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Biomedical subjects

F Gauthier

Publications and source records attributed to F Gauthier.

36 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Apolipoprotein A1 as an early index of protein-energy malnutrition.

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is, together with infectious and parasitic diseases, a major cause of childhood illness in Africa. Diagnosis and treatment of PEM requires an accurate, simple and reliable method of assessing nutritional status from a blood sample. Plasma apolipoprotein (apo A1), prealbumin and albumin were measured in a group of Senegalese children suffering from PEM who had been hospitalized for refeeding, and in a group of control children. Statistical analysis of the results indicated that: (1) Plasma apo A1 was significantly correlated with prealbumin in assessing nutritional status (P less than 0.005 on day 8 of refeeding); (2) plasma apo A1 alone was sufficient for diagnosing and monitoring the dietary treatment of PEM; it was capable of detecting subclinical forms; (3) apo A1 could be used for differential diagnosis of forms of PEM; (4) plasma apo A1 concentration began to increase earlier (94% of control values at day 8) than did prealbumin (73% on day 8). We therefore propose apo A1 as an index of nutritional status in children living in areas where infectious and parasitic diseases are endemic.

Apolipoprotein A-I↗
PubMed1990

Substrate specificity of two kallikrein family gene products isolated from the rat submaxillary gland.

Two proteinases which belong to the tissue kallikrein family were purified from rat submaxillary glands. These proteinases correspond to the products of the RSKG-7 and the rGK8 genes, as shown by the comparison of their partial amino-acid sequence with that deduced from nucleotide sequences. These two proteinases, kallikrein k7 and kallikrein k8, exhibit a marked preference for cleavage after arginyl residues. However, their overall specificities towards synthetic fluorogenic substrates differ significantly from each other and from that of true tissue kallikrein. Kallikrein k7 is strongly inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor, whereas kallikrein k8 is not. These data, demonstrating the individual specificity of these kallikrein-like proteinases, suggest that they could be involved in the processing of peptides other than kinins.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Variability of clinical presentation of hepatic artery thrombosis in pediatric liver transplantation: role of imaging modalities.

Among a series of 90 pediatric liver transplantations, 9 cases of hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) in 8 patients are reported. All cases were diagnosed in the first two weeks and confirmed angiographically and surgically. Clinical presentation was often unreliable with only 2 cases showing the typical pattern of massive hepatic necrosis. Five cases presented with biliary complications and in 2 cases, HAT was discovered fortuitously on duplex sonography. The role of imaging modalities is emphasized. Duplex sonography is the best non-invasive screening method and we recommend a routine daily examination in the first 2 weeks. CT is the most useful method to assess the extension of liver infarction. PTC remains necessary to evaluate biliary complications and to plan the best therapeutic approach in this devastating event. Two patients died, 2 had to be retransplanted (one patient twice) and are doing well, 2 are on a waiting list for retransplantation and one underwent an emergency surgical arterial desobstruction and is completely asymptomatic.

Child↗
PubMed1990

Nutritionally-induced elevation of serum proteinase inhibitors and reduced 3-methylhistidine excretion in the rat.

One group of growing rats was fed ad libitum a low protein and energy diet (PER). A second group was fed a low protein diet (PR). Both these groups showed a gain in weight below that of the control group. A third group was fed a very low protein and energy diet (VPER). A weight gain could also be observed in this group but this gain was lower than those observed in the first two groups. A fourth group that was on a very low protein diet (VPR) gained almost no weight. After 6 weeks a significant reduction in 3-methylhistidine excretion in urine was observed in all the experimental animals with lowest values found in the VPER and VPR groups. Total serum protein levels declined to a certain extent because of the protein and energy restrictions but albumin and transferrin remained largely unaffected. Significantly lower serum concentrations were found only in the VPR group. The rat serum proteinase inhibitors alpha 1-macroglobulin and alpha 1-inhibitor3 decreased when protein and energy were restricted and alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor decreased only in the VPER and VPR groups. alpha 2-macroglobulin and alpha 1-cysteine proteinase inhibitor concentrations increased considerably in the serum of the experimental groups. The results are discussed in relation to the probable role of the latter two inhibitors in the adaptation process when protein and energy were restricted and compared to similar observations recorded in man.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Liver transplantation in children. New experience in a Pediatric Surgery unit. Evaluation of the first 18 months' experience].

The authors report an eighteen month experience with orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in children in the Pediatric Department of Hospital Bicêtre in Paris, from January 1988 until July 1989. Thirty-eight OLTs including 4 retransplant operations, were performed in 34 children, aged from 7 months to 13 years, 20 of them under the age of 3 years. Biliary atresia was the indication for 22 children. Twenty-eight donors were children. A reduced-size liver was used in 17 cases. The technique for OLT was based on the description by TE Starzl. Surgical complications led to reoperation in 15 cases, mostly in relation to hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT), which occurred in 7 cases: small donor liver was considered to be one of the causative factors. In all but one case of HAT a retransplant was considered; to date it is has been performed in 3 of these children. Thirty-one children have survived, with a mean follow-up of 8 months, all are at home, except for one child at the time of this report. Liver function tests are normal for 22, and moderately altered for 5. For the four remaining children, retransplant is planned for 3 cases and one child has just been retransplanted. The authors emphasise the fact that OLT in small children requires a specialised pediatric environment, particularly as regards intensive care and nursing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Interactions in vitro and in vivo between rat serum protease inhibitors and anodal and cathodal rat trypsin and chymotrypsin.

