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Biomedical subjects

F Forestier

Publications and source records attributed to F Forestier.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Role of interferon, antibodies and macrophages in the protective effect of Corynebacterium parvum on encephalomyocarditis virus-induced disease in mice.

Treatment of mice with Corynebacterium parvum enhances their resistance to encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus infection. In EMC-virus-infected mice, pretreated with C. parvum, neither interferon production nor antibody responses were increased. A decrease of virus recovery was observed in cultures of macrophages taken from the peritoneum of mice early after injection of C. parvum and infected with EMC-virus in vitro. The data suggest that C. parvum acts by increasing intrinsic antiviral activity of macrophages.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Characterization of mononuclear cell subpopulations in normal fetal peripheral blood.

It is now possible to characterize fetal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (FPBMC) from normal fetuses sampled in utero under ultrasound guidance. The surface phenotype of FPBMC from 25 fetuses, between the 20th and the 26th week of gestation, was studied using standard reagents that are known to delineate mononuclear cell subsets in adult peripheral blood. Results were compared with those obtained in neonates (cord blood) and adults. The major subsets of adult PBMC are represented in fetal blood with few qualitative differences: 20% of FPBMC are not recognized, the percentage of T cells is lower with a higher ratio T4/T8, the fraction of cells that express DR molecule is very high, and the distribution of NK antigens is different in fetuses. B cells and monocytes are in equal proportion. This work represents a prerequisite for future functional studies, and provides normal fetal values that will be useful for prenatal diagnosis of congenital immunodeficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Some aspects of fetal biology.

Fetal blood sampling under ultrasound control is rapidly expanding the study of human fetal biology. Pure fetal blood is required for prenatal diagnosis, establishment of reference ranges for biologic measurements and assessment of fetal welfare. Hematological, biochemical and immunological parameters were selected on blood of normal fetuses sampled between the 18th and 36th week of gestation. They were referred to us for various prenatal diagnosis (mainly toxoplasmosis) but were well and confirmed healthy at birth. These data indicate a slower metabolism in fetuses compared to their mother, a lower level of energy requirement and a relative liver immaturity. An important point concerns the evolution of some parameters all along the pregnancy. The correlation observed between the different biological levels either in cord or maternal sera (or between both) paves the way for future studies concerning fetal metabolism. These normal values of fetal biology will improve our knowledge of physiology and help to determine the specific values of a test in fetal pathology.

Blood Coagulation Factors↗
PubMed1987

Blood chemistry of normal human fetuses at midtrimester of pregnancy.

Thirteen biochemical parameters and five enzymatic activities were determined on sera of 63 normal human fetuses sampled by direct puncture under ultrasound guidance, between the 20th and the 26th wk of gestation, and on their mothers. They were referred to us for various prenatal diagnoses but were well and confirmed healthy at birth. Some parameters were found to be very similar in both groups, mainly creatinine, calcium, creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Some values were significantly higher in the fetuses, such as total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, phosphorus, lactic dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activities, and alpha-fetoprotein. Urea, uric acid, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, total protein, and albumin levels were found to be lower in fetuses. These data indicate a slower metabolism in fetuses compared to their mothers, a lower level of energy requirement, and a relative liver immaturity. These normal values of fetal biochemistry will improve our knowledge of physiology and help to determine the specific values of a test in fetal pathology.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗
PubMed1987

Serum growth-promoting activity in normal and hypotrophic fetuses at midpregnancy.

Blood from 24 human fetuses aged 19-24 wk was collected by ultrasound-guided puncture of the umbilical cord in utero, performed for prenatal diagnosis of mother to fetus transmissible infections. Fetal serum growth-promoting activity (thymidine activity) was measured by its effect on 3H-thymidine incorporation into human lectin-activated lymphocytes. Ten blood samples were obtained at 19-22 wk of pregnancy and 14 at 23-24 wk. The pregnancies were maintained and the fetuses delivered, free of infection, at 38-40 wk, nine of them being small for date and 15 having a normal weight for gestation age. The bioassayable thymidine activity was significantly lower in the hypotrophic (0.84 +/- 0.04 U/ml) than in the normal fetuses (1.28 +/- 0.09 U/ml) whatever the time of sampling. Thymidine activity was significantly negatively correlated with gestational age in the normal for date fetuses, not in the small for date. It is suggested that early measurement of thymidine activity in fetal blood might be of value in the assessment of fetal growth despite the fact that the tissue growth factors may be more important in fetus than are the serum factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Prenatal pharmacology of low molecular weight heparin and pentosan polysulfate].

