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Biomedical subjects

F Halter

Publications and source records attributed to F Halter.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Measurement of cholecystokinin octapeptide-induced motility of rat antrum, pylorus, and duodenum in vitro.

Motor effects of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-OP) on rat antrum, pylorus, and duodenum have been studied in vitro under standard conditions. Intraluminal pressure changes were simultaneously measured at the three locations using a perfusion manometric system with a novel intraluminal pressure-sensor device. This device comprised an acrylic cast of the rat gastroduodenal tract containing the perfusion catheters that reached the surface of the cast with their outlets in the antrum, pylorus, and duodenum. A selective and sensitive intraluminal local pressure measurement was achieved with this pressure sensor due to its shape. CCK-OP increased base-line pressure in the antrum, pylorus, and duodenum; frequencies of phasic contractions in the antrum and pylorus; and amplitudes in the duodenum. The peptide also decreased contraction amplitudes in the antrum and pylorus and frequency of phasic contractions in the duodenum. It is concluded that the novel intraluminal pressure sensor is a useful tool for measuring local pressure changes in the gastroduodenal tract of the rat. In this experimental model, effects of CCK-OP on antral, pyloric, and duodenal base-line pressure are comparable with those observed in isolated muscle strips and in the intact organ of humans, dogs, and opossums. A different behavior, however, was observed in the force of antral and frequency of duodenal phasic contractions.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Mechanism of action of cholecystokinin octapeptide on rat antrum, pylorus, and duodenum.

The mechanism of action of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-OP) on tonic and phasic contraction of antral, pyloric, and duodenal smooth muscles was studied with a novel perfusion manometric system in isolated esophagogastroduodenal preparations of the rat. CCK-OP increased baseline pressure at each site, frequencies of phasic contractions in the antrum and pylorus, and amplitudes in the duodenum. It decreased antral and pyloric amplitudes and frequency of duodenal phasic contractions. CCK-OP action on tonic contraction was tetradotoxin (TTX) susceptible and its action on phasic contractions was TTX resistant. Phentolamine, phenoxybenzamine, propranolol, catecholamine depletion of preparations by reserpine-tetrabenazine, and the block of catecholamine synthesis at different levels significantly inhibited CCK-OP-induced tonic contraction, whereas atropine had no influence. Adrenergic and cholinergic neural actions on phasic contractions altered the level of amplitudes and frequencies on which CCK-OP action occurred. It is concluded that CCK-OP action on tonic contraction of the rat gastroduodenal junction is mediated by a neural noncholinergic pathway, whereas its effect on muscles responsible for phasic contractions is a direct one.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of gastrointestinal loss of alpha-1-antitrypsin and chromium-51-albumin in Ménétrier's disease and the influence of ranitidine.

In a 37-year-old patient with Ménétrier's disease, 51Cr-albumin and alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) output was measured simultaneously in gastric juice and feces. While the 51Cr-albumin studies demonstrated a threefold increase in gastrointestinal protein loss, alpha 1-AT was found in normal quantities in gastric juice and feces. The histamine H2 antagonist, ranitidine, led to a marked reduction in gastric protein loss, as evidenced by decreased 51Cr activity in the stomach. Studies of protein loss in the gastric juice during pentagastrin stimulation (6 micrograms/kg/h) showed that the 51Cr-albumin output paralleled the volume secreted, whereas alpha 1-AT decreased with lower pH values, not being detectable below pH 3. This probably results from peptic degradation of alpha 1-AT at low pH. We conclude that fecal alpha 1-AT determination cannot be used for the assessment of protein-losing gastropathy in patients who are not achlorhydric.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Influence of long-term 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 treatment on the rat gastrointestinal mucosa.

