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Biomedical subjects

F Guillon

Publications and source records attributed to F Guillon.

51 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Anoxic encephalopathy after cardiocirculatory insufficiency. Neuropathological study apropos of 16 cases].

Sixteen cases of anoxic encephalopathy in adult patients admitted to the intensive Care Department of Raymond Poincaré Hospital (Garches) have been selected on the following criteria: resuscitation by external cardiac massage for cardio-respiratory failure, without any previous history of anoxia and with detailed data on the subsequent evolution of neurological signs and symptoms. Main clinical features were compared to the results of the neuropathological examination. The pattern and the distribution of changes are detailed. The cerebral cortex was always involved by diffuse ischemic cell changes or by laminar necrosis. The Sommer's sector of Ammon's horn was affected in 15 cases, the basal ganglia in 14, the cerebellum in 11, the brain stem in 6. The very rarely mentionned necrotic brain stem changes, which involved inferior colliculi, periaqueductal gray matter and substantia nigra were sometimes associated with lesions of the floor of the IVth Ventricle and of the mamillary bodies. They were different from Wernicke's encephalopathy with could be dismissed on clinical and pathological grounds. No clinical signs or symptoms specific for this distribution of changes could be found by the retrospective study of the clinical files.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Chondromyxosarcoma: a rare form of bone neoplasm in children.

The case described is interesting for its unusual presentation related to its uncommon onset in youth and its revelation by a fracture which led to a first erroneous pathological diagnosis. In fact, retrospective analysis of the CT showing peripheral condensation could suggest the malignant chondroïd nature of the tumor. Subsequent radiological follow-up demonstrated the rapid growth of the tumor hence exhibiting a very invasive form. Myxoïd differentiation is commonly related to aggressive chondrosarcoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Non-starch polysaccharides extracted from seaweed can modulate intestinal absorption of glucose and insulin response in the pig.

We have investigated the possible effects of algal polysaccharides on postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses in an animal model, the pig. Three seaweed fibres of different viscosities, extracted from Palmaria palmata (PP), Eucheuma cottonii (EC), or Laminaria digitata (LD), were compared to purified cellulose (CEL). Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were monitored and intestinal absorption quantified for 8 h following a high carbohydrate test-meal supplemented with 5% fibre. Digestive contents were also sampled, 5 h postprandial. As compared to CEL, PP had no effect on glucose and insulin responses. The latter decreased with EC, but glucose absorption balance was not modified. LD addition resulted in a dramatically reduced glucose absorption balance, accompanied by a higher amount of starch left in the small intestine. Among polysaccharides tested, only the highly viscous alginates could affect intestinal absorption of glucose and insulin response.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Urethral Syndrome in the female ("irritable bladder"): the expression of fantasies about the urogenital area.

The urethral syndrome is a frequently encountered psychosomatic disorder; it constitutes the main complaint of some 20% of all women who consult a urologist. After a brief survey of the history of this syndrome, the authors examine 55 case reports of women with the urethral syndrome. The authors particularly emphasize the significance of the manner in which patients describe their perceptions of the pain, which is a valuable diagnostic sign. A follow-up study of patients for 3 to 21 years after the first interview demonstrated the releative efficiency of the various forms of treatment. A discussion of the therapeutic possibilities and their limitations follows.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of inhalation of hair spray on the rat respiratory system].

A study of the effects of inhaled hair-spray was performed on 118 specific pathogen free male Wistar rats (71 test animals and 47 controls). Rats were exposed for 5 min, three times a day, five days per week, during one to eight weeks, in two plexiglas chambers, one for controls and one for test animals. The chambers were 20 1 in size, but only the noses of the animals were exposed to ambiant air or to a hair-spray aerosol polluted atmosphere. In the test chamber, the hair-spray was aerosolized for 30 s at the beginning of each exposure, using about 30 g of nebulized product. This hair-spray amount was high, although non-lethal (70% of DL0, 45% of DL50 and 26% of DL100). The hair-spray exposed rats exhibited significant modifications in the antixenic defence mechanisms of their respiratory system: diminished ciliary activity of the tracheal epithelium (-26%), increased number of harvested pulmonary macrophages (+52%), but decreased phagocytic ability of these cells (-8%). However we did not observe histologic differences in the respiratory system of exposed and control rats.

Aerosols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Colorectal carcinoma in patients aged 75 years and more: factors influencing short and long-term operative mortality.

A review of 238 patients aged over 75 years and operated on for colorectal cancer was undertaken to analyse factors influencing short and long-term operative mortality. Operative mortality in the first postoperative month was 13% (n = 31) and 17% (n = 35) in the first year. Four factors influenced significantly postoperative mortality in the first month: postoperative complications (p = 0.0001) related to medical complications (p = 0.0001), emergency surgery (p = 0.007), type of anesthesia (p = 0.01). Mortality during the first year (excluding patients who died in the first month) was higher in females (p = 0.05), in patients subjected to emergency operation (p = 0.004), in patients with preexisting, cerebrovascular accident (p = 0.04) and in patients with Dukes C staging (p = 0.0001). A multivariate analysis with Cox's model revealed 3 prognostic factors: Dukes staging (p = 0.0001), medical complications in the postoperative period (p = 0.0001) and type of anesthesia (p = 0.0009). Age as an isolated factor is not a contraindication to colorectal surgery in elderly patients presenting colonic or rectal carcinoma. Prognosis in elderly patients is first correlated to the control of postoperative mortality undergoing until the first year and then to the cancer itself.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Laparoscopic treatment for choledocholithiasis: a prospective evaluation in 247 consecutive unselected patients.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Evaluation of the feasibility and results of the one-stage treatment combining routine intraoperative cholangiography and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration for choledocholithiasis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Multicentric (5 centers-9 surgeons) prospective study in 247 consecutive patients (mean age 68 years; range 21-92) during a 50-month period (November 1991-December 1995). Laparoscopic treatment of choledocholithiasis was attempted irrespective of the circumstances leading to the diagnosis of biliary lithiasis or the preoperative suspicion of choledocholithiasis. RESULTS: One out of four patients (n = 61) had unsuspected choledocholithiasis disclosed by routine intraoperative cholangiography. A laparoscopic complete clearance of choledocholithiasis was achieved in 208 of 236 attempted cases (88%), with either transcystic duct extraction (n = 116) or choledochotomy (n = 92). Open surgery was required in 20 patients for failure of laparoscopic treatment and in 3 patients despite successful extraction. Twenty-one of 25 patients (84%) referred for failure of retrograde endoscopic stone extraction had successful laparoscopic choledocholithiasis clearance. The mean duration for the laparoscopic transcystic approach and choledochotomy were 108 min (range 50-300) and 173 min (range 70-480), respectively. Eleven patients had retained stones (4.4%). Minor and major complications were recorded in 9 and 22 patients respectively. The operative mortality was 0.4% (95% confidence interval: 0-1.2%). CONCLUSION: Intraoperative cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration when required should be considered as the simplest and most efficient treatment for choledocholithiasis. The multicenter character of this study including consecutive patients from public and private practices, strengthens our conclusions and is consistent with a wide diffusion of this diagnostic and therapeutic strategy.

Adult↗