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Biomedical subjects

F Grünwald

Publications and source records attributed to F Grünwald.

142 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Early and late HMPAO-SPECT during an epileptic seizure].

For presurgical evaluation of epilepsy a 44-year old patient with complex-partial seizures underwent HMPAO-SPECT. The morphology of the seizures, the MRI-scan, psychometry and ictal as well as interictal EEGs showed a left temporal origin of the seizures. Early images were obtained 20 min and late images 24 h following injection. On both scans a marked hyperperfusion was observed in the left temporal area. A crossed cerebellar diaschisis was also seen on both SPECTs. It could be shown that during ictal examinations there is no bloodflow-dependent wash-out from brain tissue.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

HMPAO-SPECT imaging resembling Alzheimer-type dementia in mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS).

Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of the brain using hexamethyl propylene amine oxime (HMPAO) was performed in a 37-year-old patient suffering from mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS). Reduced blood flow was observed bilaterally in the parieto-occipital regions (resembling Alzheimer type dementia) and in the right parietal lobe.

Acidosis, Lactic↗
PubMed1989

[Inhalation scintigraphy of the lung using the new ultrafine aerosol Technegas].

Evaporation of 99mTc-pertechnetate at about 2500 degrees C on a carbon surface generates an ultrafine aerosol of labelled carbon clusters. Its particle size of about 2-5 nm enables the aerosol to behave similarly to a gas regarding the ability of penetration. After inhalation, the radioactive particles adhere to the walls of the respiratory bronchioli and alveoli. The high concentration of the radioactivity in the argon carrier gas makes it possible to record a scintigram after a single deep breath. We studied four healthy volunteers and 79 patients including 34 with a tentative diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, 20 with bronchus carcinoma, and 15 with various other lung diseases. Ten of these patients were infants, the youngest being nine months old. All patients also had a perfusion scintigraphy.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1989

[SPECT in reversible symptoms of cerebrovascular diseases].

In 16 patients with reversible symptoms of cerebrovascular disease a HMPAO- and/or IMP-SPECT was performed. 12 of these patients were suffering from TIA, 4 from PRIND. Using HMPAO-SPECT in 8 out of 9 patients with TIA and in 1 of 2 with PRIND a hypoperfusion could be demonstrated; IMP-SPECT showed a pathological pattern in 3 of 5 patients with TIA and in none of 2 patients with PRIND. A semiquantitative evaluation showed a tracer accumulation reduced by 13 +/- 12% (HMPAO) and 8 +/- 7% (IMP), respectively, in the clinically involved hemisphere, compared to the contralateral side. In circumscript SPECT lesions a reduction by 21 +/- 8% (HMPAO) or 17 +/- 7% (IMP) was observed. The interhemispheric ratio from the HMPAO-SPECT showed a significant correlation to that of the 133Xe-rCBF measurement (r = 0.86; p less than 0.001). SPECT was positive in a higher percentage than TCT, Doppler sonography, radioangiography and 133Xe-rCBF measurement. This does not imply a higher specificity or sensitivity, because a slight inhomogeneous SPECT pattern may occasionally be observed even in normal persons.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Nuclear medicine diagnosis of heart involvement in progressive systemic scleroderma].

The frequency and extent of heart involvement in progressive systemic scleroderma (PSS) can be underestimated when current clinical diagnostic methods are used. We therefore studied 53 PSS patients with planar (201Tl) chloride myocardial scintigraphy, and 44 PSS patients with radionuclide ventriculography using red blood cells labeled in vitro with 99mTc. Comparison of maximal exercise and resting myocardial scans demonstrated pathologic findings in 18 of 38 patients. In 10% of the patients abnormal ejection fraction values (less than 50%) and Fourier analysis were found on radionuclide ventriculography. Myocardial scintigraphy in conjunction with other diagnostic modalities thus provides useful information for the evaluation of heart involvement in PSS.