The aim of prenatal pharmacology is to evaluate the biologic effects to the fetus of a drug taken during pregnancy. Development of a new technic for collection of fetal blood samples in utero under ultrasound guidance allowed, by evaluation of maternal and fetal hemostasis, study of two low molecular weight heparins, PK 10169 (Lovenox) (table I) and CY 216 (Fraxiparine) (tableau II) and of pentosan polysulfate (Hemoclar) (table III). Under the operating conditions applied, the three molecules failed to diffuse across placenta during 2nd and 3rd pregnancy trimesters. This permitted treatment of eleven women at risk for eclampsia or thromboembolism with good clinical results, white confirming absence of circulating heparinemia at birth (umbilical cord blood).

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed1987

[Absence of transplacental passage of Fraxiparin (low molecular weight heparin) during the 3d trimester of pregnancy].

Using low molecular weight fractions of heparin (HBPM) can be at least potentially useful in pregnant women for certain indications. After animal studies had been carried out for toxic effects, one HBPM, CY216, which has been put on the market under the name of Fraxiparin, was studied to see whether it crosses the placenta in pregnant women by analysing fetal blood directly. Seven women who had fetal indications for terminating their pregnancies in the third trimester received a subcutaneous injection of 17,500 Choay units of Fraxiparin (0.7 ml). The haemostatic state was assessed in the mothers before the injection and three hours after it, and in the fetus approximately three hours after the injection into the mother. The fetal blood was taken in the uterus by direct aspiration using ultrasound guidance techniques. Anti Xa, anti IIa, and cephalin-kaolin time (TCK) were estimated. The anti Xa, anti IIa and the TCK were not changed in the 7 fetuses that were studied, 3 hours after the subcutaneous injection of a large dose of CY 216 although marked changes were noted in the mothers.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMed1987

[Diffusion of fluoroquinolones in the aqueous humor and crystalline lens].

In 53 patients undergoing cataract extraction, the authors measured pefloxacin and ofloxacin penetration in aqueous humour and lens. Cataract removal was performed at varying times after either the end of one-hour infusion of pefloxacin, ofloxacin per os in one time, or pefloxacin per os during 3 days. In the two first schemes, acme concentrations in aqueous humour are 1.45 mg/l for pefloxacin, 1.14 mg/l for ofloxacin. These concentrations reach the MIC90 of most bacteria usually involved in endophthalmia. The steady state concentrations of pefloxacin are between 6 and 7 mg/l during the first 12 h: they reach the MIC of 80% of Streptococci. There is no evidence of accumulation of pefloxacin in lens; lenticular concentrations of ofloxacin are very low and rapidly decrease.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

[The eye and chronic inflammatory diseases of the intestines. Immunopathological and genetic aspects. Apropos of 3 cases].

This study tried to approximate the mechanisms of ocular changes in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. First, we reported a series of three patients with ocular complications and chronic inflammatory bowel disease. In all cases, we reported the association of ocular disorders with: various infections: intestinal, extra-intestinal complications, immunological troubles, genetic background: HLA B 27. Second, we reviewed the literature concerning ocular changes in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Recent immunological developments are studied, regarding: genetic aspects, allergic manifestations. immune complexes and role of IgA antibodies. Practically, uveitis, retinal inflammation or vasculitis can be associated with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Immunological studies of these patients will allow a better understanding of the mechanisms of the ocular lesions, which remain is complex, multiple and non specific.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Fetal blood sampling in twin pregnancies. Prenatal diagnosis and management of 19 cases.

