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Biomedical subjects

F Garijo

Publications and source records attributed to F Garijo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Effects of melatonin on mammary gland lesions in transgenic mice overexpressing N-ras proto-oncogene.

The oncostatic effects of melatonin on the mammary gland have been studied in transgenic mice carrying the N-ras proto-oncogene under the control of the MMTV-LTR. Female (4-week-old) virgin mice with positive transgenic pedigrees were injected with melatonin (200 micrograms/mouse/ day, five times a week) or vehicle late in the evening. After 5 months of treatment, animals were sacrificed and the mammary glands were dissected for whole mounts, histology, and immunohistochemical analysis with a mouse monoclonal antibody specific for N-ras protein. Mammary glands of control transgenic mice showed different densities of hyperplastic alveolar nodules (HANs) consisting primarily of dysplastic epithelial cells with nuclear atypia and prominent nucleoli. The epithelial cells of HANs showed a high expression of N-ras while no immunostaining was detected in the unaffected mammary parenchyma. Only one (10%) of the control transgenic mice presented an infiltrating ductal carcinoma with the neoplastic cells overexpressing N-ras protein. The mammary glands of melatonin treated mice had a lower density of HANs, absence of epithelial dysplastic cells, and weak immunostaining of N-ras protein in comparison to the vehicle-treated group. None of the melatonin treated animals developed mammary carcinomas during the observation period. The lymph nodes of the inguinal mammary glands of all the vehicle-treated transgenic mice presented hyperplasia and two animals even had lymphomas, whereas in melatonin-treated animals there was less hyperplasia (two cases were atrophic) and a lack of lymphomas. We conclude that in the mammary glands of MMTV-LTR/N-ras transgenic female virgin mice, melatonin a) reduces the incidence of HANs and the expression of N-ras protein in focal hyperplastic lesions, b) completely prevents the development of epithelial cell atypia and mammary adenocarcinomas, and c) also reduces the hyperplasia of the mammary lymphoid tissue and prevents the development of lymphomas.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Core needle aspiration biopsy of palpable breast masses.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the usefulness of core needle aspiration biopsy (CNAB) with an 18-gauge modified menghini needle in the preoperative evaluation of 145 palpable breast masses as the major indicator for definitive treatment by surgery. Of the 145 lesions histologically verified by surgery, 126 were diagnosed as carcinoma, of which 117 were correctly diagnosed by the needle biopsy (93%). CNAB showed a sensitivity of 90% in the diagnosis of breast malignancy and a specificity of 100%. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 91%. There were no false-positive results and after definitive diagnosis with the Menghini needle, a one-stage procedure without frozen sections could be performed for definitive treatment of breast carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Nonpalpable breast lesion. Stereotaxic core needle aspiration biopsy with a single pass.

One hundred and fifty-six patients with suspect nonpalpable breast lesion underwent stereotaxic core needle aspiration biopsy (SCNAB) with a single pass in an upright "add-on" stereotaxic device using a manual 1.6-mm needle (16 G), to determine whether the results were comparable to results of SCNAB with a multiple-pass technique. Of the 69 carcinomas, 51 (74%) were correctly diagnosed and definitive surgical therapy, without surgical biopsy, was performed in 42 of the 50 invasive carcinomas (84%) and in 9 of the 19 noninvasive carcinomas (47%). Ten noninvasive carcinomas and 4 invasive carcinomas, discovered by microcalcifications or distortion on the mammograms, form 78% of the false-negative results. There were no false-positive results. Vasovagal reactions occurred in 11% of the procedures. Although the results were acceptable in patients with invasive carcinoma, more than one needle pass is necessary for greater diagnostic accuracy of SCNAB, especially in patients with only microcalcifications or distortion on the mammogram.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1993

Radial scar and tubular carcinoma. Mammographic and sonographic findings.

Clinical, mammographic, sonographic and pathologic examinations in 17 patients with nonpalpable stellate lesions showed radiographic findings suggestive of radial scars, with the exception of 2 cases which showed a dense central region. These findings were not sufficiently consistent to differentiate radial scar from carcinoma so that wire localization biopsy was necessary. Four patients had 7 radial scars associated with 6 tubular carcinomas, 2 of them having 3 and 2 radial scars with 2 tubular carcinomas, respectively. No characteristic radiographic findings were made in these cases. Four patients showed radial scar with punctate microcalcifications in the surrounding breast parenchyma as part of benign and premalignant conditions. Ultrasonography in 7 patients showed a hypoechoic area on 4 with acoustic shadow similar to that of carcinoma. Our study suggested that radial scar has a relationship with tubular carcinoma and surgical excision of these stellate lesions is, therefore, required.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

Epidermoid carcinoma of the lung in stage I: factors of prognostic interest.