Cardiac Output↗
PubMed1988

Local cerebral glucose utilization of the awake rat during chronic administration of nicotine.

Local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) was measured in 45 regions of the rat brain during chronic nicotine infusion using the quantitative autoradiographic 2-deoxy-D-[1-14C]glucose method described by Sokoloff et al. [J. Neurochem., 28 (1977) 897-916]. Osmotic minipumps, filled with L-nicotine, were implanted 14 days before the measurement of LCGU. The infused nicotine dose of 12.5 micrograms/kg/min resulted in a plasma nicotine concentration of 77 +/- 17 and a plasma cotinine concentration of 504 +/- 137 (mean +/- S.E.M.) ng/ml plasma. One day before the LCGU experiment was performed, spontaneous locomotor activity was measured and found to be reduced significantly. Measurement of LCGU showed a significant increase in 6 of the 45 brain structures examined, i.e. globus pallidus, septal nucleus, lateral geniculate body, superior colliculus (superficial grey layer), interpeduncular nucleus and optic chiasm. These results are partly congruent with previous data of our group obtained during acute nicotine infusion, insofar as LCGU was increased in the optic chiasm, the lateral geniculate body, the superior colliculus, and the interpeduncular nucleus. On the other hand, the increased LCGU in the globus pallidus and septal nucleus occurred during chronic infusion only; other structures were not affected by chronic infusion although their LCGU had been raised during acute infusion. It is concluded that chronic nicotine infusion has distinct effects on the functional activity of several brain structures which are partly congruent with those affected during acute nicotine infusion and partly divergent from them.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Nuclear medicine diagnosis and therapy of distant metastases of pheochromocytoma].

Three foci, suspected of being metastases, were discovered by sonography and computed tomography in a patient twelve years after resection of a phaeochromocytoma and six years after resection of liver metastases. The findings were confirmed by scintigraphy with 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) and treated with 3700 MBq of MIBG, to be repeated in the near future.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗
PubMed1988

[Nuclear medicine diagnosis of Alzheimer type dementia].

Eleven patients with Alzheimer type dementia were investigated by single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) using 99mTc-hexamethylpropylene-aminoxim (HM-PAO). Nine had a typical, symmetrically reduced enrichment in the parieto-temporo-occipital area. In three of these nine patients a similar pattern was recorded additionally in the frontal, in the remaining two in the temporal or parietal region. In a semi-quantitative evaluation radioactivity concentrations in the cerebrum and cerebellum were compared. It demonstrated that there was in relation to the cerebellum a reduced concentration in seven of the eight studied cerebral regions. The relative blood flow of the parieto-temporo-occipital region was most markedly affected and in patients with Alzheimer type dementia was reduced by 25% below that of normal subjects. The results indicate that cerebral SPECT with HM-PAO is a reasonable method of investigation to confirm the diagnosis of "Alzheimer type dementia" and exclude other cerebral disease, especially if pathognomonic findings are to be obtained.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1988

The effect of an acute nicotine infusion on the local cerebral glucose utilization of the awake rat.

The effect of acute infusion of nicotine on local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) was studied in discrete regions of the central nervous system of the rat by means of the quantitative autoradiographic (14C)2-deoxy-D-glucose method described by Sokoloff et al. Nicotine was administered in three dosages: 0.5 microgram/kg/min, 1.58 micrograms/kg/min, and 5 micrograms/kg/min. The resulting plasma concentrations of nicotine were 10/39/114 ng/ml plasma. During the experiment blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, hematocrit, acid-base status, and plasma glucose concentration showed no or minor changes. Nicotine significantly increased LCGU in a dose-dependent manner in the following 9 of 45 examined structures: substantia nigra (compact part), superior colliculus (superficial grey layer), interpeduncular nucleus and cingulate cortex (P less than 0.01); lateral geniculate body, optic chiasm, anteroventral and anteromedial nucleus of thalamus and mamillary body (P less than 0.05). For most of these structures with increased LCGU, other investigators have reported a high regional receptor binding of nicotine (exception: mamillary body and optic chiasm). It is concluded that nicotine has distinct effects on the functional activity of localized brain areas.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Experience with a high-dose therapy concept in metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer].

