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Biomedical subjects

F Gasthuys

Publications and source records attributed to F Gasthuys.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Pharmacokinetics of a lidocaine patch 5% in dogs.

Lidocaine is increasingly used in transdermal drug delivery systems for different pain conditions in human medicine whereby several pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated minimal systemic absorption in men. In the present study, the pharmacokinetics of a lidocaine patch 5% was studied in six dogs. In the first experiment, one single lidocaine patch was applied for 12 h to the lateral side of the thorax after removing the hair either by clipping or by the application of a depilatory agent, according to a two-way crossover design. No potential adverse effects induced by the patches were observed in either group. In dogs with clipped hair, a mean peak plasma lidocaine concentration of 62.94 ng/ml was obtained after 10.67 h. In the depilatory group, a mean peak plasma concentration of 103.55 ng/ml was reached after 9.27 h. Significant differences in the AUC(0 --> infinity), C(max), k(a) and T(1/2a) were noticed between the two groups. No significant differences were found for the elimination parameters and for T(max). In the second experiment, the patches were applied for 60 h to the clipped skin in order to study the absorption kinetics after a prolonged application period. There, the mean peak lidocaine plasma concentration was 45.18 ng/ml achieved after 24 h and a final concentration of 29.37 ng/ml was obtained at 60 h. In conclusion, all dogs tolerated the transdermal lidocaine patch well. The results of this study suggest that there is an overall minimal absorption from the lidocaine patch. However, the application of a depilatory agent leads to a more rapid and increased absorption of lidocaine.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2006

Refined anaesthesia for implantation of engineered experimental aortic valves in the pulmonary artery using a right heart bypass in sheep.

The feasibility of an anaesthetic protocol developed for surgery during right heart bypass in sheep is reported. Seven female Suffolk sheep, weighing 25-35 kg, were selected for the study. Premedication consisted of midazolam and methadone (both 0.1 mg kg(-1) intravenously). Anaesthesia was induced with propofol (2-4 mg kg(-1)) and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen and continuous rate infusions of propofol (5-7 mg kg(-1 )h(-1)) and fentanyl (5 microg kg(-1) bolus, 5 microg kg(-1) h(-1)). Cisatracurium (0.2 mg kg(-1)) provided muscle relaxation. A standard roller pump was used for the extracorporeal circulation. Drugs administered to maintain blood pressure and heart rate within acceptable levels included phenylephrine (3-4 microg kg(-1)), ephedrine (0.1-0.2 mg kg(-1)), nitroglycerine (50-150 microg kg(-1) h(-1)) and metoprolol succinate (30-80 microg kg(-1)). Electrolytes were infused as needed. Postoperative analgesia was provided by an intercostal block (15 mL 0.5% bupivacaine + epinephrine), carprofen (4 mg kg(-1)) and an opioid (methadone 0.1 mg kg(-1) or buprenorphine 0.01 mg kg(-1)). One sheep became hypoxic during the bypass (PaO(2) 47.7 mmHg). Irregularities of the electrocardiogram were observed during manipulation of the heart in all animals. During the initial phase of the bypass, blood pressure decreased in all sheep, accompanied by dilatation of the heart and large intrathoracic veins in five sheep. With appropriate treatment, blood pressure was restored and easily maintained until the end of the bypass. Weaning from the bypass, using an infusion of nitrates, was smooth. One sheep required a blood transfusion because of severe blood loss and another sheep died postoperatively from respiratory complications. Minor irregularities of the electrocardiogram observed during manipulation of the heart were not life threatening and required no treatment. Decreases in blood pressure at the beginning of the bypass can be expected and require treatment. Nitrates are useful in avoiding volume overload during weaning. The anaesthetic protocol is acceptable for surgery under right heart bypass in sheep.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed2006

Surgical repair of a tibial fracture in a Belgian Landrace pig.

This paper reports the surgical treatment of a tibial fracture in a castrated adult male Belgian Landrace pig of 180 kg. The fracture was repaired using an intramedullary Steinmann pin, combined with cerclage wire and external transfixation. In contrast to other animal species, the fracture repair in the pig was hindered by the short and curved bones, the thick subcutaneous fat layer and the pronounced musculature. Postoperatively, the pig developed an osteomyelitis of the tibia due to pin tract contamination. Despite this complication, the fracture healed acceptably when all fixation material was removed two months after surgery. The infection resolved quickly and a satisfactory clinical result was obtained.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Detection of bovine papillomavirus DNA on the normal skin and in the habitual surroundings of horses with and without equine sarcoids.

