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F Hussain

Publications and source records attributed to F Hussain.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Observation of a half step magnetization in the {Cu3}-type triangular spin ring.

We report pulsed field magnetization and ESR experiments on a {Cu3} nanomagnet, where antiferromagnetically coupled Cu(2+) (S = 1/2) ions form a slightly distorted triangle. The remarkable feature is the observation of a half step magnetization, hysteresis loops, and an asymmetric magnetization between a positive and a negative field in a fast sweeping external field. This is attributed to an adiabatic change of magnetization. The energy levels determined by ESR unveil that the different mixing nature of a spin chirality of a total S = 1/2 Kramers doublet by virtue of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions is decisive for inducing half step magnetization.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Recent updates of management of endometrial carcinoma.

Endometrial carcinoma is a low grade curable malignancy and most patients present with early disease with excellent survival. Of all female pelvic malignancies, it seems to have more advocates for different treatment plans than any other. Total extrafascial hysterectomy and bilateral salphingo-oophorectomy is the primary operative procedure. Pelvic lymhadenectomy is performed in most centres on therapeutic and prognostic grounds and to individualize adjuvant treatment. Postoperative irradiation are used to reduce pelvic and vaginal recurrences in high risk cases. Treatment planning are conservative in order to reduce patients morbidity and overtreatment while maintaining acceptable recurrence and survival rates.

Chemotherapy, Adjuvant↗
PubMed2004

Survival data and prognostic factors seen in Pakistani patients with esophageal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Esophageal cancer is common in Pakistan. An attempt has been made for the first time to look at the survival data and prognostic factors associated with esophageal cancer in this region. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We did a retrospective review of 263 cases seen at the Aga Khan University Hospital in Karachi. Data analysis was done using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS: Squamous cell carcinoma was noted in 81% of the cases, whereas adenocarcinoma was the second most common. At the time of diagnosis, early-stage disease was found in 25%, locally advanced in 41% and metastatic in 34% of all cases. Mean age at diagnosis was 56 years, with 59% males and 41% females. Survival data were available in 89 cases. Median survival was 7 months. On univariate analysis, the following factors were of prognostic significance: obstruction, histology, albumin level at diagnosis, age and platelet count. On multivariate analysis, three factors were found prognostic: presence or absence of obstruction, squamous cell carcinoma versus adenocarcinoma and platelet count. CONCLUSIONS: We found that patients with squamous cell carcinoma and absence of thrombocytopenia and obstruction had a better overall survival. However, this is a limited retrospective analysis; we therefore recommend that these prognostic factors be evaluated in larger studies.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2002

The nature and outcome of infection in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Infection remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To describe the nature and outcomes of infection and determine their associated risk factors in patients with SLE, we performed a nested case-control study at the University of Toronto Lupus Clinic, with prospective follow-up according to a standard protocol since 1970. Cases were SLE patients seen between January 1987 and January 1992 who had documented infections and controls were patients without infection from the same cohort matched for age, gender and time of visit. The type, site and outcome of infection were recorded for each case. A conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to compare factors associated with infection in cases and their controls. Ninety-three patients had 148 infection episodes; the majority were bacterial, but viral, fungal and protozoan organisms were also identified (multiple organisms in seven). Forty-eight patients required hospital admission and three patients died. Steroids at time of infection, as well as use ever, duration and dose, immunosuppressives at time of infection and use ever, active renal disease, CNS damage, SLEDAI at the time of infection, adjusted mean SLEDAI and variability measure were significantly associated with infection by univariate analysis. By multivariate analysis one factor remained statistically significant: use of steroids ever (P = 0.029). Infection carries a large burden for SLE patients. Until new medications which will control disease activity without predisposing to infection are developed, careful titration of steroids and cytotoxic drugs to control disease activity will remain crucial.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2002

Verbal autopsy for maternal death.

This cross sectional study was done in Gopalganj district from September 1997 to August 1998. To ascertain the magnitude and causes of maternal deaths and perinatal and neonatal outcome of the babies. Two hundred five in maternal deaths occurring from 1994 to 1997 were investigated by verbal autopsy. Teenager mothers had more deaths in first pregnancy. Maternal deaths increased with gravidity above 30 years. Haemorrhage and eclampsia were common causes of death. Eclampsia was prominent in primigravids <20 years while haemorrhage occurred more in multigravidas between 25-35 years of age (P = 0.029 for age, P = <0.001 for gravidity). Nearly 64% of maternal deaths occurred in postpartum period. Among live births, 45.6% babies died before their first birth day. The findings support the need of increasing the age of marriage and first childbirth, through strengthened family planning programme and ensuring skilled birth attendance during delivery. It also stresses need for communication on danger signs of pregnancy and childbirth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Onset of convection near a point source of heat and gravity.

A paradoxical symmetry breaking--development of a unidirectional flow via thermal instability--is predicted by an analytical solution for compressible convection near a point source of both heat and gravity. Such a flow can propel a cosmic hot body (e.g., a protostar) in a molecular cloud. This convection emerges at the critical Rayleigh number Ra = l(l+1) [2l(l+1)+1+3 mu(V)/2]gamma/(gamma-1), where l is the number of flow cells, mu(V) is the second-to-first viscosity ratio, and gamma is the specific heat ratio.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Sustained atrial arrhythmias in adults late after repair of tetralogy of fallot.

