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Biomedical subjects

F Hashimoto

Publications and source records attributed to F Hashimoto.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Significance of catalase in peroxisomal fatty acyl-CoA beta-oxidation.

Catalase activity was inhibited by aminotriazole administration to rats in order to evaluate the influence of catalase on the peroxisomal fatty acyl-CoA beta-oxidation system. 2 h after the administration of aminotriazole, peroxisomes were prepared from rat liver, and the activities of catalase, the beta-oxidation system and individual enzymes of beta-oxidation (fatty acyl-CoA oxidase, crotonase, beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase and thiolase) were determined. Catalase activity was decreased to about 2% of the control. Among the individual enzymes of the beta-oxidation system, thiolase activity was decreased to 67%, but the activities of fatty acyl-CoA oxidase, crotonase and beta-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase were almost unchanged. The activity of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation system was assayed by measuring palmitoyl-CoA-dependent NADH formation, and the activity of the purified peroxisome preparation was found to be almost unaffected by the administration of aminotriazole. The activity of the system in the aminotriazole-treated preparation was, however, significantly decreased to 55% by addition of 0.1 mM H2O2 to the incubation mixture. Hydrogen peroxide (0.1 mM) reduced the thiolase activity of the aminotriazole-treated peroxisomes to approx. 40%, but did not affect the other activities of the system. Thiolase activity of the control preparation was decreased to 70% by addition of hydrogen peroxide (0.1 mM). The half-life of 0.1 mM H2O2 added to the thiolase assay mixture was 2.8 min in the case of aminotriazole-treated peroxisomes, and 4 s in control peroxisomes. The ultraviolet spectrum of acetoacetyl-CoA (substrate of thiolase) was clearly changed by addition of 0.1 mM H2O2 to the thiolase assay mixture without the enzyme preparation; the absorption bands at around 233 nm (possibly due to the thioester bond of acetoacetyl-CoA) and at around 303 nm (due to formation of the enolate ion) were both significantly decreased. These results suggest that H2O2 accumulated in peroxisomes after aminotriazole treatment may modify both thiolase and its substrate, and consequently suppress the fatty acyl-CoA beta-oxidation. Therefore, catalase may protect thiolase and its substrate, 3-ketoacyl-CoA, by removing H2O2, which is abundantly produced during peroxisomal enzyme reactions.

3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1987

Structure and formation of a stable histidine-based trifunctional cross-link in skin collagen.

A stable nonreducible trifunctional cross-linking amino acid has been isolated from mature bovine skin collagen fibrils. Previous cross-link peptide isolations and amino acid analyses indicate the compound has properties identical with those of hydroxyaldolhistidine. Its newly proposed structure was verified using fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry, and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. The data indicated that the cross-link consists of the prosthetic groups from one residue each of histidine, hydroxylysine, and lysine. The 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance data indicated that imidazole C-2 of histidine is linked to C-6 of norleucine (epsilon-deaminated lysine residue) which in turn is linked to the C-6 amino group of hydroxylysine. Based on the trivial names for other cross-linking residues found in collagen and elastin it was given the name histidinohydroxylysinonorleucine. In vitro incubation studies for up to 24 weeks, in aqueous solution at physiological pH and ionic strength, using 6-month-old bovine embryo skin demonstrated a one-to-one stoichiometric relationship between the disappearance of the labile reducible bifunctional cross-link dehydrohydroxylysinonorleucine and the appearance of histidinohydroxylsinonorleucine. These results can partially explain the previously observed disappearance of dehydrohydroxylysinonorleucine with chronological age.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1987

A computer simulation program to facilitate budgeting and staffing decisions in an intensive care unit.

ICUs have unique problems in choosing their best staffing levels for direct patient care because each unit's total patient needs per shift, quantitated in acuity points, vary widely. We devised a computer program to simulate our 12-bed medical/cardiac ICU workload and staffing system. Nursing staffing policies, costs, and availabilities, and a table of past patient acuities per shift were input; total overstaffing, understaffing, and cost per year for full-time nursing equivalents (FTEs) for direct patient care were output for different staffing levels. Using the model, we considered financial concerns, quality of care issues, and staff working preferences and determined that our best staffing level would be based on 5.5 direct FTEs per shift. The stimulation analysis is straightforward, flexible, adaptable, and easy to update and use.

Budgets↗
PubMed1987

Upper respiratory tract infections increase self-rated hostility and distress.

