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Biomedical subjects

F H Hochberg

Publications and source records attributed to F H Hochberg.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

Ventricular differences between hydrostatic hydrocephalus and hydrocephalus ex vacuo by computed tomography.

Transaxial CT scans of 100 patients with hydrostatic hydrocephalus and 50 patients with hydrocephalus ex vacuo have been reviewed with respect to measurements of: frontal horn ratio, width of the temporal horns, width of the third ventricle, width of cerebral fissures and sulci. The diagnosis of hydrostatic hydrocephalus is probable when (a) both temporal tips are visualized and measure 2 mm or greater in width and the sylvian and interhemispheric fissures and cerebral sulci are not visible, or (b) there is visualization of temporal horn tips measuring 2 mm or greater in width and the lateral ventricles are symmetrically enlarged with the frontal horn ratio 0.50 or more.

Cerebral Ventriculography↗
PubMed1979

Quality and duration of survival in glioblastoma multiforme. Combined surgical, radiation, and lomustine therapy.

A retrospective evaluation of the quality and length of survival of 74 patients nonrandomly receiving lomustine, 100 to 110 mg/sq m, following craniotomy and irradiation for glioblastoma multiforme was performed. After surgery all patients were capable of at least partial self-care. Patients receiving postoperative irradiation and lomustine had a median survival of 11.5 months. While receiving chemotherapy, 40% of these patients were capable of at least partial employment; 75% were able to care for themselves. These levels of function were stable for 70% of the average postoperative course (8.0 months), following which a decline ensued.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1977

Herpes simplex infection and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. An experimental model system for reactivation of EAE.

The effects of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection on the course of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) were studied in rats. Fifty percent of animals given two intracerebral injections of HSV-1, one before and one after induction of EAE, showed clinical and pathologic evidence of recently exacerbated EAE 16 days after the second HSV-1 injection. When HSV-1 injections were administered subcutaneously before and after induction of EAE, 45% of survivors showed pathologic changes of recent EAE. A single injection intracerebally or subcutaneously of HSV-1 given before the development of EAE did not change the clinical severity or time course of EAE. A single injection intracerebrally or subcutaneously of HSV-1 given after the development of EAE did not cause clinical recrudescence of the EAE. Pathologic but not clinical evidence of EAE recurrence was found in three of nine animals given one injection of HSV-1 intracerebrally before and one of control material intracerebrally after induction of EAE. Pathologic evidence of EAE recurrence was found in six of 14 rats given one injection of control material intracerebrally before and one of HSV-1 intracebrally after induction of EAE. Cell suspensions, free of HSV-1, given prior and subsequent to the development of EAE did not cause a change in the EAE severity or a recrudescence of the EAE.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Mononucleosis-associated subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

A thirteen-year-old girl died of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) which occurred as part of a complex encephalitic illness related to acute infectious mononucleosis. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) fluorescent antibody (FA) titer was 1:64. Electron microscopic examination revealed 17 nanometer (nm) diameter paramyxovirus-like nucleocapsids in brain sections and 90 nm diameter herpes virus-like enveloped particles in negatively stained brain tissue extracts. Indirect FA staining of cerebral cortex sections demonstrated both measles and EBV antigenic material. EBV antigenic material has not previously been demonstrated in brain tissue. The proportion of B lymphocytes among the patient's peripheral blood lymphocytes was significantly increased as compared to normal controls, while the T lymphocyte percentage was normal. It is suggested that defects in cellular immunity associated with infectious mononucleosis may have been responsible for activation of latent measles-like virus. This is the tenth reported case in which two viruses have been associated with SSPE. This is the third instance in the authors' experience in which acute EBV infection has occurred coincident with the development of SSPE.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Demyelinative myelopathy in mice induced by the DA virus.