The purpose of the present study was to examine whether bovine papillomavirus (BPV) DNA can be detected on the normal skin and in the habitual surroundings of horses with and without equine sarcoids by means of superficially taken swabs. In affected horses, no significant difference in presence of BPV-DNA could be observed between samples obtained from the equine sarcoid surface, from normal skin close to the tumour and from a normal skin site in direct contact with the tumour. From the group of healthy horses living in contact with affected horses, 44% were BPV-DNA positive. The surroundings of affected and non-affected horses are probably not a major source of BPV-DNA contamination. It can be concluded that BPV-DNA is present on the normal skin of horses affected by equine sarcoid and to a lesser degree, on the normal skin of horses living in contact with affected horses.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Detection of bacterial DNA in synovial fluid from horses with infectious synovitis.

Standard culturing techniques are often unrewarding in confirming diagnosis of synovial infection in the equine patient. Several human studies report the use of sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques for the detection of bacterial involvement in acute synovitis. However, successful extraction of bacterial DNA directly from clinical samples from horses without prior culture has not been reported yet. The goal of this study was to develop a sensitive and reliable method for molecular detection and identification of bacterial species in synovial fluid from horses with infectious synovitis. Synovial fluid samples from 6 horses with culture confirmed synovial infection were used for broad range 16S rRNA gene PCR. Synovial aspirates of 2 healthy horses were used as negative controls. Following extraction and purification of synovial fluid DNA, all samples were processed by touchdown PCR. Amplicons were detected by reverse line blot hybridisation and visualised with chemiluminescence. Pathogen-specific detection of 16S rRNA gene sequences was successful in all 6 synovial fluid samples. No bacterial DNA was detected in the aspirates from the negative control horses using touchdown PCR followed by 25 additional cycles of amplification. The identity of the pathogens was confirmed by DNA sequencing of the amplicons. It can be concluded that broad range 16S rRNA gene PCR followed by reverse line blot hybridisation is a promising technique for detection of bacterial DNA in synovial fluid samples. Further research should aim at the detection of bacterial DNA in synovial fluid samples suspected of infection but having negative culture results. When the 16S PCR proves to be reliable and more sensitive than standard culturing techniques, it may become a powerful tool in the diagnosis of synovial infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Anti-nociceptive and sedative effects of sufentanil long acting during and after sevoflurane anaesthesia in dogs.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the most effective time interval between the administration of sufentanil long acting (LA) and the induction of sevoflurane anaesthesia in dogs. The occurrence of sedation, analgesia and other marked side-effects were evaluated in addition to the possible dosage-reducing effect of sufentanil on sevoflurane in dogs. Forty clinically normal beagles aged 1-2 years and weighing between 8.4 and 13.6 kg were included. Two control groups were used: one group of dogs (A) received sufentanil LA (50 microg/kg i.m.) and a second group (B) the sufentanil vehicle followed by standard inhalation anaesthesia of 90 min. After premedication with sufentanil LA immediately before (C0), 15 min (D15) or 30 min (E30) prior to induction with thiopental (i.v.) the dogs were anaesthetized for 90 min with sevoflurane in oxygen. Pain and sedation scores were evaluated every 10 min during sevoflurane anaesthesia and at 2 (T120), 4 (T240) and 24 h (T1440) after initiation of anaesthesia. The occurrence of adverse reactions such as hypothermia, lateral recumbency, ataxia, noise sensitivity, vomiting, defaecation, salivation, nystagmus and excitation was observed at the same time-points. During the recovery period pain scores were lower and sedation scores higher in the sufentanil LA groups. In many dogs acceptable pain and sedation scores persisted during 24 h. Several dogs showed ataxia, lateral recumbency, arousal on auditory stimulation, defaecation, salivation and excitation at several time-points after sufentanil LA administration. Sufentanil LA in addition to sevoflurane anaesthesia offered beneficial dosage-reducing analgesic effects up to 69.8% for thiopental and 78.3% for sevoflurane; although several typical opioid side-effects occurred. To achieve this advantageous dosage-reducing effect 15 min should be respected between sufentanil LA administration and induction of sevoflurane anaesthesia.

Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗
PubMed2003

Influence of detomidine and buprenorphine on motor-evoked potentials in horses.

Horses need to be sedated before they are investigated by transcranial magnetic stimulation because of the mild discomfort induced by the evoked muscle contraction and the noise of stimulation. This paper describes the influence of a combination of detomidine (10 microg/kg bodyweight) and a low dose of buprenorphine (2.4 microg/kg) on the onset latency and peak-to-peak amplitude of magnetic motor-evoked potentials in normal horses. There were no significant differences between measurements of these parameters made before the horses were sedated and measurements made 10 and 30 minutes after the drugs were administered.

