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Biomedical subjects

F Gudat

Publications and source records attributed to F Gudat.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Detection and typing of hepatitis C RNA in liver biopsies in comparison with histopathology].

Total RNA of 55 frozen liver biopsies were extracted and tested for the presence of HCV RNA and the genotype by RT-PCR using primers of the 5' non-coding region and a type specific primer set for HCV genotyping. In paralell, the activity of chronic hepatitis, the stage of fibrosis as well as chracteristic features of chronic hepatitis C were evaluated by conventional histology. HCV RNA was detected in 49 (89.1%) of 55 liver specimen by either primer set and genotyping was successful in 42 (76.4%) of liver biopsies. The samples were divided in 3 groups: Group A consisted of specimens infected with genotypes 1a, 2a and 2b (n = 13), Group B contained biopsies infected with genotype 1b (n = 24) and Group C were biopsies with two or no detectable genotype. The histology showed a significant higher degree of fibrosis/cirrhosis in Group B (genotype 1b) compared to Group A (11/24 vs. 0/13, p = 0.011). In addition, an advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis was found more often in Group C than B, however, this difference was not significant (5/15 vs. 0/13, p = 0.072). No difference was seen between the three groups with respect to the activity of chronic hepatitis, presence of lymphoid follicles, bile duct lesions or steatosis. We conclude that HCV RNA can readily be detected and typed in frozen liver tissue. Patients infected with HCV genotype 1b have an increased risk developing liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1994

[Early diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection and disease in patients following kidney transplantation].

For early diagnosis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after renal transplantation, 18 patients were monitored within the first 3 months. Blood leukocytes were assayed weekly for the presence of the CMV matrix protein p65 (antigenemia assay) and CMV DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In 12 out of 18 patients, 70 (37.8%) of 185 blood samples were positive by antigenemia assay or by PCR. 49 and 115 samples concurrently were positive and negative by both tests. 8 blood samples were positive only by the antigenemia assay and 13 only by PCR. Therefore, the relative sensitivity of PCR and of antigenemia assay was 88.6% and 81.4% respectively. In 9 of 10 patients who were pre-transplant CMV seropositive and in 4 of 7 patients who were pre-transplant CMV seronegative and received a graft from a seropositive donor, CMV infection was detected by positive antigenemia and/or PCR. Four of these patients developed CMV disease. In all these patients, antigenemia assay and PCR were positive 7 to 16 days prior to onset of clinical symptoms. Antigenemia and PCR are rapid and sensitive methods for the detection of CMV infection 1 to 2 weeks prior to disease. In addition, the semi-quantitative assay of antigenemia enables monitoring of the efficacy of antiviral therapy.

Cytomegalovirus↗
PubMed1994

Epidermal-growth-factor-receptor expression is associated with rapid tumor proliferation in bladder cancer.

Epidermal-growth-factor-receptor (EGF-r) expression has been proposed as a prognostic marker in bladder cancer and is associated with rapid proliferation in cell lines. Ninety-three fresh and 74 formalin-fixed bladder tumors were examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry to assess the relationship between EGF-r expression and proliferation as well as the prevalence of epidermal-growth-factor-receptor (EGF-r) gene amplification. EGF-r expression was strongly associated with BUdr labeling index, grade and stage. EGF-r expression emerged as a stronger predictor of tumor proliferation than grade or stage in analysis of variance. Rapid tumor proliferation might be responsible for bad prognosis reported in EGF-r positive bladder tumors. Also chromosome 7 copy number was associated with grade and stage. EGF-r gene amplification was uncommon (5 of 107 tumors). However, FISH analysis allowed characterization of the pattern of amplification, with clustering of signals suggestive of intrachromosomal amplification more common than diffuse distribution consistent with extrachromosomal amplification.

Bromodeoxyuridine↗
PubMed1994

[Renal changes in liver diseases].

