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Biomedical subjects

F Frost

Publications and source records attributed to F Frost.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Intrathecal baclofen infusion. Effect on bladder management programs in patients with myelopathy.

Intrathecal administration of Baclofen, a GABA agonist, through an implantable drug delivery pump has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of limb spasticity in patients with myelopathy. Three patients, followed before and after pump placement, experienced satisfactory spasticity relief and improvement in areas of self-care and mobility. Improvement in the bladder management programs of each patient was noted. These changes coincided with improvement on urodynamic studies, defined as either an increase in bladder capacity or a decrease in sphincter dyssynergia. Changes in bladder function were associated with the initiation of intrathecal therapy and with changes in pump-delivered dosages. In selected patients, intrathecal baclofen infusion can have a beneficial effect on bladder management programs.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Dysgerminoma, gonadoblastoma, and testicular germ cell neoplasia in phenotypically female and male siblings with 46 XY genotype.

46 XY gonadal dysgenesis is a syndrome characterized by a female phenotype with streak gonads and complicated by the frequent occurrence of germ cell tumors. The syndrome and the risk of malignant disease occur in female siblings sharing the XY genotype, and screening of female siblings and prophylactic gonadectomy in those affected is generally recommended. A family of four siblings is described in which two phenotypically female XY children and one male each have developed germ cell tumors, demonstrating that brothers of affected sisters may also be at risk.

Child↗
PubMed1986

A comparative study of hospital fetal death records and Washington State fetal death certificates.

Hospital fetal death records were compared with Washington State fetal death certificates to ascertain the completeness of reporting. Washington State law requires reporting of all fetal deaths of 20 or more weeks gestation. For 16 hospitals reporting 603 fetal deaths, an additional 49 fetal deaths were identified in the mother's charts. The study documents underreporting, especially in the gestational ages closet to the 20-week age limitation where 71 per cent of the 48 unreported cases were 20 to 27 weeks gestation.

Death Certificates↗
PubMed1986

Immediate public health concerns and actions in volcanic eruptions: lessons from the Mount St. Helens eruptions, May 18-October 18, 1980.

A comprehensive epidemiological evaluation of mortality and short-term morbidity associated with explosive volcanic activity was carried out by the Centers for Disease Control in collaboration with affected state and local health departments, clinicians, and private institutions. Following the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, a series of public health actions were rapidly instituted to develop accurate information about volcanic hazards and to recommend methods for prevention or control of adverse effects on safety and health. These public health actions included: establishing a system of active surveillance of cause-specific emergency room (ER) visits and hospital admissions in affected and unaffected communities for comparison; assessing the causes of death and factors associated with survival or death among persons located near the crater; analyzing the mineralogy and toxicology of sedimented ash and the airborne concentration of resuspended dusts; investigating reported excesses of ash-related adverse respiratory effects by epidemiological methods such as cross-sectional and case-control studies; and controlling rumors and disseminating accurate, timely information about volcanic hazards and recommended preventive or control measures by means of press briefings and health bulletins. Surveillance and observational studies indicated that: excess in morbidity were limited to transient increases in ER visits and hospital admissions for traumatic injuries and respiratory problems (but not for communicable disease or mental health problems) which were associated in time, place, and person with exposures to volcanic ash; excessive mortality due to suffocation (76 per cent), thermal injuries (12 per cent), or trauma (12 per cent) by ash and other volcanic hazards was directly proportional to the degree of environmental damage--that is, it was more pronounced among those persons (48/65, or about 74 per cent) who, at the time of the eruption, were residing, camping, or sightseeing (despite restrictions) or working (with permission) closer to the crater in areas affected by the explosive blast, pyroclastic and mud flows, and heavy ashfall; and de novo appearance of ash-related asthma was not observed, but transient excesses in adverse respiratory effects occurred in two high-risk groups--hypersusceptibles (with preexisting asthma or chronic bronchitis) and heavily exposed workers. Laboratory and field studies indicated that: volcanic ash had mild to moderate fibrogenic potential, consisting of greater than 90 per cent (by count) respirable size particles which contained 4-7 per cent (by weight) crystalline free silica (SiO2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Air↗
PubMed1985

Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis associated with malignant disease: a clinicopathological study of 16 cases.

Among 2627 necropsies performed in the Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, over a period of 11 years, 16 cases of non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) were found in patients with cancer (13 adenocarcinomas). The final stay in hospital of seven of these patients was complicated by a major embolic cerebral (six patients), or spinal cord (one patient), stroke. In all cases, the diagnosis of NBTE was made at necropsy. The aortic valve was affected in 10 patients, the mitral valve in five, and both the mitral and tricuspid valves in one. The diagnosis of NBTE should be considered in any patient with a known, or suspected, malignant neoplasm who suffers a stroke or other unexplained embolic events.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

A three-state study of waterborne disease surveillance techniques.

For a two-year period, the states of Colorado, Vermont and Washington tested the effectiveness of ten surveillance methods for identifying waterborne disease. Nine were active surveillance methods, soliciting illness reports; one was passive, relying on voluntary disease reporting. One waterborne disease outbreak was identified through use of the nine active methods, while 14 were reported through the passive surveillance method. The presence of coliform bacteria during routine water testing was not related to illness in the community.

Colorado↗
PubMed1985

Maternal deaths in Washington state.

The completeness of maternal death reporting in Washington state was determined by comparing death certificates to the birth and fetal death records for women, age 15 to 45, dying from selected causes. From 1977 to 1981 there was 112% underreporting of maternal deaths. Only 17 of 36 maternal deaths were able to be identified on death certificates as being pregnancy related. Of the 36 deaths, two major causes of death were identified: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (13 deaths) and pulmonary embolism (six deaths).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Effects of maternal education, age, and parity on fatal infant accidents.

