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F Fumeron

Publications and source records attributed to F Fumeron.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

A positive correlation between energy intake and body mass index in a population of 1312 overweight subjects.

The energy intake (EI) of 1312 overweight subjects was assessed using the research dietary history method. EI was positively associated with overweight--as expressed by the body mass index (BMI)--in both males and females. Such findings are at variance with earlier reports of low dietary intakes in the obese and of an inverse relationship between EI and BMI. This discrepancy could be related to the dietary-interviews method used and/or to differences in the degree of motivation of the obese subjects in the various studies. On the other hand, our results are consistent with the positive relationship between energy expenditure (EE) and BMI previously reported in the literature and with the expected EE of our subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Low high density lipoprotein-2 concentrations in obese male subjects.

In this study we have compared the lipoprotein patterns, in particular HDL subfractions, of 34 obese men to those of 34 normoponderal normolipemic men, matched for age and use of tobacco. Obesity was associated with increased VLDL concentrations in only half the subjects. HDL concentrations in all obese subjects were lower than in matched controls. The decrease was most marked in the HDL2 subfraction in which cholesterol and protein contents were decreased by 50%; it was independent of triglyceride levels and not related to the severity of overweight. Moreover, while HDL2 was negatively correlated with BMI (P less than 0.01) when both populations were considered together, the correlation disappeared when calculated separately within each population, suggesting a threshold effect. The low levels of HDL2 might result from discretely altered lipolysis, not sufficient to cause an elevation in fasting triglyceridemia. In this case, HDL2 should prove to be a sensitive index of lipolytic efficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Association of apolipoprotein epsilon 4 allele with hypertriglyceridemia in obesity.

Hypertriglyceridemia is the most frequent lipid abnormality associated with obesity. Genetic polymorphism of apolipoprotein E (apoE) has been demonstrated to influence lipid levels. We wanted to assess the role of apoE alleles in the hypertriglyceridemias of the obese population. The apoE phenotypes and lipid status were investigated in a population of 172 obese French subjects. The frequencies of phenotypes E4/3, E4/4 and E4/2 were 29.7%, 8.1% and 2.1%, respectively, in a subgroup with triglycerides greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl (n = 37) versus 14.2%, 2.7% and 0.9% in the normolipidemic subgroup (p less than 0.005). The odds ratio of hypertriglyceridemia was 3.15 for obese subjects with epsilon 4; 27.7% of hypertriglyceridemias could be attributed to epsilon 4 allele. It is concluded that the genetic polymorphism of apoE modulates the effects of obesity on lipids and lipoproteins and that allele epsilon 4 increases the risk of obesity-induced hypertriglyceridemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Permanent administration of d-fenfluramine in rats: paradoxical effects.

In order to test the hypothesis of Levitzky that d-fenfluramine (d-F) acts by modifying the ponderal set-point, we compared the effects of a permanent infusion of d-F on food intake and body weight (BW). The effect on the weight persisted as long as the infusion; the clear-cut anorectic effect lasted only a few days. This paradox is compatible with the set-point hypothesis. In rats rendered overweight by insulin treatment, the d-F-induced decrease in BW was approximately four times smaller than in controls. In rats rendered overweight by a cafeteria diet, the decrease in BW was twice as large in permanently cafeteria fed rats as in cafeteria, then, ad lib fed rats. In rats rendered underweight by a restricted chow diet and then returned to an ad lib feeding, the final BW depended only on the doses of d-F (0.6 or 12 mg/kg BW/day), whatever the weight at the beginning of infusion. Thus, the underweight paradigm fits well with the set-point hypothesis; the overweight paradigm fits only partially.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Comparative effects of several simple carbohydrates on erythrocyte insulin receptors in obese subjects.

The effects of simple carbohydrates on erythrocyte insulin receptors, plasma insulin and plasma glucose were studied during four hypocaloric, hyperproteic, diets. One diet contained no carbohydrate; the other three contained 36 g of either glucose, galactose or fructose. These diets were given for a 14-day period to groups of moderately obese subjects. The hypocaloric carbohydrate-free diet produced a decrease in plasma insulin and glucose concentrations concomitant with an increase in the number of insulin receptors. A similar increase in insulin receptor number was found when the diet was supplemented with glucose or galactose, but not with fructose. The presence of fructose in the diet prevented any increase in insulin receptor number.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1982

HLA and longevity.

