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Biomedical subjects

F Haschke

Publications and source records attributed to F Haschke.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Body composition of adolescent males. Part I. Total body water in normal adolescent males. Part II. Body composition of the male reference adolescent.

This study was undertaken to obtain total body water (TBW) data suitable for derivation of body composition of the typical adolescent male. TBW by the deuterium dilution method, stage of sexual development and anthropometric parameters (weight, height and triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness) were determined in 108 males between 10 and 14 years of age, whose weight and height fell between the 10th and the 90th percentile of the NCHS reference data. TBW/weight did not change significantly between 10 and 14 years, although a slight increase after age 11 years and from genital stage 2 to stage 5 was present. This indicates that body fat content decreases after 11 years and after genital stage 2, especially if the fact is taken into account that water content of fat-free body mass decreases during this age period. The ability of single anthropometric parameters to predict TBW/weight was low (subscapular skinfold thickness, r = -0.62; triceps skinfold thickness, r = -0.54; weight/height cube ratio, r = -0.48). Even with the use of various combinations of anthropometric parameters in multiple stepwise prediction equations it was not possible to explain more than 50% of the variation of TBW/weight and the high standard error of the estimate indicated large errors in prediction. Thus, body composition of normal adolescent males cannot be predicted with an acceptable degree of accuracy by anthropometric parameters. On the other hand, the deuterium dilution method using salivary water represents a noninvasive method for the determination of TBW which is quite simple and suitable for field studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Phosphorus and calcium metabolism of premature infants fed human milk and formulated milk].

Development of rickets in vitamin-D supplemented very-low-birthweight (VLBW) infants can be associated with low Phosphorus (P) and Calcium (Ca) intake. Therefore, we estimated P and Ca intake of three VLBW-infants who were fed pooled human milk after birth and then switched to an adapted formula. We measured P, Ca, activity of alkaline phosphatase and parathormone in serum and P and Ca excretion in urine. P and Ca intake was below the estimated requirement for prematures with pooled human milk as well as with the adapted formula, on the other hand, Ca and especially P intake increased when infants were switched to the adapted formula. When fed human milk we found evidence for a P deficiency in the body with signs of inadequate bone mineralisation. On the adapted formula infants showed Ca deficiency but bone mineralisation improved. From our findings we conclude that on pooled human milk VLBW-infants do not receive the required amount of P and Ca. The signs of Ca deficiency on the adapted formula might be related to low Ca intake or to the P: Ca ratio of the formula which could be inadequate for VLBW-infants.

Calcium↗
PubMed1981

[Lead intake with food of young infants in the years 1980/81 (author's transl)].

Several studies related minimal cerebral dysfunction in children to environmental lead exposure. We calculated the lead intake of young infants based on measurements of the lead content in their food. There was no significant difference between the lead content of 13 samples of pooled breast milk (50.2 +/- 22.5 micrograms/l), 11 samples of adapted and followup formulas (67.4 +/- 9.9 micrograms/l) and 9 samples of cow milk (59.5 +/- 22.5 micrograms/l). In fruits, commercially prepared strained fruits and juices lead concentrations were between 18.7 and 123.6 micrograms/kg. Based on the mean concentration of all products we calculated the average lead content in an infant's fruit or juice dinner to be 67 micrograms/kg. In plain and creamed vegetables lead concentrations were between 98.2 and 204.0 micrograms/kg, with the highest lead content in potatoes, spinach and carrots. The average lead content in an infant's plain or creamed vegetable dinner was 117 micrograms/kg. The lead intake over the first 6 months of life was calculated from the above-mentioned data and the average amount of food consumed per day. It was found to be below the maximum daily permissible intake from all sources. However, especially after introduction of mixed feeding (vegetables!) at the age of 4 months, the daily lead intake was close to the tolerance limit. There was no evidence of lead contamination during production of commercially-prepared baby food. Environmental contamination seems to be the main reason for the high lead content in infant food, especially in vegetables.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Shortening of interval between first and second TBE vaccination in asthmatic children (author's transl)].

37 children suffering from asthma had to be vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) with an interval of only 10 days between the first two vaccinations. Sufficient antibodies were detected in samples taken 14 days after the second injection. No differences were found between the results in this group of asthmatic children and in children who were vaccinated with the usual interval of 1 to 3 months elapsing between the first two injections. The asthmatic children tolerated the vaccination very well, moreover the indicence of side reactions was not different from that of the control group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Zinc-protein binding in different types of milk and the effect of pepsin (author's transl)].