We performed acid secretory and histomorphometric studies in rats treated intragastrically with a regimen of 100 micrograms/kg or 5 micrograms/kg of 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2, or of saline every 8 h for 21 days. All animals given the high-dose treatment developed a macroscopically visible enlargement of the ridge at the corpus-forestomach border, due to an increase in connective tissue and epithelial cell layer. Mucosal thickness was significantly increased in all parts of the stomach, the duodenum, and the proximal colon, but most markedly in the gastric antrum (+115%), where it was accompanied by a higher mitotic rate and hyperplasia of surface and foveolar mucous cells. Within the oxyntic area (corpus), high-dose prostaglandin treatment led to an increase in the number of surface and foveolar mucous cells and chief cells. In contrast, both the number of parietal cells and maximal acid output were not influenced. It is unlikely that the hyperplasia of gastric mucosa is mediated by gastrin since gastrin has no trophic effects on the rat antrum and disproportionally increases the parietal cell number of the oxyntic gastric glands.

16,16-Dimethylprostaglandin E2↗
PubMed1982

[Treatment of reflux esophagitis with ranitidine. A multicentric prospective study].

Thirty-eight patients with erosive-ulcerative reflux esophagitis were treated in an open trial with the histamine-H2-receptor antagonist ranitidine (150 mg twice daily). At endoscopy after 6 weeks there was evidence of complete healing of all epithelial defects in 20 of 38 patients (53%). Continuation of treatment for another 6 weeks in 13 patients was followed by healing in 6 additional patients as judged by endoscopy. Although the symptoms of the group as a whole improved significantly during treatment, there was no correlation between the degree of symptomatic improvement and healing of esophagitis. Also, the healing rate did not depend on age, sex, smoking and drinking habits or on the severity of esophagitis. It is concluded that medical treatment of reflux esophagitis with ranitidine is promising, even in severe cases previously considered candidates for surgery.

Anti-Ulcer Agents↗
PubMed1981

[The effect of salmon calcitonin on pancreatic enzymes and hormones before and after retrograde cholangiopancreatography].

The effect of salmon calcitonin (SMC) on pancreatic enzymes and hormones was investigated following retrograde choledocho-pancreatography (ERCP). 40 patients were randomly divided in two groups and 2.5 micrograms/h SMC or sodium chloride was infused intravenously for 28 hours. Infusion was started 4 hours before endoscopic procedure and amylase, lipase, glucose, insulin, glucagon and gastrin plasma concentrations were measured before and 2, 12 and 24 hours after the end of the ERCP. According to the radiological findings of pancreatography two additional groups were formed: group 1 with visualization of the main duct and its branches and group 2 with additional visualization of the pancreatic parenchyma. No change in glucose, insulin, glucagon and gastrin was found in any of the groups analyzed. Amylase and lipase showed a significant increase after 2 hours and 24 hours later, values were reached which were not significantly different to baseline levels. The time course of the plasma concentrations was identical in the patients treated by SMC or sodium chloride and showed no significant difference at the various time intervals. Therefore, inhibition of the known increase in pancreatic enzymes following ERCP was not found with SMC treatment.

Amylases↗
PubMed1981

Clinical experience with impromidine, a highly specific H2-receptor agonist.

The gastric secretory response to impromidine (SKF 92676), a potent selective histamine H2 agonist, has been studied in 40 patients with peptic ulcer disease or ulcer-like dyspepsia. Peak acid output following the intravenous infusion of impromidine, 10 micrograms kg-1h-1, or pentagastrin, 6 micrograms kg-1h-1, was not significantly different. This was also the case when the two drugs were administered subcutaneously at the same dose. Impromidine was well tolerated with only minor effects on the cardiovascular system both in 10 younger patients and in 20 subjects over the age of 55 years with mild to moderate cardiovascular disease. Impromidine can be considered an important tool for further investigation of the role of histamine at the H2-receptor site in man.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Sonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography in the diagnosis of diseases of the pancreas and biliary system (author's transl)].

The value of sonography and ERCP was studied in a retrospective series of 128 patients with pancreatic and biliary disease. Sonography and ERCP employed singly provided a correct diagnosis in 68% and 75.5% respectively; combined diagnostic accuracy rose to 85%. The inclusion of other diagnostic information produced almost identical figures for sonography and ERCP of 82% and 86% respectively. Consequently, sonography must be recommended in the first place as a non-invasive method for the diagnosis of pancreatic and biliary disease. The indications for ERCP are for the elucidation of chronic pancreatitis without pseudo-cysts and for other pancreatic abnormalities not clearly shown by sonography, and also for the demonstration of the biliary system in non-obstructive jaundice.

Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde↗
PubMed1979

[Cimetidine versus antacids].

The rationale of ulcer therapy with cimetidine or antacids is to block or neutralize gastric acid secretion intragastrically. 5 tablets of cimetidine can inhibit gastric acid secretion in duodenal ulcer patients by more than 50% over a 24-hour period. Approximately 250 ml per day of a highly active antacid is necessary to achieve a similar effect. The effect of cimetidine on night secretion is superior. In acute ulcer attack cimetidine brings about healing of the ulcer in duodenal ulcer disease in about 80% of all patients in about 4-6 weeks, and a maintenance dose of 200 mg in the evening may prevent a recurrence within a year in about 50% of all patients. According to American studies, antacid therapy in the above-mentioned dosage may achieve a similar healing rate in duodenal ulcer patients in acute attack. However, it is unknown whether high antacid therapy prevents ulcer recurrences. If acceptability of the treatment by the patient, side effects and costs are taken into account, cimetidine appears to be superior to high doses of antacid. However, it must be considered that in many European countries, including Switzerland, the spontaneous healing rate is up to 60% in placebo studies. It is thus legitimate to continue treating uncomplicated ulcers with the small antacid doses customary in Europe.

Antacids↗
PubMed1979

A double-blind trial of loperamide in the treatment of chronic diarrhoea.

A new antidiarrhoeal compound, loperamide (Imodium; (Janssen) Ethnor) has been evaluated in the treatment of patients with chronic nonspecific diarrhoea. In a double-blind trial its effect was compared with that of a placebo. The results of this trial indicate that loperamide is an effective antidiarrhoeal compound.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Effects of prolonged administration of metiamide on serum gastrin, gastrin content of the antrum and gastric corpus, and G-cell population in the rat.

The effect of prolonged metiamide administration on serum gastrin, gastrin content of the antrum and gastric corpus, and G-cell population was studied in the rat. A single subcutaneous injection of metiamide (200 mg/kg) at the onset of 16 days of continous treatment with three daily injections was followed by a fivefold increase in serum gastrin level at 4 hr in fasted and at 4 and 6 hr in fed rats. After 16 days of metiamide, the fed rats showed a peak in serum gastrin level of the same magnitude as on day 1, but only at 4 hr. Two hours later, the levels decreased rapidly to basal values. In the fasted animals, the response to metiamide was reduced to a threefold increase at 2 hr. There was no difference in gastrin content of the antrum and gastric corpus nor in volume density of the G-cells after the prolonged treatment compared with the controls. It is concluded that in spite of rises in serum gastrin, prolonged metiamide medication has no effect on the gastrin content of the antrum and gastric corpus nor on the G-cell population in the rat. Furthermore, after prolonged treatment, metiamide-induced gastrin release is diminished.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Effect of duodenal acidification on plasma secretin and pancreatic polypeptide in man (author's transl)].

Plasma secretin and pancreatic polypeptide has been measured in 10 normal volunteers before and after intraduodenal acidification. Secretin rose rapidly from 1,4 +/- 0,44 to 11,2 +/- 1,24 pmol/l (+/- SEM). PP also rose significantly from 39,0 +/- 3,0 to 52.3 +/- 5,8 pmol (paired p less than 0.01) but much slower and to a lesser extent than seen after a meal. This supports the conclusion that acid plays no important role in control of postprandial PP release.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Indications for and dangers of methods for gastroenterological endoscopy].

The value of modern fiberoptic endoscopy is discussed by comparing negative and positive aspects of both radiology and endoscopy. A detailed analysis is provided of the complications observed in 16,477 invasive gastrointestinal investigations performed over the last 11 1/2 years in our unit. The morbidity was 0.1% in 5886 large bowel examinations and 0.2% in esophago-gastroduodenoscopy and in all 2871 investigations involving invasive liver-pancreas diagnostics. The overall mortality was 0.06%. It is emphasized that in invasive gastrointestinal examinations elderly and debilitated patients are at risk, whereas the danger is minimal for patients in reasonable health.

Aged↗