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Biomedical subjects

F Gaillard

Publications and source records attributed to F Gaillard.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Primary Epstein-Barr virus infection with clonal T-cell lymphoproliferation.

A case of fatal Epstein-Barr virus infection in a previously healthy girl who was first found to have severe infectious mononucleosis with spontaneous recovery is reported. Because an abnormal immune response to the virus persisted, the disease relapsed, manifesting in cutaneous and pulmonary lesions associated with hemophagocytic syndrome responsible for death. Pathologic findings were characterized by polymorphous atypical lymphoid infiltrate, prominent necrosis, and histiocytic hyperplasia. Lymphoid cells displayed CD8 phenotype and clonal T-cell receptor gene rearrangement. Viral genome was detected in lesions by Southern blot and located in nuclei of lymphoid cells by in situ hybridization. Pathologic findings suggested fatal infectious mononucleosis; however, phenotype and genotype favored a malignant diagnosis. Clonality was demonstrated to have arisen during primary infection. Virologic examination indicated that Epstein-Barr virus was a causative agent. Such a process belongs to the recently recognized spectrum of Epstein-Barr virus-related T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders that might overlap fatal infectious mononucleosis in patients who are especially vulnerable to the virus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Immunohistochemical detection of cells positive for colony-stimulating factor 1 in lymph nodes from reactive lymphadenitis, and Hodgkin's disease.

Colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) is a cytokine involved in hematopoiesis and perhaps more importantly in the early stages of immunological defense mechanisms. Although numerous studies of in vitro CSF-1-producing cells have been published, in vivo data is totally lacking. According, we performed immunohistochemical detection of CSF-1-positive cells on frozen sections of reactive lymphadenitis (three cases) and Hodgkin's disease (13 cases) lymph node biopsies, using as antibody a highly specific polyclonal rabbit antiserum prepared in our laboratory. Endothelial cells from high endothelial venules and most fibroblasts were positive in all cases (reactive lymphadenitis and Hodgkin's samples), and most lymphocytes in interfollicular T cell areas showed faint granular positivity in reactive lymphadenitis lymph nodes. Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells were positive in all cases tested, although staining intensity was highly variable and the percentage of positive cells differed from case to case. These data from in vivo biopsies confirm previous results for in vitro CSF-1 production by endothelial cells, fibroblasts, T lymphocytes, and Hodgkin cell lines. They are consistent with the role of this cytokine in immune response and raise the question of its significance in Hodgkin's disease.

Hodgkin Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Vertebral compressions revealing Cushing's syndrome. 3 cases].

The authors report three cases of osteoporotic vertebral fractures in the Cushing Syndrome. This osteoporosis is partially reversible after treatment of the cause. Laboratory findings must comport a cortisonuric and a 17 hydroxycorticosterone cycle.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Prognostic and therapeutic aspects of lympho-epithelial lesions of the parotid. Apropos of 8 cases].

The so-called benign lympho-epithelial lesion (BLEL) of the parotid is a rare condition. Its diagnosis is based on histology. For a long time there have been problems with its classification and prognosis: classification since certain cases may be classified as Sjögren's syndrome or as a precursor of the latter, prognosis there may be recurrence, contralateral involvement or progression to non-hodgkin's lymphoma. The authors discuss these factors in 8 cases and propose total parotidectomy with facial nerve preservation as the treatment of choice.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Quantitative studies on ipsilateral type 2 retinotectotectal (IRTT) units in frogs: homologies with R3 ganglion cells.

Contralateral and ipsilateral responses from deep layers of the rostral neuropil of the optic tectum of Rana esculenta were recorded extracellularly and quantitatively analyzed. Effects of the velocity and diameter of the stimulus on the neuronal response (measured as the mean firing frequency, R) were mainly tested in this work. 1. Among the population of changing contrast or event ganglion cells, R3-like units (with a weak response to background off-on stimulation) were defined in addition to typical R3 ganglion cells. 2. A power function relating R and the stimulus velocity (v) was established in all units (R = k v alpha), with alpha = 0.80-1.07 and k = 2.1-9.5 for R3 units, alpha = 0.55-0.77 and k = 5.8-15.2 for R3-like units, and alpha = 0.80-1.16 and k = 1.3-5.1 for ipsilateral I2 units. 3. The area function was expressed by a logarithmic function. In all classes the maximal response was obtained with 4.4 degrees-7.5 degrees targets, independent of the test velocity. 4. Both the velocity and the diameter of the stimulus influenced the value of the dynamic receptive field diameter. 5. Finally, results show that qualitative and quantitative properties of I2 units are similar to those of R3 ganglion cells.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1989

Quantitative stimulus-response studies on sustained ganglion cells in the frog retina.

"Sustained" visual units, i.e. nonerasable (R1) and erasable (R2) units as commonly described, were recorded in the superficial layers of the rostral optic tectum of Rana esculenta and their neuronal activity (expressed as the mean firing frequency R) was quantitatively analyzed. The mean value of the exponent alpha of the velocity function of the erasable R1 units was found to be 0.46 and the constant k to be about 24.7. The optimal stimulus diameter was equal to 2.6 deg. For the whole population of the erasable units, the exponent alpha was found to be between 0.36-0.75 (mean value approximately 0.56, i.e. largely different from the values currently reported for such units) and was independent of the stimulus diameter (D = 0.6-6 deg). However, the constant k of the velocity function (range: 8.2-37.7) varied with D. Most of the erasable units (called "mixed R1-R2" units) therefore showed an R1-type velocity function with an exponent alpha approximately 0.5 and a constant k approximately 25 but reacted to other parameters as did "typical" R2 units: (i) their neuronal response was related to the stimulus diameter by a logarithmic function with a maximum obtained for D = 2.4 deg; and (ii) a variation of about 4-17% on either side of the average value of R was observed, independent either of the stimulus velocity or of the diameter of the stimulus. Results are compared to known quantitative data, and the use of stimulus-response relationships as a tool for classification is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Cost and quality of psycho-pedagogic institutional care: the case of 56 establishments in the Swiss canton of Vaud.