An attenuated tissue culture adapted strain of DA virus, an agent related to the Theiler murine encephalomyelitis viruses (TMEV), was used to induce a chronic myelopathy in mice. Spastic paraparesis first appeared 5 months after weanings were inoculated intracerebrally with the virus. None died as a direct result of the infection, and none improved once paretic. The major pathological change in these mice was demyelination of thoracic segments of spinal cord. No clinical illness or demyelinative pathology were detected during the first 4 months after inoculation. Encephalitic virus was present in brain and spinal cord as late as 10 months after inoculation. No neutralization antibody activity to DA virus was present in sera from 10 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 10 with multiple sclerosis, or in 10 controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Influenza type B-related encephalopathy. The 1971 outbreak of Reye syndrome in Chicago.

Between Jan 15 and March 15, 1971, forty-eight grade-school patients living in western Chicago were hospitalized with an encephalopathic illness. Fourteen of these children had illnesses compatible with Reye syndrome (encephalpathy with liver impairment). Most of the children showed evidence of central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction within ten days after onset of a febrile upper respiratory tract illness. Seizures developed in 11 of the 48 patients (including 4 of the 14 with Reye syndrome). Eight of the encephalopathic patients, including 6 of the 14 with Reye syndrome, died. Two children without Reye syndrome had abnormalities of liver enzymes coincident with cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis. Sixteen of the 24 patients tested had titer rises in serum against influenza type B only; influenza type B was isolated from throat cultures of 2 patients. This, the seventh report of CNS complications (Reye syndrome) associated with influenza type B, suggests that surveillance for neurologic sequelae should become part of the epidemiologic evaluation of influenza epidemics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Computed tomography with the EMI scanner in the diagnosis of primary and metastatic intracranial neoplasms.

The findings and diagnostic results in 600 examinations of primary and metastatic intracranial neoplasms performed at one hospital with the EMI scanner are presented and the effectiveness of this method is compared with that of radionuclide imaging, cerebral angiography, and pneumoencephalography. The computed scan proved to be highly reliable in the diagnosis of glioma, cerebral metastases, meningioma, and acoustic neuroma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1975

Arteriographic correlates of handedness.

Bilateral intracranial arteriograms of 123 right-handed patients and 38 left-handed patients were evaluated for: (1) the angulation of the branches of the right and left middle cerebral arteries as they leave the Sylvian fissure, (2) the position of the posterior saggital sinus with respect to the anatomic saggital midline, and (3) the dominant right-sided and left-sided superficial cortical venous drainage (Labbé, Trolard, and Sylvian). Arteriographic evaluations of these points may prove useful in assessing cerebral dominance.

Carotid Arteries↗
PubMed1975

Computerized axial tomography: clinicopathologic correlation.

Between August 1973 and April 1974 more than 750 patients had computerized axial tomography (CT) scans at the Massachusetts General Hospital. Ten brains from previously CT-scanned patients in this group were sectioned in the plane of the scan. Nearly exact correlation was found between the anatomic location and extent of intracranial lesions demonstrated by CT scan and the findings on gross and microscopic pathologic examination in cases of primary intracranial tumors, obstructive hydrocephalus, intracerebral hemorrhage, ischemic and hemorrhagic infarctions, pineal tumor, and thermal-burn encephalopathy. Determination of absorption values (mu) of 47 pathologically verified processes showed that high-absorption intracerebral hemorrhage and calcium-containing tumors are readily separable from other processes on the basis of mu values alone. However, the abnormal mu values of primary brain tumor, edema, and infarction are difficult to distinguish from those of normal spinal fluid and white matter.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1975

Stroke in a 15-year-old girl secondary to terminal carotid dissection.

A 15-year-old girl died 14 days after hemiplegia suddenly developed. On arteriography, intimal separation of the middle cerebral arteries showed as a long attenuated column of dye--the "string" sign. Pathologic examination showed intimal separation starting at the distal bifurcation of the right internal carotid artery and extending into the middle and anterior cerebral arteries. The arteriographic string sign as evidence of dissection may aid diagnosis of this cause of childhood hemiplegia.

Adolescent↗