The authors administered a personality inventory, the Eysenck Personality Inventory and a distress scale, the Symptom Questionnaire, to all patients in a walk-in clinic of a general hospital during an influenza epidemic. Hostility, depression, anxiety and somatic symptoms were significantly higher in patients with upper respiratory tract infections (p less than .005); the majority scored in the range of psychiatric patients, regardless of whether patients had clinically classical influenza or merely symptoms and signs of another respiratory tract infection. There were no differences in the personality traits of extraversion or neuroticism between any of the groups, suggesting that hostility and distress were consequences of the viral infections and were largely unaffected by preexisting personality traits.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Nifedipine GITS and hydrochlorothiazide in essential hypertension.

Twenty-nine subjects with mild to moderate essential hypertension completed this 13 week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study comparing the antihypertensive effects of nifedipine GITS (N) (30-60 mg/day), hydrochlorothiazide (H) (25-50 mg/day) and placebo (P). Nifedipine GITS is a new formulation designed for once daily administration. N lowered blood pressure 15/10 mmHg (p less than 0.0005/p less than 0.0001), H 15/8 mmHg (p less than 0.0005/p 0.05), and P 4/0 mmHg (p = NS). All patients required the larger dose of active drug to control BP. No drug affected the heart rate. For N, but not H, there was a positive correlation between age and the magnitude in reduction of SBP (r = 0.79; p less than 0.005), but not for DPB. N drug levels did not correlate with its antihypertensive effect. Epinephrine, norepinephrine, aldosterone, and plasma renin activity were not affected by N. No patients on N experienced immediate vasodilator side effects. N is a well tolerated and effective antihypertensive drug that can be given once daily. It does not cause reflex stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Free peroneal flap coverage of the great toe defect resulting from a wrap-around flap transfer.

In thumb reconstruction, the wrap-around free flap from the great toe with distal terminal phalanx attached gives a better replica of a thumb esthetically and functionally and has many advantages. However, there are problems in the great toe, such as delayed wound healing, pain caused by long-time walking, ulceration, and skin erosion. We closed the skin defect of the great toe with a free peroneal flap in seven cases. In all cases of both the wrap-around flap and peroneal flap complete healing was obtained after the operation without trouble. The donor great toe causes no significant morbidity.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The suppressive effect of gammaglobulin preparations on in vitro pokeweed mitogen-induced immunoglobulin production.

The effect of the supplementation with several gammaglobulin (GG) preparations on the in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from normal subjects stimulated with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was studied. Among the GG preparations used in this study, immune serum globulin (ISG) demonstrated the most suppressive effect, and S-sulfonation and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-treated preparations also had a suppressive effect. However, the preparation of pepsin degradation had no suppressive effect. And because IgG F(ab')2 fragments also failed to induce the suppressive effect, it was considered to be triggered by the attachment of the Fc portion of GG to the corresponding membrane receptor. To determine the cellular targets, PBMC were fractionated into E-rosetting cells (T cells) and non E-rosetting cells (B cells). The suppressive effect was induced by pre-incubation of either T cells or B cells with the GG preparations for 1 h, at 37 degrees C in PWM-induced immunoglobulin (Ig) production. The failure of T cells pretreated with OKT8 monoclonal antibody and complement to induce the suppressive effect suggested that T8 positive T cells are one of the effector cells involved. The activation step of the suppressive effect was prostaglandin E2-independent, and as effector cells contain an Fc receptor which is sensitive to pronase, it was suggested that monocytes were not involved in this activation process. Our observations further suggested that the Ig effects of GG therapy are not limited to antibody transfer, since GG preparations also suppress directly the differentiation of B cells and induce suppressor T cells in in vitro immunoglobulin production stimulated with PWM.

Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic↗
PubMed1986

[Effects of the intravenous injection of an ionic contrast medium on the circulating plasma volume: an assessment with plasma colloid oncotic pressure].

UNLABELLED: We investigated effects of intravenous injection of ionic contrast medium (ICM) on circulating plasma volume (CPV) by measurements of changes in plasma colloid oncotic pressure (COP). METHOD: ICM (60% meglumine iothalamate 30 ml) was injected intravenously as a bolus into 7 healthy male volunteers. The venous blood samples were drawn before, and 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 minutes after the injection. Relatively massive doses of the ICM (150-180 ml) were infused intravenously into 6 male cardiac patients with normal cardiac and renal function during ECG gated cardiac X-ray computed tomography. The blood samples were drawn before, soon after and an hour after the infusion. The plasma COP values of the blood samples were measured with a needle-type osmometer and the sequences of CPV were estimated from the changes of COP values. RESULTS: The bolus injection of the ICM increased the CPV by 10%, 8-9 ml of the CPV per 1 ml of the ICM, and the increase continued during the study (at least for 10 minutes). The massive infusion of the ICM resulted in about 20% increase of the CVP soon after the infusion, and then induced a diuletic effect. The CVP returned to the basal level in one hour, but some patients became rather dehydrated. CONCLUSION: These findings suggested that an intravenous injection of ICM produced considerable expansion of CPV and subsequent dehydration. Careful considerations would be necessary when patients with impaired cardiac or renal function are treated with intravenous ICM during X-ray computed tomography or digital subtraction angiography.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Palm temperature monitoring during exercise in patients with heart disease.

