Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to F Forestier.
The fetal karyotype was established during the second or third trimester of 18 at risk pregnancies after fetal blood sampling by direct puncture of the umbilical vein guided by real time ultrasound. Two karyotypes were abnormal. This rapid technique for karyotyping allows the obstetrician to decide early how the pregnancy should be conducted.
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In an attempt at prenatal diagnosis of fetal infection after primary rubella infection before 18 weeks of pregnancy fetal blood was taken by direct puncture under ultrasound guidance at 20-26 weeks of pregnancy from eighteen patients. Total IgM was assayed by radial immunodiffusion and rubella-specific IgM by IgM capture immunoassay. Rubella-specific IgM was detected in twelve of the eighteen fetuses. The parents decided whether to continue or terminate the pregnancy on the basis of the time of onset of maternal rubella. All six pregnancies in which rubella occurred before 12 weeks of gestation were terminated. Of the six with rubella after 12 weeks two were terminated. Among the six fetuses negative for rubella-specific IgM, five had no rubella-specific IgM at birth and no persistent IgG but one was found to be infected at birth; this false-negative diagnosis was due to sampling too early during pregnancy.
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Fetal blood sampling was possible during the third trimester of pregnancy by direct puncture of the umbilical vein near its placental insertion, using a needle guided by ultrasound. Between 2 and 6 ml of pure fetal blood were obtained from three pregnancies without adverse effect on the fetuses. If this new procedure proves to have an acceptable complication rate it should widen the field of prenatal diagnosis for the detection of treatable diseases of the fetus.
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The literature concerning different kinds of draining implants used since the beginning of this century to increase the reliability of filtering operations to relieve glaucoma has been reviewed. The Krupin-Denver valve implant, which allows a filtration surgery with a pressure sensitive, unidirectional valve implant function drew the author's attention. This device consists in an open supramid tube sealed to a silastic tube ending with a slit valve which opens under a 11 to 14 mmHg intra ocular pressure. The supramid tube is inserted 1 to 4 mm long into the anterior chamber from the corneoscleral limbus, and the silastic tube is set under a scleral flap. Personal results are exposed from february 1981 to december 1983, 15 eyes have been treated (5 neovascular glaucomas, 5 glaucomas in aphakia, 4 congenital glaucomas and one chronic glaucoma). After mean follow up time of 13 months (1 to 34 months), the Krupin valve insertion controls the intraocular pressure in 14 eyes, without antiglaucoma medication in 5, and 7 cases are controlled with an additional local therapy, and further 2 cases with a general treatment. In the discussion, the improvements brought by this valve implant are studied facing the three great reasons of failure in the filtering operations as defined in 1980 by Molteno and Cairns: immediate post surgical hypotony, blockage of the internal end of the draining fistula, blockage of the external end of the draining fistula.
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Three cases of pneumococcal endophthalmitis proven by paracentesis and direct bacteriologic evaluation were studied. Cultures were positive for pneumococcus in two the three cases. The fulminant course, and poor visual outcome emphasize the urgency of proper diagnosis by microscopic identification, and of intra-vitreal of injection of antibiotics sometimes associated with vitrectomy. Subconjunctival gentamicin commonly used in ophthalmologic surgery as prophylactic treatment, is often not effective against pneumococcus. It seems advisable to associate subconjunctival chloramphenicol with the gentamicin to help prevent this bacterial infection.
The Coulter Counter Model S+II is an automatic analyzer designed to measure the routine hematological parameters and to carry out distribution curve analysis of platelets, erythrocytes and leukocytes. The leukocyte histogram analysis is used as a basis for calculation of both lymphocyte percentages and absolute counts. In this study, we compared the differential count obtained by light microscopy studies of 2355 blood smears with the percentage of lymphocytes in the leukocyte population as determined by the S+II. A comparison was also performed between the S+II and Hemalog D, H 6000, and Diff 3 System on a smaller sample number. There was a good correlation between lymphocyte percentages and counts given by the S+II and other methods. Furthermore, reproducibility studies, performed with the Coulter Counter Model S+II, suggested that the lymphocyte percentage given by this instrument was accurate, except for extreme values. Lack of calculation of lymphocyte parameters by the instrument was often found to correspond to spontaneous platelet aggregation and/or to abnormalities of differential counts. It is suggested that lymphocyte analysis provided by the S+II may be used as a basis for a new approach to white blood cell (WBC) analysis, which could exclude differential counts in most routine cases.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Pure fetal blood has been aspirated in utero from the umbilical vein near the placental insertion of the cord using a twenty gauge needle under ultrasound guidance. Sixty-six samples were taken on 63 pregnancies between 17 and 32 weeks of gestation. One to two millilitres of blood can be obtained easily without amniotic fluid dilution or contamination by maternal blood, as confirmed by the measurements of the mean corpuscular volume, the histogram distribution of the red blood cells and the hematocrit. In all cases the Kleihauer test and isoelectrofocusing of the hemoglobins were performed. Coagulation factors were also studied in 60 cases. In 17 cases a medical abortion was voluntarily induced after the procedure, and the follow-up was normal during the observation period after sampling. In the other cases, pregnancies have continued normally and twelve healthy babies have already been born.
"Birdshot" retinochoroidopathy is an intraocular inflammation described by Ryan and Maumenee in 1980. It is characterized by vitreous changes, retinal vascular leakage, and multiple depigmented spots of the retinal pigment epithelium and choriocapillaris. Clinical, ophthalmoscopic, and angiographic findings of the disease in two cases are reported. in the first case, the immune response to retinal S-antigen and the presence of HLA A and B antigens were studied. In the second case, particular angiographic appearances were noted. Characteristics differentiating this disease from other intraocular inflammations and etiopathogenesis were studied based on clinical, angiographic, electrophysiologic, immune response and HLA antigen findings. The etiopathogenesis has not been elucidated, but the inflammatory nature of these disease allows symptomatic anti-inflammatory treatment of macular cystoid oedema, to which may be related the loss of central vision.
The influence of acute alcoholization on the evolution of different viral diseases was studied in orally alcoholized mice. Ethanol increased mice susceptibility to encephalomyocarditis and influenza only when it was administered after virus infection. There was no dose-effect correlation. Vaccinia and Herpes virus infections were not modified by alcoholization. Hypotheses concerning the mechanisms of alcohol action were put forward.