Reaction mixtures of increasing amounts of the pancreatic homologous proteases, anodal and cathodal chymotrypsin and trypsin, respectively, and normal rat serum were analyzed by immunoelectrophoretic methods in order to determine their distribution on serum protease inhibitors. This paper concerns three proteins occurring in normal serum and capable of binding protease viz. alpha1-macroglobulin, alpha1-antitrypsin and alpha1-inhibitor 3. The distribution of the enzymes among these protease inhibitors differed significantly from one protease to another. The distribution of the proteases among the serum protease inhibitors following intravenous injection of 125I-labelled proteases corresponded to that in vitro. Complexes formed with alpha1-macroglobulin and alpha1-inhibitor 3 were quickly eliminated irrespective of the enzyme species used, whereas those formed with alpha1-antitrypsin persisted much longer in the circulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Congenital anorectal stenosis (8 cases) (author's transl)].

The authors present a series of 8 cases of congenital anorectal stenosis treated recently, with a follow up of 1 to 7 years. The finding of 3 poor results from the standpoint of anal continence leads to a discussion of the general prognosis of this malformation classically considered as being benign.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1979

[Ovarian cysts and tumors in neonates, infants and children (author's transl)].

Twenty-six girls, aged from 0 to 15 years, were operated, upon ovarian cysts and tumors from 1952 to 1977. Before the age of one year, 11 non-neoplastic cysts and 2 benign tumors were observed. After the age of one, 1 non-neoplastic cyst and 12 tumors: 8 germ-cell tumors, 3 tumors of specialized gonadal stroma, and one epithelial tumor. Three germ-cell tumors were malignant (1 girl dead of disease, 2 alive at 2 and 1 1/2 years). All three gonadal stromal tumors are benign (with a follow-up of 3 months, 4 and 20 years). Epidemiology, pathology prognosis and management of these tumors are discussed according the recent literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The in vitro interactions of rat pancreatic elastase and normal and inflammatory ray serum.

The partition of labelled rat pancreatic elastase (EC 3.4.21.11) between the different protease inhibitors of rat plasma was studied at different levels of saturation of the inhibitors of rat plasma was studied at different levels of saturation of the inhibitor capacity of plasma with the enzyme. The reaction mixtures were analysed by immunoelectrophoretic methods utilizing specific antisera against the different inhibitors and by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. Rat serum was shown to contain four elastase binding proteins. alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-macroglobulin and alpha 2-acute phase protein and alpha 1-inhibitor 3 which exhibits immunologic cross-reaction with human inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor and is of similar molecular weight. With minute amounts of labelled elastase the partition among the binding protein was alpha 1-macroglobulin 60%, alpha 1-antitrypsin 24% and alpha 1-I3 16%. The 60% value of alpha 1-M bound radioactivity in normal serum corresponds to the sum of alpha 1-M and alpha 2-AP labelling in inflammatory serum.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1978

Isolation and some properties of a new enzyme-binding protein in rat plasma.

alpha-1-Inhibitor3 (alpha-I3), a new enzyme-binding protein, was isolated from rat plasma by a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE cellulose and gel filtration on ultrogel AcA34. Agarose gel electrophoresis of the purified inhibitor showed a single protein band with alpha1-mobility giving a single precipitation line on immunoelectrophoresis against anti-rat serum. A specific antiserum against the purified inhibitor was raised in rabbits. alpha1-I3 showed immunologic cross-reaction with human inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor. alpha1-I3 formed a complex with trypsin, which was thereby inhibited; the electrophoretic mobility of the complex was less than that of free inhibitor. Inflammation, induced by turpentine, caused a decrease in the serum concentration of alpha1-I3 to 36% of the initial value within 48 h. alpha2 acute phase macroglobulin (alpha2-AP) showed a simultaneous increase to 7.1 g/l and alpha1-antitrypsin (alpha1-AT) to twice its normal value.

Alpha-Globulins↗
PubMed1976

Rat alpha2 acute-phase macroglobulin. Isolation and physicochemical properties.

1. Rat alpha2 acute-phase macroglobulin was isolated from turpentine-injected rats by Sephadex G-200 chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. This method, since it does not include (NH4)2SO4 treatment, allows the study of the physicochemical as well as the biological properties of the molecule. 2. The purity of the preparation was demonstrated by ultracentrifugation, polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, fused "rocket" immunoelectrophoresis as well as double immunodiffusion. 3. The rat alpha2 acute-phase macroglobulin was characterized in terms of its main physical and chemical properties. Its isoelctric point was determined by isoelectrofocusing to be 4.55; s020,w was 18.4S and E1%/1cm at 278 nm was 6.8. The mol.wt. was determined by light-scattering to be 770000. 4. The amino acid content was compared with that of rat alpha1 macroglobulin and was found very similar. The carbohydrate composition of alpha2 acute-phase macroglobulin was determined to be: hexose, 4.25%; glucosamine, 3.4%; sialic acid, 2%; fucose, 0.2%. From these results it was concluded that alpha2 acute-phase macroglobulin, although a typical acute-phase reactant, possesses the characteristic physicochemical properties of alpha macroglobulins.

Amino Acids↗