds.

The identification of certain organic compounds in drinking water has led water treatment specialists to be increasingly concerned about the eventual risks of such pollutants to the health of consumers. Our experiments focused on the role of ozone and granular activated carbon in removing mutagenic compounds and precursors that become toxic after chlorination. We found that if a sufficient dose of ozone is applied, its use does not lead to the creation of mutagenic compounds in drinking water and can even eliminate the initial mutagenicity of the water. The formation of new mutagenic compounds seems to be induced by ozonation that is too weak, although these mutagens can be removed by GAC filtration. Ozone used with activated carbon can be one of the best means for eliminating the compounds contributing to the mutagenicity of water. A combined treatment of ozone and activated carbon also decreases the chlorine consumption of the treated water and consequently reduces the formation of chlorinated organic compounds.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