We studied 56 boarding institutions caring for 834 children and adolescents with different kinds of difficulties or handicaps in the Swiss Canton of Vaud. In order to weigh the purely qualitative approach we performed two different statistical analyses: 1) a correlation matrix between all qualitative and quantitative variables with the daily individual cost of the institutional care. This cost has been calculated in a standard manner and independently of each institution's accounts. 2) a factor analysis of the collected data led us to the identification of different patterns of institutional functioning. This study stresses the importance of the staff/pupil coefficient, i.e. the richness of the pedago-therapeutic framing--the intervention of specialists such as special teachers, psychologists, and speech and/or motor therapists-, and more particularly the higher ratio of specialist help compared to pure educative staff. The severity of the cases, evaluated by independent specialist observers, was in direct relation to this factor independently of the kind of difficulty or handicap.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Carney's complex (myxomas, pigmented spots and endocrine hyperactivity). Apropos of a partial form in monozygotic twins].

The authors describe monozygotic twins with right ventricular myxoma, one of whom had cutaneous myxomas, large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor of the testis (a lesion which was certainly latent in his brother) and recurrent cardiac myxoma. These elements are manifestations of "Carney's complex". This recently reported inherited syndrome should be recognized by pathologists because of major risk of cardiac myxoma. Cutaneous lesions, specially cutaneous myxomas, are heralds of this syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Immunohistochemical study of 4 cases of mucoid and argyrophilic carcinoma of the breast].

Three to 5% of breast carcinomas are argyrophilic, including some which are mucinous and thus "composite", whereas there are no argyrophilic cells in normal breast nor in benign breast pathology. This raises the problem of the origin and type of these argyrophilic cells. We carried out a histologic and immunohistochemical study in 4 such cases of mucoid tumors containing at least 50% argyrophilic cells. Two of these tumors presenting node involvement were also studied immunohistochemically. The histologic study showed colloid and intragalactophoric proliferation areas in cell cases and some endocrine areas in 2 out of 4 cases. Argyrophilic cells were present in all of these areas. True mucoargyrophilic amphicrine cells were found primarily in colloid areas. None of these tumors were argentaffin. Immunohistochemical study was performed by the PAP method using antibody directed against VIP, ACTH, PP, somatostatin, bombesin, calcitonin, gastrin, prolactin and GH. Three out of four tumors were positive with VIP. Moreover one of them contained ACTH cells and a metastasis of this tumor contained bombesin cells. No tumor was positive with the other anti-sera tested. This study is related to the rare series in the literature which report secretion of ACTH, catecholamins, bombesin, gastrin, VIP, PP, somatostatin, prolactin, etc. The number of cases reported to date remains too low to show a significant prognostic difference between amphicrine tumors and other mammary carcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1986

The velocity function of ipsilateral visual units in the frog optic tectum: comparison with retinal ganglion cells.

Ipsilateral retino-tecto-isthmo-tectal units in frogs were commonly classified in two groups (I1 and I2) according to their functional properties. Quantitative measurements of their discharge in response to automatically moved targets are described below for the first time. Results show that the velocity function of these units can be expressed by a power function respectively similar to that described earlier (see ref. 6) for R2 and R3 retinal ganglion cells. The existence of mixed 'sustained' units is also discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Algodystrophy in children and young adults with low isotope retention in the bones. Apropos of 5 cases].

The authors report 5 observations of young adults, 3 teen-agers and 2 children suffering from algodystrophy, and in whom isotopic exploration of the skeleton disclosed a clear bony hypofixation during the entire evolution. These observations confirm their 1981 work concerning a young adult suffering from algodystrophy with isotopic bony hypofixation. Recent Canadian and American studies emphasize also the frequency of isotopic hypofixation in children algodystrophy. It seems, therefore, that isotopic bony hypofixation (linked perhaps to a decreased blood flow), is rather specific of algodystrophy in young subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Value of absorbable stapling in digestive surgery? Experimental study comparing TA metallic stapling, TA absorbable stapling and manual sutures].

Absorbable staples, recently available for TA 55 instrument, has not been yet evaluated in gastro-intestinal surgery. This experimental work was designed to determine the feasibility and the reality of the advantages of the new material: the wound healing process of 3 techniques of intestinal closure (metal staples, Lactomer absorbable staples and polyglactin sutures) were compared. A double Roux en Y loop was performed on 9 dogs: each end was closed by one of these techniques, and recuperated at regular intervals (3 samples by dog). Twelve sutures were examined at 10 post-operative days, 14 at 25 days, and 10 at 130 days. Macroscopic examination showed major inflammatory adhesions around absorbable staples. Two fistulae have complicated absorbable stapling versus 0 with the 2 others techniques. Histologic review showed greater tissue trauma with Lactomer staples than metal staples; intense and prolonged inflammatory reaction was seen around absorbable staples, while metal staples were well tolerated. The difference in design of the 2 staples can explain the differences in the healing process. In spite of the interest for absorbable material, our experimental study shows the present superiority of the metal stapling and prompts improvements of absorbable staples for reliable use in gastro-intestinal surgery.

Animals↗