Accidents are a major cause of death among children. Using computerized linked birth and death record information, this study examined the relationship of selected parental factors to the risk of infant accidental death. The analyses suggest that maternal age and education are inversely related to infant accident mortality while mother's parity is directly related. Accident mortality rate differentials by educational level were more evident for certain categories of accidents.

Accidents↗
PubMed1984

Giardiasis in an infant and toddler swim class.

A Giardia infected Washington State child was found to participate in an infant and toddler swim class. A stool survey of 70 child participants revealed a 61 per cent prevalence of Giardia infection. Also, 39 per cent of 53 mothers and 28 per cent of 21 fathers were Giardia positive. None of the non-swimming playmates were positive. Thirty-five per cent of 23 children exposed only at a better maintained pool to which the classes had been moved four weeks prior to the survey were positive. No evidence of transmission to non-swim class pool users was found.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Birth complication reporting: the effect of birth certificate design.

The completeness of reporting of selected birth complications and congenital malformations on the Washington State birth certificate was estimated by comparing the total occurrences reported on birth certificates to the totals reported in hospital records. Two time periods were studied (1977-78 and 1980-81 before and after changes in birth certificate design). The design change (inclusion of a series of check boxes for conditions) was found to provide more complete reporting of birth complications.

Birth Certificates↗
PubMed1982

Giardia prevalence among 1-to-3-year-old children in two Washington State counties.

A survey of intestinal parasites was conducted in two Washington counties. Giardia prevalence among 518 children surveyed was 7.1 per cent and was unrelated to the source of domestic drinking water (surface or well), day care center attendance, or parental occupation. Identified risk factors for Giardia infection include a history of drinking untreated surface water and having two or more siblings between the ages of 3 and 10 years. Of 47 family members of Giardia positive children, 10 (21.3 per cent) were Giardia positive.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Completeness of infant death registration for very low birthweight infants: Washington State 1978-79.

Washington State hospitals were queried about the fate of 507 infants born in 1978-79 for whom no linked death certificate existed. Only ten previously unregistered deaths were discovered, raising mortality for this group by 2.5 per cent. In addition, 13 previously unmatched death records were linked to birth records, providing more accurate calculation of birthweight-specific mortality rates. Washington State infant death registration is more complete that that found in either Georgia or North Carolina.

Birth Certificates↗
PubMed1981

Influenza B virus vaccines in children and adults: adverse reactions, immune response, and observations in the field.

A double-blind trial of influenza virus vaccines was initiated in the fall of 1976. One dose of 500 chick cell-agglutinating units of subvirion influenza B vaccine gave negligible adverse reactions in schoolchildren and young adults, whereas whole-virus vaccine caused systemic reactions. Subvirion vaccines induced a complement-fixing antibody response, particularly in children, that returned to near original levels over a two-year period. Levels of hemagglutination-inhibiting (HAI) antibodies induced by the vaccine remained elevated for at least 2.5 years in the absence of natural challenge. When a major epidemic of influenza B occurred in the winter of 1979-1980, the youngest children (originally six to nine years of age) had the highest infection rate (53%); in this group protection was estimated at 44% +/- 17% by serologic evidence of infection. Little vaccine efficacy was demonstrated in older age groups at three years after vaccination, despite the persistence of HAI antibodies induced by the vaccine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Out-of-hospital delivery in Washington State, 1975 to 1977.

The annual rate of out-of-hospital deliveries in Washington State increased from 1.6% in 1975, to 2.4% in 1977. Birth certificates, linked birth and death certificates files, and log books from tertiary referral hospitals were used to investigate this trend. As parity increased, rates of home delivery (HD) also increased (p less than 0.001). However, alternative birth center delivery (BCD) rates did not change with parity (p greater than 0.1). HD rates and BCD rates increased with birth weight (p less than 0.001). Obstetric professionals attended 91% of BCD as compared to 65% of HD. Fifty-four percent of the women in the BCD group had 10 or more prenatal visits compared to 40% in the HD group. Infant mortality rates were lower with BCD than with HD. However, our analysis of mortality was limited by countervailing biases inherent in the data. We concluded that out-of-hospital deliveries were a heterogeneous group that in future studies should be stratified into groups of birth center deliveries and home deliveries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Psoriatic arthritis treated with oral zinc sulphate.

Twenty-four patients suffering from psoriatic arthritis participated in a double blind cross-over trial of peroral zinc sulphate versus placebo (Trial I). Eleven patients continued an open trial of peroral zinc sulphate for an additional 24 weeks (Trial II). Remission was assessed by the disappearance of symptoms (overall condition, morning stiffness, functional capacity of the joints and joint pains), and signs (mobility and swelling of the joints). Reduction of joint pains as well as increase of mobility and decrease of swelling of several joints were observed. the clinical signs of reduced inflammation were accompanied biochemically by reduction of serum immunoglobulins and an increase of serum albumin. The need for analgesics was diminished. Severe side-effects and changes in the psoriatic skin involvement were not seen. Oral zinc sulphate seems to be valuable in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Racial differences between linked birth and infant death records in Washington State.

The race of infants who died in Washington State 1968-1977 was ascertained by two different methods: 1) race on the death record, and 2) race on the corresponding linked birth record. The second method resulted in substantial increases in the numbers of infant deaths for the nonwhite races: Indian 39 per cent (n = 114/293), Filipino 56 per cent (n = 19/34), Japanese 121 per cent (n = 23/19), and Chinese 117 per cent (n = 14/12). For Indians, the discrepancy between birth and death records was greatest when the age at death was less than seven days (p < 0.01).

Birth Certificates↗