Analgesics↗
PubMed2002

The effects of intrathoracic pressure during continuous two-lung ventilation for thoracoscopy on the cardiorespiratory parameters in sevoflurane anaesthetized dogs.

The cardiopulmonary effects of different levels of carbon dioxide insufflation (3, 5 and 2 mm Hg) under two-lung ventilation were studied in six sevoflurane (1.5 minimum alveolar concentration; MAC) anaesthetized dogs during left-sided thoracoscopy. An arterial catheter, Swan-Ganz catheter and multianaesthetic gas analyser were used to monitor the cardiopulmonary parameters during the experiment. Baseline data were obtained before intrathoracic pressure elevation and the measurements were repeated at intervals after left lung collapse induced by insufflation with carbon dioxide gas. The intrapleural pressure levels used were 3, 5 and 2 mm Hg. Arterial blood pressures, cardiac index, stroke index, left and right ventricular stroke work index, arterial haemoglobin saturation, arterial oxygen tension and systemic vascular resistance decreased significantly during hemithorax insufflation, whereas heart rate, right atrial pressure, mean, systolic and diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance and arterial carbon dioxide tension significantly increased during intrapleural pressure elevation. Although carbon dioxide insufflation into the left hemithorax with an intrapleural pressure of 2-5 mm Hg compromises cardiac functioning in 1.5 MAC sevoflurane anaesthetized dogs, it can be an efficacious adjunct for thoracoscopic procedures. Intrathoracic view was satisfactory with an intrapleural pressure of 2 mm Hg. Therefore, the intrathoracic pressure rise during thoracoscopy with two-lung ventilation should be kept as low as possible. Additional insufflation periods should be avoided, since a more rapid and more severe cardiopulmonary depression can occur.

Anesthetics, Inhalation↗
PubMed2001

Recovery times and evaluation of clinical hemodynamic parameters of sevoflurane, isoflurane and halothane anaesthesia in mongrel dogs.

In the present study the influence of three volatile agents (halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane) in oxygen at two concentrations [1.5 and 2 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC)] on non-invasive cardio-respiratory parameters (heart and respirators rates, non-invasive blood pressures at 15, 30, 60 min and after extubation) and on the recovery times (appearance of the first eyelid reflex, emergence time) after clinical anaesthesia was studied. After premedication with fentanyl-droperidol (5 microg/kg and 0.25 mg/kg, intramuscularly) and induction with propofol (5 mg/kg, intravenously) six dogs were randomly anaesthetized for 1 h for a standard neurologic stimulation test. A wide individual variation in respiration rate (induced by an initial hyperpnea) was observed in the 1.5 MAC protocols, without significant differences. Heart rate was significantly lower during 1.5 and 2 MAC halothane when compared to isoflurane and sevoflurane. An increase from 1.5 to 2 MAC induced significant decreases in diastolic (DAP) and mean arterial blood pressure in all groups without significant changes in the systolic arterial pressures. Only DAP in sevoflurane protocol was significantly different at 1.5 and 2 MAC compared to halothane. Time had no significant influences in the non-invasive blood pressures in all protocols. Extubation induced a significant increase of all parameters in all protocols. The time for a first eyelid reflex was significantly longer after 2 MAC compared to the 1.5 MAC protocol. There was no significant difference between the three anaesthetic agents. Although emergence time was longest for halothane at both anaesthetic concentrations, no significant difference in emergence time was observed for the three volatile agents.

