Giant condyloma accuminatum mimicking vulvar verrucous carcinoma.
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Carcinoma, Verrucous↗
Biomedical subjects
F Ghaemmaghami
Publications and source records attributed to F Ghaemmaghami.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical surgery compared to radical surgery alone in bulky stage IB-IIA cervical cancer.
AIM: The aim of this study was evaluation of the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and radical hysterectomy on long-term survival in stage IB-IIA locally advanced cervical cancer as compared with radical surgery alone. METHODS: We reviewed all patients with cervical cancer stage IB-IIA who were treated with two treatment modalities, i.e. NACT followed by radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy, and radical hysterectomy alone between March 1996 and March 2004. There were 22 patients in the NACT group (group 1) and 160 patients in the immediate radical surgery group (group 2). All patients in group 1 were followed for more than 108months, and long-term survival and factors affecting recurrence were evaluated. RESULTS: Nineteen patients in the NACT arm underwent radical surgery. Pelvic lymph node metastasis was found in 8 patients in this group and in 36 in the radical surgery group. Eighteen patients in the NACT group and 96 patients in the radical surgery group were scheduled for adjuvant postoperative chemoradiation. During the 9-year follow-up, recurrence rate was 47.1% and 30.2% in NACT and control groups, respectively. In the NACT group lymph node metastasis was a significant independent risk factor for recurrence. Overall survival in the NACT arm was not statistically significantly lower than the control arm (p=0.06). CONCLUSION: NACT did not improve long-term overall survival of bulky early-stage cervical cancer patients compared to primary radical surgery.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Patient delay in women presenting with advanced breast cancer: an Iranian study.
INTRODUCTION: Due to the lack of systematic screening programmes for early detection of breast cancer in Iran and the predominance of advanced cases, we aimed to study the extent and determinants of patient delay in women with advanced breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this 1-year cross-sectional study, all consecutive women with advanced breast cancer (stages IIb, III or IV) who initially presented to a university hospital were studied. RESULTS: Sixty-eight percent (136/200) of cases had delayed their first visit by >1 month and 42.5% by >3 months. The median patient delay was 12 weeks. Delay was associated with: older age, being married, lower income, less education, place of residence (small cities), negative family history of breast cancer, belief in the fatality of breast cancer, lack of access to health care services, lack of knowledge of breast cancer symptoms, and denying the importance of breast self-examination. The main reasons given for the delay were: lack of knowledge regarding the necessity of such a visit, fear, negligence, lack of access to physicians, and poverty. DISCUSSION: In contrast to some other studies, this study found that married women and those with a negative family history of breast cancer waited longer than others before seeking care. Public education initiatives focused on encouraging women (especially high-risk groups such as older women, married women, and those living in small cities or villages) to see a doctor promptly for evaluation of breast symptoms can decrease delay and improve patient outcome.
Adult↗
A case report of vulval lymphangioma circumscriptum.
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Adolescent↗
Successful treatment of a patient with gestational trophoblastic neoplasm metastatic to the colon.
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Adult↗
Borderline ovarian tumours: clinical analysis of 38 cases.
Thirty-eight patients with ovarian tumours of low malignant potential (borderline) were diagnosed and treated in Tehran University Gynecology Oncology Department from 1991 to 2002, and have been reviewed. In this study age, clinical behavior, symptoms, surgical stage, type of tumour, surgery, adjuvant treatment, survival and recurrences were evaluated. A retrospective chart review was performed on these 38 patients who were treated for histopathologically confirmed tumours of low malignant potential between 1991-2002. The mean age was 34.4 years, range (14-83) (SD: 18.33). Post surgical FIGO staging was: Stage I=93.75%, stage III 6.25%. Histologic subtypes were: Serous 76.31% (29 patients), Mucinous 21.05% (8 patients), Mixed types 2.63% (1 patient). Mean pre-operative CA125 value was 114.90 (SD: +/- 90.30). Thirty-three percent of patients had only a simple cyst in ultrasonography. Conservative surgery was performed in 76.32% (29 patients). More radical surgery (TAH + BSO) was performed in 9 patients (23.68%). There were 6 recurrences. Three patients with recurrence and invasive implants received chemotherapy and secondary surgery was performed. Survival rate was 100% at 3 years for all stages and 89% at 5 years. One patient died of recurrent disease at 48 months after initial diagnosis. Our data suggest that LMP tumours are most frequently diagnosed in stage I. Most common histological type was serous, and 5 of the recurrences of (6 patients) were initially diagnosed at stage I, and had been treated with conservative surgery with no adjuvant therapy.
Adolescent↗
First-line chemotherapy with 5-FU and platinum for advanced and recurrent cancer of the cervix: a phase II study.
