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Biomedical subjects

F Friemel

Publications and source records attributed to F Friemel.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Asthma in athletes].

INTRODUCTION: Numerous recent studies have shown that the risk of developing asthma or exercise-induced asthma is increased in the athletic population, particularly in endurance-trained athletes at national and international level. STATE OF ART: According to the literature, this could be explained by both hyperventilation during exercise and increased airway exposure to inhaled allergens, pollutants and/or cold dry air. However this form of asthma seems to differ from classical asthma. PERSPECTIVES: In the future, the establishment of rigorous controls - via a detailed description of symptoms and documentation of objective measurements such as resting spirometry, bronchial hyperreactivity and reversibility - should allow early detection of respiratory problems in athletes and enable to provide an adequate treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Although asthma and exercise-induced asthma are particularly common among athletes, if appropriately detected and treated, these disorders should not constitute a limiting factor in exercise performance.

Asthma↗
PubMed2001

[Evolution of the physiological profile of gymnasts over the past 40 years. A review of the literature].

Authors illustrate the evolution of the physiological profile of gymnasts over the past 40 years. Gymnasts are demonstrating increased anaerobic power. Maximal power output measured by the Wingate test in high level male gymnasts is currently between 12 and 14 W x kg(-1). Female gymnasts show maximal power between 10 and 12 W x kg(-1). In spite of an increase in the number of training hours, they have a low aerobic aptitude. It is still adequate and sufficient for their practice. Maximal heart rate values measured during gymnastic exercises have mirrored technical and acrobatic demands of increasing difficulty. Currently, exercise heart rates exceed 190 beat x min(-1) as compared to 135 to 151 beat x min(-1) in the seventies. Measurement of higher blood lactate values suggests that anaerobic glycolysis has increased in importance. Glycolytic contributions differ between apparatuses. Data from energy cost studies demonstrate that gymnastics energy demands are greater now than in the seventies.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2000

[Fatigue of the respiratory muscles due to maximal exercise on 2 different ergometers].

This study examines relationships between physical exercise and fatigue of ventilatory muscles according to training, intensity of exercise, and the ergometer. Twenty-two athletes were submitted to maximal triangular exercise on treadmill (TR) and bicycle (BE). Maximal inspiratory (PImax) and expiratory pressures and a spirometry were measured before and after exercise. In the "high level physical capacity" group (GR1) and "medium level physical capacity" group (GR2), PImax (128.4 +/- 36.8 cmH2O) and PEmax (175.7 +/- 63.8 cmH2O) after exercise on TR decreased significantly (140.0 +/- 32.6, p < .05; at rest: 196.8 +/- 59.8 cmH2O, p < .01). After exercise on BE, PImax and PEmax in GR1 and GR2 were significantly smaller than at rest (p < .001). In GR1, forced vital capacity (FVC) was significantly decreased after exercise on TR (5.22 +/- 0.8 vs. 4.99 +/- 0.6 l; p < .05).

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Cardiac hypertrophy and coronary reserve in endurance athletes].

Impaired coronary reserve (CR) with angiographic coronary arteries has been demonstrated in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in response to valvular heart disease or hypertension. To determine if adaptive LVH induced by intensive training may alter myocardial blood flow (MBF) and CR, 8 highly trained endurance tri- athletes (29.6 +/- 4.0 yrs, with echographic LVH) were compared with 6 control subjects (33.0 +/- 7.9 yrs, with a normal echographic examination). Triathletes entered the study if they had a left ventricular mass >120 g/m2 at 2-D echocardiographic measurements (mean = 148.6 +/- 19.8 g/m2). MBF was assessed using positron emission tomography (PET) with H2O15. Subjects underwent an intravenous bolus of 17- 25 mCi of H2)15 at baseline and after intravenous infusion of 0.80 mg/kg of dipyridimole; H2O15 examination was followed by an F18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) myocardial imaging. CR was determined as the ration of maximal to basal myocardial blood flow. In comparison with controls, triathletes with LVH showed normal MBF values (0.74 +/- 0.1 vs 0.8 +/- 0.2 ml/ml/min, p = 0.2), but an increased CR (3.8 +/- 0.7 vs 6.1 +/-1.9, p < 0.05). In contrast with other forms of LVH, CR is not altered in LVH due intense physical training. These results suggest that LVH due to intensive physical training is associated with an increase in coronary blood flow capacity.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Electrocardiographic aspects of skin diving.