The quantitative use of palm temperature changes during a fixed-load treadmill exercise was evaluated in normal subjects and patients with various degrees of cardiac disability. Treadmill exercise revealed different temperature patterns between subject groups. Normal subjects showed an initial transient decrease to a plateau phase, followed by a prompt return to the control level after cessation of exercise. Cardiac patients with severe disabilities showed a progressive decrease during and even after exercise, and the return to the control level was delayed. Patients with less severe cardiac disabilities showed an intermediate pattern. A significant correlation was observed between the temperature pattern and the plasma catecholamine concentration. The simultaneous measurement of forearm and hand blood flow, and palm temperature during a supine ergometer exercise showed that the temperature change reflected the blood flow changes. In conclusion, palm temperature monitoring during treadmill exercise is a simple and useful method for assessment of the vasoconstrictor response to exercise and, therefore, the pattern of temperature changes indicates indirectly the exercise capacity in heart disease.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1984

[The effect of gammaglobulin preparations on in vitro immunoglobulin production induced by pokeweed mitogen].

It has been recognized in the experiments of animals, that high dose of administration of IgG suppresses the immunoglobulin production in vitro, because of masking of antigen determinants. The study evaluated the effect of several gammaglobulin preparations on in vitro immunoglobulin production induced by pokeweed mitogen. And the effect of these preparations was estimated by following system. Mononuclear cells (5 X 10(5)/ml) were incubated (37 degrees C, 5% CO2) in the presence of gammaglobulin preparations (0.01 mg/ml-1.0 mg/ml). On the sixth day of culture, the cells were spun down, washed three times, resuspended in MEM without L-4,5 [3H]-leucine. After 24 hours, supernatants were harvested, and the concentration of immunoglobulin produced by mononuclear cells was analyzed by solid-phase RIA. And the results which have been obtained as follows. PWM induced immunoglobulin production (IgG) was analyzed in the presence of immunoglobulin preparations. Among these preparations, the suppressive effect of ISG was most significant, and the effect was dose dependent. S-sulfonated and PEG-treated preparations also suppressed the IgG production, but not so strong as ISG. In the suppressive effect between S-sulfonation and PEG treatment, no significant difference was found. Pepsin treated preparation had no suppressive effect. Not only IgG production, but also IgA, IgM production were suppressed by the co-culture of ISG, S-sulfonated, and PEG treated IgG. ISG inhibits directly the differentiation of B cells, and also induces the activation of suppressor T cells. ISG was considered to suppress immunoglobulin production in vitro by these both pathways. The suppressor T cells, which are induced by ISG, are radiation resistant, hydrocortisone resistant and same population with OKT 8 positive cells.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed1984

Differences between right and left arm blood pressures in the elderly.

Recommendations vary on whether blood pressures should be measured in the right or in the left arm because no frequency distributions for a pressure difference between the arms exist. We took a total of 12 blood pressure determinations in both arms of 174 elderly persons and analyzed the data by a least-squares components of variance method. The mean difference between the arms (right minus left) was 0.93 mm of mercury for systole and 0.70 mm of mercury for diastole. For systole the proportion of persons having arm pressure differences exceeding 10 mm of mercury is 1.4% and that exceeding 7.5 mm of mercury is 6.5%. For most people, the pressure difference between the arms is small.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome and dopaminergic blockade.

After receiving 90 mg of haloperidol and 100 mg of chlorpromazine hydrochloride within 25 hours, a 29-year-old man was found to have neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), characterized by the acute onset of hyperpyrexia, extreme muscular rigidity, autonomic instability, and coma. Subsequently, rhabdomyolysis developed, with myoglobinuric renal failure and bilateral anterior tibial compartment syndromes. The patient's initial neuroleptic levels were in the therapeutic and nontoxic ranges. He was treated with supportive measures and his clinical improvement was paralleled by decreased neuroleptic levels, a return toward normal of an elevated prolactin level, and an increased responsiveness to a dopamine hydrochloride infusion. This supports an association between NMS and dopamine receptor blockade.

Adult↗