This study was designed to assess the role of first-line chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and platinum in the treatment of advanced or recurrent cervical cancer. Ten patients with advanced or recurrent cancer of the cervix with no prior chemotherapy were entered in a phase II trial from October 2000 to November 2001. Eight patients were treated with Cis-platinum (50 mg/m2 over 60 minutes on the first day) followed by 5-FU (1 g/m2 over 24 hours for 4 days) and two patients with impaired renal function were treated with carboplatin (300 mg/m2 over 15 minutes on the first day) followed by 5-FU (1 g/m2 over 24 hours for 4 days) every 3 weeks until progression of disease or prohibitive toxicity had been observed. Median age was 52 years (range 28-70 years). Ten patients received a total of 42 cycles of chemotherapy. The mean number of chemotherapy cycles was 4.2 (median 4, range 3-7). Three patients had a partial response (30%, 95% CI, 1.7-58.5%). Mean duration of response was 198 days (range 122-273 days). Four patients required red blood cell transfusions; three of them had Grade II and one of the Grade III nausea and vomiting. Two had fever and neutropenia (one developed acute renal insufficiency), and there were no treatment related mortalities. First-line chemotherapy with platinum and 5-FU for advanced and recurrent cervical cancer is promising and deserves consideration for a larger phase III trial.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Effect of a five-week swimming program on rat bone: a histomorphometric study.
To specify the exercise-induced changes on different skeletal sites, the effect of a 5-week endurance swim training was studied in rats. Eighteen Lyon strain (Sprague-Dawley) 5-week old female rats were divided into nine sedentary and nine swimming rats. Each swim training session was increased by 15 minutes from 2-6 hours per day. A histomorphometric study was performed at the primary and secondary spongiosa of the distal femur and at the secondary spongiosa of lumbar and thoracic vertebral bodies. After training, bone loss was observed in the secondary spongiosa of lumbar vertebral bodies (24.7%) and in the primary spongiosa of distal femur (15.2%). A tendency to bone loss was also detected in the secondary spongiosa of distal femur (10.8%), whereas no change was detected in thoracic vertebral bodies. In secondary spongiosa, bone loss was accompanied with a thinning of trabeculae. Total eroded surfaces and osteoid surfaces were significantly decreased in the three studied skeletal sites, suggesting a decreased bone turnover. The decreased thickness of osteoid seams in both lumbar vertebrae and distal femur could mean that the osteoblastic activity has also been altered at the cell level, leading to thinning of trabeculae. Five-week swim training with such duration and intensity of exercise appears unable to increase bone volume in rats and, therefore, causes adverse effects. The three studied bones seemed to adapt differently to experimental conditions. The lack of ground reaction forces induced by water immersion might have contributed to the observed bone loss. "Normal" gravity would be an important cofactor in the osteogenic effects of exercise.
Adaptation, Physiological↗
Effects of acute exercise and prolonged exercise training on blood pressure, vasopressin and plasma renin activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of swimming training on systolic blood pressure (BPs), plasma and brain vasopressin (AVP), and plasma renin activity (PRA) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) during rest and after exercise. Resting and postexercise heart rate, as well as blood parameters such as packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), plasma sodium and potassium concentrations ([Na+], [K+]) osmolality and proteins were also studied. Hypophyseal AVP had reduced significantly after exercise in the SHR, whereas PRA had increased significantly in the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) strain used as normotensive controls. Plasma AVP concentration increased in both strains. By the end of the experiment, training had reduced body mass and BPs by only 10% and 6%, respectively. Maximal oxygen uptake was increased 10% and plasma osmolality 2% by training. The postexercise elevation of heart rate was not significantly attenuated by training. A statistically significant reduction in postexercise plasma osmolality (10%) and [Na+] (4%) was observed. These results suggested that swimming training reduced BPs. Plasma and brain AVP played a small role in the hypertensive process of SHR in basal conditions because changes in AVP contents did not correlate with those of BPs. Moreover, there were no differences between SHR and WKY in plasma, hypophyseal and hypothalamic AVP content in these basal conditions. Finally, during moderate exercise a haemodilution probably occurred with an increase of plasma protein content. This was confirmed by the exercise-induced increase of plasma AVP and the reduction of hypophyseal AVP content, suggesting a release of this hormone, which probably contributed to the water retention and haemodilution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Effects of swim training alone and in combination with clonidine and rilmenidine on blood pressure, plasma electrolytes, vasopressin, and renin activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Adaptations to the effects of clonidine (CL) and rilmenidine (R) were studied during a 12-week training program (swimming) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was regularly measured during this period. Body weight (BW) was determined at the beginning and at the 12th week. Plasma parameters, cardiac determinations, vasopressin (pAVP), and plasma renin activity (PRA) were measured only at the end of the experiment. Both SBP and ponderal benefit were reduced by CL, R, and training. Contrary to beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents, we found no inhibition of the beneficial effect on SBP of training in combination with CL or R. Plasma and hypothalamic vasopressin were reduced by both drugs but only CL increased plasma renin activity (PRA) although its mechanisms of action are still not clearly understood. Our results suggest that CL and R as well as swim training can be considered as an effective countermeasure in SHR. Moreover, the heterogeneity of action of CL and R on some of the parameters tested is in favor of different pharmacological properties for these drugs.
Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗
Skeletal muscle adaptation to physical training and beta-adrenergic blockade in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
The effects of training alone or in combination with long-term, non-selective, beta-adrenergic blockade on histochemical and biochemical properties of fast-twitch [extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL)] and slow-twitch [soleus muscle (Sol)] muscle were analyzed in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto strain rats (WKY). Fiber type distribution of Sol was drastically modified in SHR with fewer type I fibers and more type IIA fibers. No such histochemical alterations were observed in EDL. While prolonged swimming training remained ineffective in inducing both histochemical and biochemical improvement in WKY, SHR displayed a significant enhancement of capillarization and oxidative capacity in both Sol and EDL. However, in long-term beta-blocks rats training failed to improve significantly the oxidative capacity of SHR muscles, suggesting that beta-adrenoreceptor stimulation is necessary for a fully efficient adaptation of muscular metabolism to physical training.
Adaptation, Physiological↗
Effects of treadmill running and swimming on plasma and brain vasopressin levels in rats.
The influence of treadmill or swimming exercise on resting values of plasma and brain arginine vasopressin (AVP), and plasma sodium, potassium, osmolality and proteins was studied after 5 weeks of training using female Wistar rats. The duration of daily training sessions was progressively increased to reach 6 h/day for swim training (S) and 3 h/day for treadmill running (T). Compared to their untrained controls, treadmill and swim training were respectively associated with: a significant lower body weight; a decreased plasma AVP (36.4% for T and 47.4% for S) and hypothalamic AVP (20% for T and 16% for S); a higher hypophyseal AVP (145% for T and 36.3 for S); a decreased plasma osmolality (6.7% for T and 6.1% for S), sodium (1.2% for both) and potassium (15% for T and 22.4% for S); and no change in protein concentration. For T, rectal temperature increased (38.5 +/- 0.20 to 39.7 +/- 0.5) and for S rectal temperature decreased from 38.6 +/- 0.12 to 37.74 +/- 0.10). The differences observed in AVP contents of the pineal and Harderian glands (enhanced only in the treadmill groups) could be explained by the supposed role of these glands in thermoregulation. Two conclusions could be drawn from this study: there are no parallel changes in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system (where AVP plays its endocrine role) and the brain (where AVP is a neurotransmitter); plasma changes could be explained by an extracellular fluid expansion with Na and K loss leading to a decrease in AVP secretion.
Animals↗
Effects of propranolol and swim-training on blood pressure, plasma electrolytes, and vasopressin in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats.
The aim of this work was to study the influence of beta-adrenoreceptor blockade on the adaptation to exercise of one of the hormonal systems (arginine vasopressin) involved in the regulation of blood volume and pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured in SHR and WKY rats during 11 wk of swim training. At the end of the training program we determined post-exercise values of plasma arginine-vasopressin (pAVP), osmolality (pOsm), K+ (pK+), Na+ (pNa+), hemoglobin (Hgb), and hematocrit (Hct) in SHR and WKY rats. The following groups were studied: control (C), propranolol treated (PC), swim trained (S), and propranolol-treated and swim-treated (PS). SBP was significantly reduced by swim training or propranolol, bu these beneficial effects on SBP were attenuated when propranolol and swim training were combined. pNa+ and pOsm were significantly reduced by training alone in SHR. This reduction of pNa+ and, consequently, of pOsmol without any modification of other parameters could suggest an Na+ loss. In contrast, the SHR group treated with propranolol alone showed a significant reduction in Hct, suggesting an increased plasma volume without Na+ loss. PS SHR showed a significant reduction of Hgb, Hct, proteins, pNa+, and pOsmol, probably as a consequence of the additive effects of swimming- and propranolol-induced hypervolemia with Na+ loss. The slight and nonsignificant reduction in pAVP observed with either training or propranolol treatment alone became much more pronounced and statistically significant when the 2 treatments were combined. WKY rats showed a much smaller response to exercise and beta-adrenoreceptor blockade than SHR. We conclude that the hypervolemia suggested in PS SHR could be a possible cause of attenuation of the beneficial effects of either swimming or propranolol on SBP.