Factors affecting stage I epidermoid cancer of the lung were studied in a series of 29 patients treated only by surgery and followed up for ten years. A set of 13 variables with a possible influence on prognosis were investigated. The application of the Cox Univariate Analysis to the different variables showed the grade of cell differentiation and the mitotic index to be predictors. In the Cox Multivariate Analysis, the proportional regression equation revealed two independently significant variables (p < 0.01), which were the Mitotic Index and Nuclear Area. Grouping patients on the basis of the prognostic variables indicated allows a better prediction for survival to be made for this series of patients.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Glomerular morphometry of adriamycin-induced focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis in the rat.

The present paper presents a morphometric study of the evolution of the glomerulus in Adriamycin-induced focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis in the rat over 32 weeks. The morphometric parameters studied generally varied significantly when the groups treated with Adriamycin were compared with controls. Glomerular area and perimeter showed an irregular pattern and finally ended up with values similar to those of the control group. Glomerular capillary tuft area and perimeter were always significantly greater in Adriamycin-treated groups than in controls. The mesangial area of treated animals increased over the study period in comparison with that of controls. While the total number of cells in the glomerular capillary tuft had an irregular pattern, the proportion of cells in relation to glomerular capillary tuft area was significantly lower in treated animals than in controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Correlation between tubulointerstitial nephropathy and glomerular lesions induced by adriamycin.

This paper describes a morphometric study of the evolution of tubulointerstitial nephropathy in adriamycin-induced focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis in Wistar rats over 32 weeks old. The earliest changes were located in the glomeruli. In the 10 week of the study, tubulointerstitial nephropathy appeared and, although the interstitial space increased after the 2nd week, this increase only became statistically significant after the 10 week. Proteinuria showed the highest correlation with the interstitial space, however, the interstitial space showed the highest correlation indices with the total number of glomeruli affected and to a lesser extent with adhesions to and thickening of Bowman's capsule.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Kidney cortical necrosis induced by mitomycin-C: a morphologic experimental study.

Experimental studies on mitomycin-C nephrotoxicity are scanty and mention the occurrence of cortical hemorrhage, tubular necrosis, or hydronephrosis secondary to papillomatous hyperplasia of the uroepithelium. To our knowledge, only one experimental study has mentioned morphological lesions similar to the hemolytic uremic syndrome in the human. In the present study 40 female Wistar rats were studied following unilateral renal perfusion of the left kidney with 2 mg/kg of mitomycin-C. Renal lesions corresponded to cortical necrosis with the presence of large bizarre nuclei. The presence of these nuclear atypias supports a direct toxic effect (alkylation) of the mitomycin or its metabolites on cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Prognosis factors in adenocarcinoma of the kidney. I. Staging, clinical and macroscopic factors of the tumor].

In 95 cases of renal adenocarcinoma (32 stage I, 18 II, 26 III, and 19 IV) submitted to radical nephrectomy and hilar lymphadenectomy with a follow-up of 5 years, we evaluated the prognostic value of the Robson classification (p less than 0.01), categories T (p less than 0.01), N (p less than 0.01), M (p less than 0.01) and V (p = NS), 3 clinical parameters (sex, age, duration of symptoms and signs) which proved to be of no prognostic value, and 6 macroscopic features of the tumor (solid or cystic nature of the tumor, presence of intrarenal tumor satellite modules, ureteric invasion, tumor size, site and intrarenal location of the tumor). Four of the foregoing proved to influence prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

[Prognosis factors in adenocarcinoma of the kidney. II. Microscopic factors].

The prognostic value of several microscopic parameters were evaluated in 95 cases of renal adenocarcinoma (32 stage I, 18 II, 26 III and 19 IV) submitted to radical nephrectomy and hilar lymphadenectomy with a 5-year follow-up. No prognostic significance was observed for cell type, architectural pattern, borders, and degree of peritumoral lymphocyte infiltration. A worse prognosis was observed for the high (G 3 + 4) in comparison with the low (G 1 + 2) nuclear grade (p less than 0.01). However, analysis according to stage revealed this parameter only affected prognosis in those cases pertaining to intermediate stages II and III. The mean proliferation rate was 2.97 mitoses/10 fields (500 x). A worse prognosis was observed for a proliferation rate greater than 5 mitoses/10 fields (500 x) in comparison to those with a lower rate (p less than 0.01) but evolves parallel to stage.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

[Prognosis factors in adenocarcinoma of the kidney. III. Nuclear area].