Three patients with pulmonary metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma were treated with radioiodine. As a first treatment either 1.85 GBq (50 mCi) or 3.7 GBq (100 mCi) were given followed by doses of 11.1 GBq (300 mCi) 131I. In one patient the pulmonary metastases disappeared completely, the two other patients showed a significant regression. In one patient possibly radiation-induced pancytopenic changes appeared after the third and fourth radioiodine treatment, in the other two patients side-effects were not seen.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1988

[HMPAO-SPECT in cerebral seizures].

In nine patients with suspected psychogenic seizures and in three patients with proven epileptic seizures HMPAO-SPECT was performed prior to and during seizure. In the patients with later on-proven psychogenic seizures no, or only slight, changes of regional cerebral blood flow were found. Patients with proven epilepsy revealed partly normal findings interictally but during seizure a markedly increased circumscript blood flow was found in all patients. Even though PET is superior to SPECT with respect to spatial resolution, in the diagnosis of seizures HMPAO-SPECT has the advantage of enabling injection of the tracer during the seizure and the performance of the SPECT study subsequently.

Epilepsy↗
PubMed1987

The effect of an acute nicotine infusion on the local cerebral glucose utilization of the awake rat.

The effect of acute infusion of nicotine on local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) was studied in discrete regions of the central nervous system of the rat by means of the quantitative autoradiographic 2-deoxy-D-[1-14C]glucose method described by Sokoloff et al. Nicotine was administered in 3 dosages: 0.5 microgram/kg/min, 1.58 micrograms/kg/min and 5 micrograms/kg/min. The resulting plasma concentrations of nicotine were 10/39/114 ng/ml plasma. During the experiment, blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, hematocrit, acid-base status and plasma glucose concentration showed no--or minor--changes. Nicotine significantly increased LCGU in a dose-dependent manner in the following 9 of 45 examined structures: substantia nigra (compact part), superior colliculus (superficial grey layer), interpeduncular nucleus and cingulate cortex (P less than 0.01); lateral geniculate body, optic chiasm, anteroventral and anteromedial nucleus of thalamus and mamillary body (P less than 0.05). For most of these structures with increased LCGU, other groups have reported a high regional receptor binding of nicotine (exception: mamillary body and optic chiasm). It is concluded that nicotine has distinct effects on the functional activity of localized brain areas.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[FDG-PET for diagnosis and follow-up of inflammatory processes: initial results from the orthopedic viewpoint].

AIM: The diagnosis and the assessment of osteomyelitis and spondylodiscitis can be difficult. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of FGD-PET in the detection of inflammatory processes. METHOD: 23 orthopedic patients suspected of having peripheral osteomyelitis (n = 13) or spondylodiscitis (n = 10) were examined consecutively with FDG-PET. The FDG-PET scans were evaluated by the nuclear physicians in ignorance of the clinical diagnosis by visual interpretation, which was graded on a five-point scale (0 = no infection-4 = definitely infection). RESULTS: Of 23 patients, 15 had osteomyelitis (n = 8) or spondylodiscitis (n = 7). In these 15 cases, the FDG-PET was true-positive. The sensitivity was 100%. In the 8 cases without infection, the FDG-PET was in 5 cases true-negative and in 3 cases false-positive. Even with inlying metal implants, soft-tissue abscesses could be differentiated from the bony process. CONCLUSION: The FDG-PET is a very sensitive procedure for the diagnosis of osteomyelitis and spondylodiscitis and for screening of inflammation foci. A further advantage is the high spatial solution. The quantification of the inflammatory activity allowed a monitoring of the therapy.

Abscess↗