One hundred fifty-five healthy nonagenarians, 45 men and 100 women, all French Caucasians, were phenotyped for alleles of the A, B, C, DR loci of the HLA complex. The observed HLA antigen frequencies were compared to those of a control series of 133 males and 179 females whose ages ranged from 10 to 50 years. When comparing the total young and elderly series, no significant differences were observed with respect to HLA antigen distribution or heterozygosity at any of the loci. When taking sex difference into account, however, an excess of the Cw1 antigen was found in the group of elderly females (p less than 0.001) and an excess of the Cw7 antigen in the group of elderly males (p less than 0.001). Of particular significance was the fact that Cw7 belonged in this instance to a phenotypic combination (and most probably to the corresponding haplotype) A1/Cw7/B8/DR3 which was found significantly increased in male nonagenarians (p less than 0.001). These results support the hypothesis that certain HLA haplotypes are associated with survival advantage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Studies on an isolated West Indies population: I. Analysis of HLA genotypes.

The transmission of HLA genes was studied in an isolated population of French origin on the lesser Antilles islands in the West Indies. The study of 74 unrelated individuals, 44 of whom were genotyped, was carried out for the alleles of HLA loci: A, B, C and Bf (proactivator factor of properdin). As a result of the founder effect and the inbreeding process, the HLA haplotypes were noted to be less polymorphic than in a French continental population. Two haplotypes: A2, Cw5, B12, BfS and A3, C-, B14, BfF represent 24% of the observed haplotypes, and only 2% of the reference haplotypes in France. No significant excess or deficit of homozygotes was observed at the A and B loci.

Deafness↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[HLA tracers and Cushing's syndrome (author's transl)].

HLA-A and B phenotypes were determined in 38 patients with Cushing's syndrome (29 Cushing's diseases, 9 others etiologies) and compared with those of 591 normal subjects. No significant differences was found in the HLA antigens distribution in the two groups. However the series is too small to definitely support the hypothesis of a lack of correlation with HLA. Indeed, the increased prevalence of B8 antigen in Cushing's disease (28%) as compared to that in the control group (17%), although not statistically significant, emphasizes the need for further typing of HLA-DR, particularly RDw3 which is known to be linked to D8 through desequilibrium and associated with several autoimmune diseases.

Cushing Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Genetic approach of family obesity: study of HLA antigens in 10 families and 86 unrelated obese subjects.

HLA A and B typing was performed in 86 unrelated obese subjects and in 10 families including at least one parent and one obese sibling. The results in the series of unrelated subjects show no significant difference in antigen frequencies as compared to the control series. However in the 10 families studied, a group of 5 families is characterized by a high penetrance of obesity. In this group, inheritance of obesity seems to be transmitted through a dominant mode, and antigen B 18 appeared 4 times out of 5. The possible existence of a genetic form of obesity is considered in the discussion.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Influence of apolipoprotein E polymorphism in alcoholic cirrhosis].

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the polymorphism of apolipo-protein E was associated with the development of alcoholic cirrhosis and could influence the severity of liver injury evaluated by the Child-Pugh score. METHOD: We investigated 75 alcoholic patients with a histological diagnosis of cirrhosis, with negative HBV, HCV serology and a control group of 54 subjects. Polymorphism of apolipoprotein E was performed using PCR. RESULTS: There was no difference for the allele frequency and the genotype in the cirrhotic group and the control group. Cirrhotic patients with allele epsilon 2 had higher concentration of albumin (P = 0.01) and a higher level of apolipoprotein AII (P < 0.05) than those with allele epsilon 3. They also had a higher concentration of apolipoprotein AI than cirrhotic patients with allele epsilon 3 and epsilon 4 (P = 0.01). There was a statistical difference between the three genotype groups for prothrombin time (P = 0.01). There was no statistical difference between the three genotype groups for Child-Pugh score. CONCLUSIONS: Polymorphism of apolipoprotein E was not associated with the development of alcoholic cirrhosis. However patients with allele epsilon 2 had better hepatocellular function.

Adult↗