Renal disease occurs frequently along with diseases of the liver. In autopsy material of patients with liver cirrhosis, half of the patients have morphological signs of secondary type IgA nephropathy. In this paper we report on the renal changes observed in patients with diseases of the liver, such as hepatic glomerulosclerosis, secondary IgA nephropathy, glomerulonephritis with viral hepatitis, systemic disease with hepatitis (mixed cryoglobulinemia and polyarteritis nodosa) with renal affection, renal changes after liver transplantation and the hepatorenal syndrome. The morphological changes of the kidney are emphasized.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

The localization of thromboxane synthase in normal and pathological human kidney tissue using a monoclonal antibody Tü 300.

Thromboxane, excreted in the urine in increased amounts in glomerular, vascular and tubulo-interstitial diseases, is considered to originate from the kidney. The localization of thromboxane synthase, a key enzyme of arachidonic acid metabolism, was studied in the human kidney by immunohistology using the monoclonal antibody Tü 300. In the interstitial tissue dendritic reticulum cells surrounding the tubules expressed high concentrations of the enzyme. In glomeruli the enzyme was weakly expressed in podocytes. This was confirmed by co-localization with an antiserum directed to podocalyxin, a marker of the visceral epithelial cells. In the study of various kidney diseases, massive accumulation of thromboxane synthase containing cells was observed in interstitial diseases, whereas in glomerular diseases there were no differences from normal kidney; in a case of thrombotic microangiopathy podocytes exhibited an increase in thromboxane-synthase. The thromboxane-synthase positive infiltrating interstitial cells were shown by conventional light microscopy to be mononuclear phagocytic cells. The physiological sources of renal thromboxane are dendritic reticular cells and podocytes. In interstitial renal disease infiltrating cells of the monocyte/macrophage system constitute the major site of thromboxane synthesis. In glomerular disease, a characteristic alteration of thromboxane-synthase was not found.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1994

[Normal weight of the brain in adults in relation to age, sex, body height and weight].

Based on more than 8000 autopsies of male and female patients without brain diseases the normal brain weight of adult males and females in relation to sex, age, body-weight, and body-height as well as Body Mass Index were calculated. The average brain weight of the adult male was 1336 gr; for the adult female 1198 gr. With increasing age, brain weight decreases by 2.7 gr in males, and by 2.2 gr in females per year. Per centimeter body height brain weight increases independent of sex by an average of about 3.7 gr. Body Mass Index is of minor importance and only relevant in males. Based on these data the independent variables, age and height, were for the first time combined in a nomogram for the calculation of brain weight. The mathematical functions were integrated in a computer program which facilitates the calculation of normal brain weights in individual cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

p53 but not erbB-2 expression is associated with rapid tumor proliferation in urinary bladder cancer.

Tumor proliferation in bladder cancer is associated with tumor behavior. To assess the association between Ki-67 labeling index (LI), p53, and c-erbB-2 overexpression, formalin-fixed tissue samples of 160 patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder were studied by immunohistochemistry. Ki-67 LI was strongly associated with tumor stage (P < .0001), tumor grade (P < .0001), and p53 status (P = .0014) but not with erbB-2 overexpression (P > .2). Ki-67 LI was higher in p53-positive tumors (19%) than in p53-negative tumors (14%) when all stages were compared. Ki-67 LI was independent of p53 expression in pTa tumors (p53-positive, 9%; p53-negative, 11%), showing that p53 overexpression alone is not sufficient to induce rapid tumor cell proliferation in pTa tumors. Ki-67 LI also was independent of p53 expression in pT2 to pT4 tumors (p53-positive, 20%; p53-negative, 23%), indicating that p53 expression is not necessary for rapid tumor cell proliferation in advanced stages. However, there was a striking difference in Ki-67 LI between p53-positive pT1 tumors (22.0% +/- 8.8 standard deviation [SD]; n = 20) and p53-negative pT1 tumors (9.7 +/- 8.3 SD; n = 22; P = .0001). These results suggest that increased proliferation in p53-positive pT1 tumors is caused by additional alterations that occur during tumor progression.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell↗
PubMed1994

A new mutational hot-spot in the p53 gene in human hepatocellular carcinoma.