Animals↗
Attenuation by propranolol of exercise training effects in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
The effects of propranolol (10 mg/kg) on systolic blood pressure (SBP), resting and exercising heart rates (HR), and body weight (BW) were examined in 11-week swim-trained spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. In both species, SBP was significantly reduced by either propranolol or training, but the reduction was greater with propranolol than with training. However, when propranolol was administered to rats during training, their independent beneficial effects on SBP were annulled. HR was modified slightly by propranolol and training, but they both decreased BW. The mechanism of propranolol action on BW is not clear. Maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 Max), relative heart weight (RHW), and absolute heart weight (AHW) were measured after 11 weeks of training. In both SHR and WKY rats, VO2 Max was elevated by exercise training; moreover, VO2 Max was greatest among those receiving propranolol while training. However, the combined effects of propranolol and training produced a significant reduction of AHW in SHR. The RHW was increased by training, but it was decreased by propranolol. SHR rats were more sensitive to the effects of training and propranolol than WKY rats. In humans, several observations have been reported on the attenuation of certain exercise-induced cardiovascular and metabolic changes by beta-adrenergic blocking agents. Our results obtained with rats confirm some of those observations. It would seem that the hypertensive strain of rats could serve as a model for the study of attenuation mechanisms by beta-adrenergic blockers.
Animals↗
Swim training in genetically hypertensive rats of the Lyon strain: effects on plasma lipids and lipoproteins.
We studied the effects of training by forced swimming on plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in the Lyon genetically hypertensive rats (LH), its normotensive (LN) and low blood pressure (LL) controls. Training was carried out 5 days a week for 5 weeks. The duration of daily training sessions was increased 15 min per day, from 2 to 6 h/day. Following training low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) was significantly lower (P less than 0.01) in LL, and the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL-C) was also lower in LN (P less than 0.01) and LH (P less than 0.05) rats compared with their sedentary controls. High density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) was not significantly increased after training in all strains. Compared with controls, plasma total cholesterol, plasma triglycerides and phospholipids were not modified by training. The reduction of LDL-C, VLDL-C as well as the increase of the HDL-C:VLDL-C ratio suggest a beneficial effect of training on atherosclerosis and perhaps coronary heart disease risk.
Animals↗
Effect of swim training on systolic blood pressure, vasopressin and total neurophysins in the Lyon hypertensive rat.
This study reports the effects of 5 weeks of swim training on systolic blood pressure, body weight, plasma and brain vasopressin and total neurophysins in the Lyon genetically hypertensive (LH) rat and in their normotensive (LN) and low blood pressure (LL) controls. Swimming was unable to influence any studied parameters. These results shed doubt on the efficiency of this model of training on the evolution of hypertension in the LH rats.
Animals↗
[Effect of physical training by swimming on the arterial pressure, plasma and hypothalamo-post-hypophyseal vasopressin in genetically hypertensive rats of the Lyon strain].
The effect of a 5-week swimming training on systolic blood pressure (PAS) and vasopressin (AVP) and Neurophysins (NpT) concentration in the blood and content in the pituitary and the hypothalamus was studied in Lyon genetically hypertensive rats [LH] and in their controls: the normotensive [LN] and low blood pressure [LL] rats belonging to the 28th generation. Nine female rats of each group were trained 5 days a week for 5 weeks, starting with 2 h a day, with a 15 min increase every day, up to 6 h a day. The PAS was measured using an indirect plethysmographic technique one time a week during the whole training session. At the end of the training, the rats were decapitated. AVP and NpT were measured in blood, pituitary and hypothalamus, by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Hematocrit as well as plasma Na+, K+, protein and osmotic content were also measured. Results show that the training did not affect any of the studied parameters: mainly, there was no decrease in PAS or plasma AVP level in the hypertensive rats compared to the normotensive ones. The only difference was a lower AVP content in the pituitary of LH rats compared to LN (p less than 0.01), which is difficult to interpret. Our results shed doubt on the efficiency of a swimming training on the evolution of hypertension in the Lyon rat model.
Animals↗
A day/night rhythm of vasopressin and oxytocin in rat retina, pineal and harderian gland.
Arginine vasopressin (AVP), oxytocin (OT) and neurophysins (Np) have been found in the pineal gland and the retina of the rat. Because the retina, pineal gland and Harderian gland (HG) serve analogous functions, we undertook a study to determine the presence of these peptides in these three organs of rats. They were detected by two specific methods: HPLC and specific radioimmunoassays. For Np, total neurophysins (NpT) were measured. To determine a 24 hr rhythm, the animals were maintained under a light/dark cycle of 12 hr/12 hr for 3 weeks. The pineal glands, retinae and HG were collected. Day/night rhythms of AVP, OT and NpT were demonstrated in the retina and HG; but the pineal gland had only AVP rhythm. A significant decrease in the rhythms at 4 a.m. was demonstrated in the retina and HG. The 24 hr variation of AVP in the retina seemed parallel to that of the HG.
Animals↗