Human milk, cow milk and an infant formula containing skimmed milk and demineralized whey with and without added ZnSO4 were separated by gel chromatography. The bulk of zinc from all four types of milk eluted with a high-molecular protein fraction. In human milk zinc in an additional peak which corresponded to a protein fraction with an approximate molecular weight of 10(4) Daltons. The zinc-binding ligands described in the literature are of comparable size. After incubation with pepsin at pH 2, all zinc was eluted from human milk with the low-molecular protein fraction (1-1.5 x 10(4) Daltons). Incubation of the infant formula also resulted in the appearance of a new zinc peak at 1-1.5 x 10(4) Daltons. These data show that zinc-protein binding is markedly affected by peptic digestion. It appears possible that low-molecular zinc-binding ligands are present in milk types other than human milk and that they are released from aggregated by peptic digestion.

Albumins↗
PubMed1981

Influence of aerobiology and weather on symptoms in children with asthma.

Local and central European weather, pollen (Castanea and Poaceae) and spore (alternaria and cladosporium) counts, and asthmatic complaints and drug requirements (expressed as "attack score") were correlated in a group of 40 asthmatic children (21 with recurrent symptoms) during a summer holiday camp for 6 weeks. It was shown that there are significant correlations between the cumulative 24-hour pollen count over 6 weeks and the attack frequency. 2-Hourly counts or daily counts did not correlate with complaints. Consecutive 10-day averages of attacks and pollen and spore counts showed good agreement. The influence of local weather was negligible. Low pressure gradients or high atmospheric pressure was not beneficial. Improvements of lung function are ascribed to training effects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Body composition of a nine-year-old reference boy.

Utilizing available data and several assumptions, the body content of water, minerals, protein, carbohydrate, and fat has been estimated for a 9-year-old reference boy. This reference boy is leaner than the reference man (13.4 versus 15.3% of body weight) and his fat-free body mass exhibits greater concentration of water (75.5 versus 73.7%) and lesser concentrations of potassium (66.8 versus 68.1 mEq/kg) and total minerals (4.7 versus 6.9%). If age-specific values are used for composition of fat-free body mass body composition), it will be possible to avoid underestimation of fat content calculated from data on total body water and overestimation of fat content calculated from 40K counting data or from body density determined by underwater weighing.

Body Composition↗
PubMed1981

Hyperaldosteronism after heart surgery in children. Part II: Regulation of aldosterone secretion.

The relative importance of the various mechanisms responsible for development of postoperative hyperaldosteronism (HA) is not known. Therefore, serum sodium (NA), plasma-renin activity (PRA) and plasma cortisol (PC) were evaluated in pediatric patients with transient HA following heart surgery. PRA and PC were elevated and NA was depressed postoperatively. Plasma aldosterone (PA) was negatively correlated with NA (r = -0.77; p less than 0.001) and positively correlated with PRA (r = 0.68; p less than 0.01) but was not significantly correlated with PC. PRA and NA were significantly negatively correlated (r = 0.53; p less than 0.005). Multiple regression analysis revealed that NA had the strongest influence on PA, with PRA having a somewhat lesser but still significant influence; PC had no influence. Despite the significant negative correlation between PRA and NA, the interaction of the two variables in influencing PA was not significant (partial F-test; F = 0.12; p greater tha 0.5). It is concluded that in the postoperative state sodium depletion stimulates secretion of aldosterone not only via the angiotensin-renin system but also in a significant manner by a mechanism unrelated to the angiotensin-renin system. ACTH does not seem to play an important role in postoperative HA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Hyperaldosteronism after heart surgery in children. Part I: Treatment with aldosterone antagonists.

The course of postoperative hyperaldosteronism and its effect on fluid and electrolyte metabolism were studied in children undergoing open and closed heart surgery. Serum sodium was transiently depressed and red cell sodium concentration remained unchanged. Serum and red cell potassium concentrations were low. Hematocrit did not change significantly during the postoperative period ruling out overhydration. Therefore, the electrolyte changes are interpreted to indicate body potassium loss. That hyperaldosteronism caused potassium loss is suggested by an inverse relationship between plasma aldosterone and red cell potassium concentration. No significant differences were observed between patients undergoing open and those undergoing closed heart surgery. An additional, alternately selected group of patients undergoing open heart surgery was treated with aldosterone antagonists beginning 48 hours before surgery. Treatment did not change the course or extent of hyperaldosteronism. Specifically, potassium loss was not diminished and there was no difference in urine volume postoperatively. We conclude that aldosterone antagonists in the dosage used had no effect on the course of postoperative hyperaldosteronism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Carrot soup analysis (author's transl)].

The sodium and potassium concentration, the osmolality and the carbohydrate content were determined in carrot soups prepared in 4 different children's hospitals and used as oral therapy for infantile diarrhoea. The results were compared with the sugar/electrolyte solutions increasingly recommended for oral rehydration. If adequately prepared (Moro),the carrot soup can replace enteral loss of sodium and potassium and contains sufficient glucose and sucrose as free sugars to ensure optimum sodium and water absorption in the jejunum. The addition of high osmolar glucose in a commercially available carrot food (Hipp) used in the preparation of the soup in two hospitals increases its osmolality, which might provide an extra strain on the affected intestine of these ill infants.

Diarrhea, Infantile↗