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Biomedical subjects

F Goodhart

Publications and source records attributed to F Goodhart.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

The role of cognitive-behavioural therapy in the management of pain in patients with sickle cell disease.

Painful crisis is the most common manifestation of sickle cell disease and accounts for the second greatest number of admissions with an average length of stay of 7 days in central London. Despite this frequency of admissions, the management of pain is fraught with problems. This is not surprising since the psychological challenges presented by sickle cell disease are manifold, resulting in significant psychological distress for some individuals. This paper considers the literature on the psychosocial impact of sickle cell disease, and the American research evidence which suggests that pain management strategies that incorporate a psychological intervention can significantly reduce psychological distress as well as hospital admissions. Britain has been slow to incorporate psychology in the pain management strategies, and we have embarked on research to fill this gap. Although this research constitutes work in progress, an argument is put forward for utilizing the cognitive-behavioural perspective in the management of pain in sickle cell disease and we conclude by giving a brief summary of pilot work which is both the foundation and justification for the current ongoing research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

New Jersey college students' high-risk behavior: will we meet the health objectives for the year 2000?

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed the Youth Risk Behavior Survey to measure the health risk behavior of the nation's high school students and to measure progress toward meeting the national health objectives for the year 2000. The survey was adapted for college students and pilot tested in spring 1993 in 18 4-year public and private colleges in New Jersey. In this article, the authors summarize results from this survey regarding unmarried respondents' risk behavior, including sexual behavior, use of alcohol, drugs, and tobacco, and behaviors that may lead to intentional and unintentional injuries. These findings, when compared with the relevant national health objectives, suggest that New Jersey college students will meet the health objectives regarding tobacco and cocaine use but will not meet national targets set for condom and birth control use, alcohol and marijuana use, and seatbelt and bicycle helmet use.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1996

Effects of an institutional AIDS prevention intervention: moderation by gender.

AIDS risk reduction programs are being conducted in many institutional settings, but rigorous evaluations of their effectiveness are lacking. This is particularly unfortunate in that these programs are expensive, and tend to be of lower intensity than those that have been shown to be effective. Further, risk reduction is generally regarded as entailing greater difficulty for women, who do not use condoms themselves but must negotiate their use with male partners. We used a quasi-experimental design to evaluate an institutional AIDS prevention program on a New Jersey college campus. Sexual behavior was assessed via linked, anonymous mailed surveys at the beginning and end of an academic year among 1st-year students on the campus and others on a nearby control campus. Responses from the spring survey indicated that intervention campus students had been exposed significantly more than control students to intervention components. While MANCOVA analyses indicated no main effect of treatment group on outcome variable, we obtained a significant group by gender interaction, indicating a significant effect on number of risky encounters for men but not for women. In fact, relative to women on the control campus, women on the intervention campus displayed reduced self-efficacy to perform safe sex at the end of the year. These results may indicate that although men can be effectively reached by low-intensity risk reduction programs, women may not be. In fact, interventions without adequate intensity to provide substantial and individualized negotiation skill training may cause women to experience failure in these efforts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Evaluating HIV/AIDS education in the university setting.

Surveys to determine learning and behavioral changes that result from education about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) should be constructed to account for high levels of background knowledge and knowledge of safer sex practices among college students. This article evaluates the learning and behavioral changes of students enrolled in an HIV/AIDS education course offered by the Department of Biological Sciences at Rutgers University as part of a university-wide HIV/AIDS education program. Responses of students in the HIV/AIDS class were compared with those of students enrolled in other biology classes, using paired and unpaired t tests and multivariate discriminant analysis. Participants revealed they had significant knowledge about HIV/AIDS as a result of the HIV/AIDS class, but students campus-wide had a far higher level of general knowledge about HIV/AIDS than the authors expected. In addition, many students already were practicing behaviors that would reduce their risk of HIV infection. Because students were so knowledgeable about HIV and claimed they practiced safer sex, it was difficult to demonstrate significant changes in behavior as a result of the classroom experience.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Predictors of safer sex on the college campus: a social cognitive theory analysis.

In April and May 1989, the authors surveyed a sample of students enrolled on four college campuses in New Jersey (N = 923) concerning their HIV transmission-related behavior, knowledge, and a variety of conceptual variables taken primarily from social cognitive theory that were thought to be potentially predictive of safer sexual behavior. Analyses of sexually active, unmarried students' responses indicated that men expected more negative outcomes of condom use and were more likely to have sexual intercourse while under the influence of alcohol or other drugs, whereas women reported higher perceived self-efficacy to practice safer sex. Regression analyses indicated that, among the factors assessed, stronger perceptions of self-efficacy to engage in safer behavior, expecting fewer negative outcomes of condom use, and less frequency of sex in conjunction with alcohol or other drug use significantly predicted safer sexual behavior. Enhanced self-efficacy to discuss personal history with a new partner was associated with a greater number of risky encounters. Implications of these findings for intervention efforts with students are discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