Nuclear morphometry was performed with the MOP-Videoplan morphometry device in 95 cases of renal adenocarcinoma submitted to radical nephrectomy and hilar lymphadenectomy with a 5-year follow-up. For each case, 100 nuclei were randomly selected and delineated (magnification: 1,000x). A statistically significant correlation (p less than 0.05) was observed for the nuclear area and the overall as well as stage-related survivorship. Using a nuclear size of 35 microns 2, the study population can be divided into two groups: those with a good and those with a poor prognosis regardless of stage. A statistically significant difference was observed for the overall as well as the stage-related survivorship for the group with a nuclear area less than 35 microns 2 (good prognosis) in comparison with the group with a nuclear area greater than 35 microns 2.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Histopathologic features of DMBA-induced mammary tumors in blind-underfed, blind-anosmic, and blind cold-exposed rats: influence of the pineal gland.

The influence of the pineal gland on the histopathologic changes induced in mammary glands by 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)-anthracene (DMBA) has been studied. To achieve the maximum expression of pineal action in animals, 28-day-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to one of the following treatments: blindness + olfactory bulbectomy (BA), blindness + underfeeding (BU), or blindness + cold exposure (BC). Half of the rats in each group were also pinealectomized. Animals that were intact or only pinealectomized served as controls. Each animal received a single intragastrical dose of DMBA (20 mg) 4 weeks after performing the treatments mentioned above. At 28 weeks of age animals were sacrificed, and mammary tumors as well as mammary glands without macroscopic lesions were collected. Animals of the BU group failed to develop any tumors throughout the 20-week control period. In the remaining groups, tumors were found; the relation between number of adenocarcinomas (AC) and fibroadenomas was similar, always with a greater incidence of ACs. Some ACs showed areas with changes in the ductal epithelium that are considered signs of tumoral regression; pinealectomized animals had the lowest incidence of ACs with signs of regression. Ductule hyperplasia, considered as a premalignant lesion, was more frequent in pinealectomized rats than in controls and in animals with enhanced pineal function (BA, BU, and BC). Some nontumoral mammary glands showed dysplastic lesions; these lesions were less frequent in BU rats than in controls. We conclude that suppression of pineal function sensitizes the ductule cells to the initiation of neoplastic processes and hinders the development of regressive changes.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed1989

Generation of chordae tendineae with polytetrafluoroethylene stents. Results of mitral valve chordal replacement in sheep.

Surgical repair of ruptured or elongated chordae tendineae of the mitral valve is one of the most complex reconstructive techniques in cardiac surgery. Various surgical procedures have been described to repair chordal abnormalities of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve with unpredictable results. Mitral valve replacement is usually recommended in that situation. This report describes a simple repair technique that we have devised. We resected one or two marginal chordae of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve in 35 sheep and replaced them with a double-armed, pledget-supported, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene suture. The 30 surviving animals were studied hemodynamically and were electively put to death 3, 6, 9, 18, and 24 months after the operation. Mitral insufficiency did not develop in any of the sheep. All specimens had a normal mitral valve without thrombosis. The polytetrafluoroethylene suture remained pliable and was incorporated into the anterior leaflet and papillary muscle. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed that the suture was completely covered by a sheath of tissue with a collagen structure remarkably similar to that of a native chorda. Calcification was not detected in the new chordae. This reproducible and safe technique may considerably simplify the difficult repair of chordal abnormalities.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Xanthomatous endometritis.

A further case of xanthomatous endometritis, characterized by the presence of histiocytic cells in the endometrium, in the absence of carcinoma is described. This lesion seems to be a rare complication of hematometra with cervical occlusion. The foam cells would appear to be macrophages, components of a nonspecific inflammatory reaction, which have phagocytosed breakdown elements of retained endometrial hemorrhage.

Dilatation and Curettage↗
PubMed1983

Livedo reticularis and cerebrovascular lesions (Sneddon's syndrome). Clinical, radiological and pathological features in eight cases.

Eight patients with diffuse livedo reticularis and cerebrovascular lesions (Sneddon's syndrome) are reported. The disorder was inherited by autosomal dominant transmission in 3 cases. Multiple occlusions in medium-sized arteries were demonstrated by cerebral and hand arteriograms. Digital artery biopsies showed intimal hyperplasia in 7 cases and recanalized thrombosis in one case. Our findings are compared with an extensive review of the literature. Differential diagnosis with other vascular disorders, especially cerebral thromboangiitis obliterans and the corticomeningeal angiomatosis of Divry and Van Bogaert is considered. We conclude that Sneddon's syndrome is a new genetic and progressive arteriopathy, occlusive and noninflammatory, involving medium-sized vessels. The pathogenesis has yet to be elucidated.

Adolescent↗