Anesthesia Recovery Period↗
PubMed2001

The influence of ventilation mode (spontaneous ventilation, IPPV and PEEP) on cardiopulmonary parameters in sevoflurane anaesthetized dogs.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the cardiopulmonary influences of sevoflurane in oxygen at two anaesthetic concentrations (1.5 and 2 MAC) during spontaneous and controlled ventilation in dogs. After premedication with fentany-droperidol (5 microg/kg and 0.25 mg/kg intramuscularly) and induction with propofol (6 mg/kg intravenously) six dogs were anaesthetized for 3 h. Three types of ventilation were compared: spontaneous ventilation (SpV), intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV), and positive end expiratory pressure ventilation (PEEP, 5 cm H2O). Heart rate, haemoglobin oxygen saturation, arterial blood pressures, right atrial and pulmonary arterial pressures, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and cardiac output were measured. End tidal CO2%, inspiratory oxygen fraction, respiration rate and tidal volume were recorded using a multi-gas analyser and a respirometer. Acid-base and blood gas analyses were performed. Cardiac index, stroke volume, stroke index, systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance, left and right ventricular stroke work index were calculated. Increasing the MAC value during sevoflurane anaesthesia with spontaneous ventilation induced a marked cardiopulmonary depression; on the other hand, heart rate increased significantly, but the increases were not clinically relevant. The influences of artificial respiration on cardiopulmonary parameters during 1.5 MAC sevoflurane anaesthesia were minimal. In contrast, PEEP ventilation during 2 MAC concentration had more pronounced negative influences, especially on right cardiac parameters. In conclusion, at 1.5 MAC, a surgical anaesthesia level, sevoflurane can be used safely in healthy dogs during spontaneous and controlled ventilation (IPPV and PEEP of 5 cm H2O).

Anesthetics, Inhalation↗
PubMed2000

Partial tibial neurectomy in 113 Belgian blue calves with spastic paresis.

One hundred and thirteen double-muscled Belgian blue calves (69 males and 44 females) with spastic paresis (52 unilateral and 61 bilateral) were treated surgically by partial tibial neurectomy under caudal epidural anaesthesia. Telephone inquiries made at least three-and-a-half months later established that good results were obtained in 83.2 per cent of the calves; a considerable improvement was reported in 4.4 per cent which still had intermittent spastic contractions; severe hyperflexion of the hock necessitating early slaughtering was recorded in 4.4 per cent of the calves; and in 8 per cent there was little or no improvement.

Anesthesia, Epidural↗
PubMed1998

Conservative and surgical treatment of tibial fractures in cattle.

Ninety-five cattle with tibial fractures, all but one with a unilateral fracture, were examined between 1990 and 1994. The feasibility of repairing the fracture was assessed radiographically, also taking into account the bodyweight and value of the animal. Twenty-two cattle were slaughtered. Conservative treatment with stall confinement and/or a splint or cast was applied in 18 cases, with satisfactory results in eight of them (44 per cent). They were fattened to normal bodyweight, but they all had a severe deformity of the affected leg. In 55 animals, the fractures were fixed externally with Steinmann pins and methylmethacrylate bridges under image-intensified fluoroscopy. Ten of them could not bear weight on the affected leg and were slaughtered before the pins were removed. In the remaining 45 animals the pins were removed after a mean (sd) period of 71 (14) days. Four animals re-fractured the affected leg shortly after the pins were removed and six others were slaughtered prematurely because of inadequate weight bearing. The results were successful in 35 cases (64 per cent). Slight deviations of the affected leg and/or the contralateral leg were often observed. The overall survival rate of the cattle with tibial fractures was 45 per cent.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Surgical treatment of urethral dilatation in seven male cattle.

The surgical treatment of urethral dilatation in the perineal region of seven young Belgian blue bulls is described. Urethrostomy under local anaesthesia in the standing animal resulted in a successful outcome in three of them. The possible aetiological factors and consequences of this syndrome are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Effect of the inhalation of nitric oxide on 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced pulmonary hypertension in calves.

In healthy anaesthetized Friesian-Holstein calves, pulmonary hypertension was induced by means of a continuous intravenous administration of serotonin (0.025 mg/kg body/weight/min). Afterwards, the anaesthetized calves inhaled 40 and 80 ppm of nitric oxide using an open system. The influences of the administration of serotonin and the inhalation of nitric oxide on the haemodynamic and blood gas parameters were investigated. The inhalation of 40 and 80 ppm of nitric oxide during serotonin-induced pulmonary hypertension in calves resulted in a significant fall of the mean pulmonary artery pressure. The inhalation of nitric oxide also induced an amelioration of intrapulmonary oxygen transport. The intravenous administration of serotonin in calves resulted in severe systemic hypotension. Hence, the influence of the inhalation of nitric oxide on the systemic arterial pressure could not be evaluated.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1995

Surgical aspects of intestinal atresia in 58 calves.

Fifty-eight calves with intestinal atresia at different sites were treated surgically. In only four of the animals the anal opening was reconstructed directly in the perineal region. In the remaining cases the final extent of the atresia was confirmed by a right flank laparotomy and in seven calves an anal opening was made in the perineal region and in seven calves the opening was made in the right flank. The remaining 40 calves were euthanased for different reasons. Seven of the 18 surgically corrected animals made a satisfactory recovery.

Animals↗