Mutations in the p53 gene are frequent genetic alterations in human hepatocellular carcinoma. We have examined 38 hepatocellular carcinoma cases from Taiwan for the presence of p53 alterations in exons 5-8 of the gene using the single-stranded conformational polymorphism method and direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products. Using the single-stranded conformational polymorphism method, we found mutations in 16 (42.1%) cases. Twelve mutations were found in exon 5, three in exon 7, and one in exon 8. No mutations were found in exon 6. Sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products showed that all mutations in exon 5 were clustered at codon 166 and were T/A transversions resulting in an amino acid change from serine to threonine, identifying a new hot-spot for point mutations in the p53 gene. The mutations in exon 7 were all at codon 249, and were G/T transversions leading to an amino acid change of arginine to serine. Finally, the mutation at exon 8 was a G-to-T transversion at codon 286 leading to a stop codon. These data indicate that mutations of the p53 gene may be important in the development of human hepatocellular carcinoma and that, in contrast to other tumors, the mutations of the p53 gene in hepatocellular carcinomas can be clustered in a specific codon of the gene.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Detection of hepatitis B and C viruses in liver tissue with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Polymerase chain reaction was used to investigate the presence of the hepatitis B and C viruses in liver tissue from Taiwanese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma by examining paired samples (tumor and non-tumor) from 38 cases. We used a DNA-polymerase chain reaction protocol with primers spanning the regions of the hepatitis B virus genome corresponding to HBs, HBc, and HBx genes and RNA-polymerase chain reaction protocol with primers spanning the 5' untranslated region of the hepatitis C virus. Co-infection with hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses was seen in nine patients (23%), only three of whom had anti-hepatitis C virus in serum. One of these three was HBsAg-negative in serum while the other two and four of the other six from this group were HBsAg-positive. One of the patients with anti-HCV and no HBsAg in serum had no hepatitis C virus-RNA in liver tissue, while hepatitis B virus-DNA was detectable by using the HBc and HBx specific primers. We detected hepatitis C virus as a single agent in the liver in only one patient. This patient was anti-HCV positive and HBsAg-negative. The remaining 27 patients (71%) had infection with hepatitis B virus only. Twenty-five of 27 patients had HBsAg in their sera. HBs-specific primers detected hepatitis B virus-DNA in non-tumor tissue from 23 patients and in tumor tissue from 25 patients. HBc-specific primers detected hepatitis B virus-DNA in non-tumor tissue from 24 patients and in tumor tissue from 20 patients. Finally, HBx-specific primers detected hepatitis B virus-DNA in non-tumor tissue from 24 patients and in tumor tissue from 25 patients. These data indicate that in a hyperendemic area, hepatitis B virus is closely associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma but that infection with hepatitis C virus may play a secondary role.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1994

Immunoelectron microscopy of different forms of glomerulonephritis in routine biopsy material.

Renal biopsies were investigated of patients with IgA or membraneous glomerulonephritis or with systemic lupus erythematosus by light microscopy, electron microscopy, light microscopic immunohistology and by immunoelectron microscopy using the post-embedding technique applied to LR-White embedded tissue. Aim of the study was to explore whether immunoelectron microscopy is reproduced on routine biopsy material and in accordance with light microscopic immunohistological findings. The study shows that immunoelectron microscopy can be applied to routine biopsy material and gives reproducible results. The applied method proved to be reliable, and, hence, routine biopsy material may be used for further studies concerning subcellular mechanisms in immunocomplex deposition and removal.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1994

A new case of malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis. Immunohistochemistry in comparison with an adenomatoid tumor of the testis.

Malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis is an extremely rare tumor with 41 previously reported cases. The histological and immunohistological features of a new case in an 80-year-old patient are described and compared with an adenomatoid tumor of the tunica vaginalis testis, which is considered to be the benign variant of malignant mesothelioma. Both tumors revealed strong cytoplasmic staining for a panepithelial antibody (Lu-5) and membranous staining for BMA-120 (a mesothelial/endothelial cell marker) but yielded negative staining results with the endothelial cell markers QBend-10 (CD 34), Factor VIII-related antigen (vWF) and UEA-1. There was also negative staining for CEA, Ber-EP4, HEA-125 and Blood group related antigens A, B, H. An identical staining pattern was evident in normal and reactive mesothelial cells. Our data support a mesothelial rather than an endothelial derivation of the adenomatoid tumor studied.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Primary gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy in a white woman. A pathologic, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical study.

A white female with primary gelatinous drop-like corneal dystrophy (PGDD) was followed from the ages of 8 to 37 years. During this time, she underwent repeated lamellar and penetrating keratoplasties on both sides due to relapsing bilateral corneal opacifications. The diagnosis of PGDD was based on the histology of the corneal specimens obtained at 10 and 36 years of age, as well as on the characteristic clinical appearance and course. Electron microscopy showed typical amyloid fibrils. Immunohistochemical staining was mildly positive for amyloid AL (light chain), but negative for amyloid AA, AF, AB, and keratin. Thus, the precursor protein of the amyloid deposits in PGDD might derive from immunoglobulins, e.g., from the tear film. However, the precursor protein might derive from a different origin altogether. In that case, the positive staining for amyloid AL would translate nonspecific absorption of fragments of light chains.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Detection of bcr-abl transcripts in "minimal residual disease" in chronic myelogenous leukemia by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR)].

We compared two non-radioactive PCR methods, a single step PCR and a nested PCR, for detecting bcr-abl transcripts in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). The nested PCR assay was about thousand times more sensitive than the single step PCR. In 75 clinical samples tested in parallel, the sensitivity for the single step PCR and the nested PCR was 43.2% and 91.9%, respectively. In all 17 samples of 9 patients before bone marrow transplantation (BMT), bcr-abl transcripts were detected by the single step PCR. After BMT, 5 (9.8%) of 51 samples of 4 patients were positive by the single step PCR and 17 (33.3%) of 7 patients by the nested PCR. These data indicate that single step PCR may miss minimal residual disease whereas nested PCR is a sensitive alternative to the use of radioactive probes.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1993

Heterogeneity of erbB-2 gene amplification in bladder cancer.

erbB-2 amplification and overexpression have been suggested as potentially useful prognostic markers in bladder cancer. We examined 141 bladder tumor specimens (45 fresh tissue samples and 96 formalin fixed tissue blocks) for erbB-2 amplification using fluorescence in situ hybridization. A dual labeling hybridization using a repetitive pericentromeric probe specific for chromosome 17 and a cosmid probe for the erbB-2 locus was performed to analyze the erbB-2 copy number in relation to chromosome 17 copy number on a cell by cell basis. Amplification (more than twice as many erbB-2 signals as centromere 17 signals per tumor) was found in 10 of 141 tumors. There was considerable heterogeneity in erbB-2 amplification. In a given tumor there was a wide range of erbB-2 copy number in amplified cells. The arrangement of erbB-2 signals in clusters in all amplified cases suggests that erbB-2 amplification occurs intrachromosomally in bladder cancer. Amplification was found only in tumors with aneusomy of chromosome 17 and was more frequent in pT2-T4 tumors than in pTa/T1 tumors. Overexpression was present without amplification in 51 tumors. All tumors with erbB-2 amplification showed erbB-2 overexpression. However, in 5 samples the proportion of cells with amplification was significantly lower than the fraction of cells with overexpression, indicating coexistence of two different mechanisms leading to overexpression in these tumors.

Bromodeoxyuridine↗