Twin pregnancies pose particular problems in both prenatal diagnosis and obstetric management. We present 19 twin pregnancies that underwent fetal blood sampling (FBS). The indications were mostly similar to those for singleton pregnancies, with both fetuses being sampled. There was one indication specific to twin pregnancies; disseminated intravascular coagulation in the retained twin after the death-in-utero (DIU) of the other. In 5 cases, only 1 twin was sampled; in 2 because the second twin was female in the diagnosis of an X-linked disorder; in 1 because of technical failure, and in 2 the other twin had predeceased. Eight pregnancies continued after the FBS delivering 2 live, healthy infants, though 5 were delivered before 37 weeks of gestation. In 7 cases there was a discordance in the diagnosis between the twins. In 3 of these cases the affected fetus underwent selective termination by air embolism; in 2 cases the pregnancies were continued and the affected twin not resuscitated; 1 pregnancy is still in progress, and 1 patient had a non-medically supervised termination of both twins in another country. Two patients miscarried within a week of the FBS. Two patients had only 1 living twin at the time of FBS; 1 had a second DIU a month after the FBS and the other a neonatal death at 11 days of age in an infant with severe porencephaly. FBS is technically feasible for similar indications as for singleton pregnancies though discordance in diagnosis raises specific management problems.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed1986

Absence of transplacental passage of pentosan polysulfate during mid trimester of pregnancy.

Eight women who were going to have an abortion between the 18th and 23 week of gestation for chromosomal abnormalities or haemoglobinopathies received intravenously 50 mg of pentosan polysulfate (PSP). Maternal results of haemostasis prior and after the injection of the drug were compared. Fetal coagulation parameters were tested on samples obtained by direct puncture of the umbilical cord under ultrasound guidance, 30 min after injection. Results were compared to those of normal fetuses at the same stage of gestation, obtained in the same conditions. In mothers' plasma, 30 min after injection, APTT was prolonged, factor Xa generation was markedly impaired, and factor V level was deeply decreased. By contrast, no modifications of these parameters were observed in fetal plasma, 30 min after the injection of PSP to their related mothers when compared to control fetuses. Thus the absence of biological modifications induced by PSP injection could demonstrate that this drug does not cross through the placenta.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMed1986

Pharmacokinetics of aztreonam in the aqueous humour.

Fifteen patients awaiting cataract extraction were given a 2 g intravenous bolus injection of aztreonam. The mean aztreonam concentrations in the aqueous humour. 1, 2 and 4 h after the injection were 1.22, 1.46 and 2.22 mg/l, respectively.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Pefloxacin concentrations in human aqueous humour and lens.

In 20 patients undergoing cataract extraction, we measured pefloxacin concentrations in the eye. After a 1 h infusion of pefloxacin 400 mg iv, the mean pefloxacin concentrations 2, 6, 12 and 24 h post-infusion were 0.75, 1.45, 1.04 and 0.86 mg/l, respectively. The simultaneous mean pefloxacin concentrations in the lens were 0.09, 0.20, 0.26 and 0.43 mg/l, respectively. The adequate penetration of pefloxacin into uninfected aqueous humour and lens suggests that this antibiotic may be effective in the treatment of certain bacterial endophthalmic infections.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Prenatal diagnosis of hemophilia by fetal blood sampling under ultrasound guidance.

In utero fetal blood sampling was performed in 55 cases for prenatal diagnosis of hemophilia A and B. Fifteen fetuses were found to be affected. However, with this new procedure, it was possible to demonstrate that fetuses were not hemophiliacs in 40 cases. Therefore, pregnancy was not interrupted; these infants were born and definitely proven to be normal. There were no diagnostic errors.

Diagnostic Errors↗
PubMed1986

Serum somatomedin C, bioassayable growth-promoting activity (thymidine activity), and transferrin in human fetuses: in utero study.

Serum somatomedin C, thymidine uptake stimulating activity, and transferrin were measured in fetal blood collected by ultrasound-guided puncture of umbilical vessels in utero during prenatal assessment for mother-to-fetus transmissible infections. Serum somatomedin C and transferrin were measured by immunoassay. Thymidine activity was measured by assay of [3H]thymidine incorporation into lectin-activated human lymphocytes. Studies were conducted in 48 healthy fetuses at gestational ages 21-28 wk. From 21-24 to 25-28 wk, serum somatomedin C significantly increased from 0.05 +/- 0.06 to 0.24 +/- 0.03 U/ml, while thymidine activity significantly decreased from 1.41 +/- 0.15 to 0.95 +/- 0.06 U/ml. Transferrin levels did not change. These data suggest that the humoral control of fetal growth at midpregnancy involves mechanisms other than direct regulation by somatomedin.

Biological Assay↗