Electrocardiographic (ECG) aspects of skin diving were monitored by means of continuous ECG recording in a pool 15 m deep. Ten regularly trained divers with different levels of experience divid a minimum of three consecutive times, holding their beath, reaching depths of 6 m, 9 m, and 12 or 15 m. The water temperature was 28 degrees C. During the ascending part of these dives, bradycardia was observed in all skin-divers. Minimal heart rate correlated negatively with the diver's experience (number of dives previously performed). In six divers cardiac arrhythmia was observed. Atrial arrhythmias were sometimes isolated occurrences, but more frequently they were multiple. Ventricular arrhythmias tended to be bigeminal. Apparently, forced expiration through the snorkel when surfacing precipitated these rhythmic disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Arrhythmia and vago-sympathetic equilibrium in athletic divers].

Two series of electrocardiographic recordings by the Holter method were performed in 16 athletic divers : the first series in a man-made tank 15 m deep and containing water at 28 degrees C, with only exercises in apnoea ; the second series in a natural environment, with exercises in both apnoea and aqualung. Bradycardia was recorded in the second part of the apnoea. It was more marked and long-lasting in the artificial environment than in the natural one, and its degree correlated with the degree of experience of the driver (r = 0.90 ; p less than 0.001) . In 70 p. 100 of the cases, bradycardia was associated with atrial and/or ventricular extrasystoles in the artificial environment. In the natural environment, tachycardia was globally predominant and could reach maximum heart rate during exercises in the aqualung. The authors discuss the shift observe in vasosympathetic balance and its electrophysiological consequences when diving.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Changes in several plasma and urinary components in marathon runners].

33 blood and urinary components were titrated in 11 men 5 days before a marathon race (42 km), just before the start of the race, 1/4 hour after the arrival, the following day and 5 days after the race. On arrival, or/and the following day, even still 5 days later, we observed an increase of: natremia, kaliemia, blood proteins, hematocrit, aldosteronemia, plasma renin activity, uricemia, creatininemia, blood cortisol, myoglobinemia, blood lactic acid, total enzymatic CK activity, enzymatic ASAT activity, urinary elimination of creatinin, urea and 3 methylhistidine. On the contrary, a decrease of plasma total CO2 and blood testosterone levels were observed. These biochemical modifications are the consequence of hydro-mineral losses, muscular necroses, alteration of energetic metabolism with increase of the protein catabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[What are the implications of high pulmonary compliance?].

We studied 19 patients with abnormally high static lung compliances, which had been discovered during a routine pulmonary function test, changes in elastic lung properties and smoking habits after 4 years. We did not observe, as is usually reported in the literature, that cessation of smoking normalizes lung compliance. A falsely normalized lung compliance may be due to lung zones that cease to ventilate. High lung compliances in nonsmoking patients, without clinical and radiological pulmonary abnormalities, are not always pathological but must be supervised.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Effects of latency time on the type of bronchial response in specific provocation tests].

21 asthmatic patients with atopic asthma were studied. Their clinical history, skin tests and bronchial reactivity suggest the responsibility of an allergen (mites). Carbachol induced bronchospasm in all patients after doses varying from 100 to 1000 micrograms. The bronchial response was determined 10-60 min after mite challenge using the following parameters: lung volume, forced expiratory flow, total lung resistance and elastic properties. The measurements were performed using an open whole-body plethysmograph. 14 patients had an early bronchospasm (from 10 to 15 min after the mite challenge), the others had a late reaction (from 20 to 60 min after the mite challenge). The early responses were principally characterized by an increase in pulmonary resistance, suggesting proximal bronchoconstriction. The late reactions were characterized by a decrease in MMEF without a notable increase in pulmonary resistance. These differences between bronchial responses are due to a number of modifications in lung elastic properties. Initial obstruction or intercurrent bronchial infections seem to have no effect on the bronchial reaction in these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Modifications of respiratory mechanics of asthmatics challenged with cholinergics and allergens].

Modifications of the mechanical ventilatory function in 18 atopic asthmatic patients challenged with carbachol and mites are studied. The patients were chosen according to clinical and immunoallergiological criteria. All patients reacted to carbachol and only 11 of them to mites. In addition to classical changes in total pulmonary resistance and forced expiration parameters, we observed modifications in lung elastic properties, with an impairment of the P/V curves. Ventilatory data after mite extract aerosols were heterogeneous. Bronchial infection seemed to facilitate central bronchoconstriction to allergens with a large increase of Rtot from 0.425 to 2.226 kPa . liter-1 . s (3.19-16.70 mm Hg . liters-1 . s). The delay between mite challenge and bronchoconstriction was longer when peripheral obstruction occurred without a significant increase in Rtot.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Ventilation mechanics as an aid to diagnosis of early emphysematous disease (author's transl)].

Respiratory function in 27 subjects with at least one anomaly in ventilation mechanics suggestive of emphysema was compared with that of a control population by means of plethysmographic indices. Results showed that static compliance to CRF and compliance for a volume nil for the elastic properties of the lung on the one hand and alveolar compression for dynamic properties on the other hand, appear to be valid criteria for early diagnosis of emphysema.

Adult↗