We determined the prevalence of sustained atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT) in adults late after repair of tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) and examined its impact on subsequent heart failure, reoperation, and mortality. Ventricular arrhythmias are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with repair of ToF. The clinical impact of AT in this population has not been established. A retrospective cohort study of 242 patients with repaired ToF identified 29 patients (prevalence of 12%) with sustained episodes of AT. Patients with repaired ToF but without sustained arrhythmia (n = 213) constituted a comparison group. Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes in the 2 groups were compared. An echocardiographic analysis compared 15 patients with AT and 15 matched for age at operation and timing of echocardiography. The development of AT was associated with substantial morbidity including congestive heart failure, reoperation, subsequent ventricular tachycardia, stroke, and death (combined events, 20 of 29 patients [69%]). The rate of combined events (congestive heart failure, stroke, and deaths) in the 213 "arrhythmia-free" patients was 30% (64 of 213 patients). Event-free survival after repair was 18 +/- 2 years for the AT group and 28 +/- 1 years for the arrhythmia-free group (p < 0.001). Patients with AT were older at surgical repair (25 +/- 16 vs 10 +/- 9 years, p = 0.001), and at most recent assessment were aged 48 +/- 12 vs 32 +/- 10 years (p = 0.001). The AT group had a higher mean right atrial volume and proportion of significant pulmonary regurgitation than matched controls. The development of AT in the adult late after ToF repair identifies patients at risk and is associated with older age at repair, a higher frequency of hemodynamic abnormalities, and increased morbidity.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Fatal rhabdomyolysis caused by lipid-lowering therapy.

Treatment of hypercholesterolemia has been shown to reduce mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. Patients with severe lipid abnormalities may require high-dose statin therapy, at times used in combination with additional agents. We report a case of fatal rhabdomyolysis caused by the combination of simvastatin and gemfibrozil. Clinicians should be aware of risk factors for rhabdomyolysis, which include underlying renal insufficiency, high-dose statin therapy, and combination therapy with a fibrate.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Differential recognition of snake venom proteins expressing specific Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence motifs by wild-type and variant integrin alphaIIbbeta3: further evidence for distinct sites of RGD ligand recognition exhibiting negative allostery.

Several studies have demonstrated that the amino acid residues flanking the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence of high-affinity ligands modulate their specificity of interaction with integrin complexes. Because of the absence of structural data for integrin complexes with bound ligand, the molecular basis for this specificity modulation remains obscure. In a previous paper [Rahman, Lu, Kakkar and Authi (1995) Biochem. J. 312, 223-232] we demonstrated that two genetically distinct venom-derived RGD proteins, kistrin and dendroaspin (both containing the sequence PRGDMP), were simple competitors, indicating the recognition of an identical binding site on the alpha(IIb)beta(3) complex. Furthermore, both kistrin and dendroaspin inhibited the binding of the disintegrin elegantin (containing the sequence ARGDNP) via a non-competitive mechanism, suggesting that the binding of elegantin to the alpha(IIb)beta(3) complex was at a remote site and down-regulated via an allosteric mechanism. Here we present further evidence for distinct RGD ligand recognition sites on the alpha(IIb)beta(3) complex that exhibit a negative allosteric relationship. A panel of well-characterized recombinant dendroaspin and elegantin derivatives were employed for this study. These recombinant molecules were constructed as glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins with either an Ala or Pro residue N-terminal to the RGD sequence in combination with either a Met or an Asn residue immediately C-terminal. Equilibrium competition experiments showed that elegantin binding to ADP-treated platelets was inhibited by derivatives Eleg. AM (ARGDMP) and Eleg. PM (PRGDMP) via an allosteric competitive mechanism, providing direct evidence that modulation of the RGD motif can alter competitive behaviour. In addition, recombinant kistrin and dendroaspin both inhibited elegantin binding via a non-competitive mechanism, confirming our previous observations. Further evidence for distinct binding sites employing an independent approach was obtained by analysing the binding of the panel of venom proteins to the functionally defective heterodimer alpha(IIb)beta(3) Ser(123)-->Ala expressed on Chinese hamster ovary cells. These studies demonstrated that simple competitors kistrin and dendroaspin bound with high affinity to the variant integrin complex. In contrast, the binding of elegantin and most significantly, recombinant Dendro. PN (PRGDNP) and Dendro. AN (ARGDNP) were abolished. These observations, taken together, are consistent with a model depicting the presence of distinct sites of RGD ligand recognition on the alpha(IIb)beta(3) complex that show the preferential recognition of specific RGD motifs. Competition experiments demonstrate a negative allosteric relationship between these RGD recognition sites.

Alanine↗
PubMed2000

One year survey of maternal mortality associated with eclampsia in Dhaka Medical College Hospital.

Data was collected prospectively from 763 eclamptic patients hospitalised at Dhaka Medical College Hospital. Comparisons were made between the patients that died and survivors based on determinants already known to be important. The cause of death was taken from the clinical history. The 'Case fatality rate' was 14.7%. The principle mortality risk factors were age, parity, number of convulsions and time between onset of convulsions and admission to hospital. Less than 10% in both groups had received antenatal care. The hospital mortality rate was significantly higher than that found in the Collaborative Eclampsia Study. Urgent interventions are required to increase public awareness of the need for antenatal care, to raise the level of understanding and improve attitudes and practice in relation to eclampsia.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Lymphoscintigraphy in staging and management of breast cancer.

Internal mammary lymphoscintigraphy (IML) is a simple non-invasive and reproducible technique to determine the extent of the parasternal node invasion in patients suffering from breast cancer. A total forty four patients--37 before surgery or any sort of treatment and seven patients after having undergone surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy were included in this study to assess the potential role of lymphoscintigraphy in the context of the present 'state of the art' of staging and management of breast cancer patients in Bangladesh. The scintigraphic test was done using Technetium 99m (Tc-99m) Antimony sulfide colloid in a dose of 500 microCi injected interstitially into the sub-costal space. Images were obtained after two to three hours on a Gamma Camera and the study findings were then interpreted as normal, abnormal and equivocal. The scintigraphic images obtained in patients who had undergone surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy were difficult and more challenging to interpret than those images obtained from patients before surgery or other therapy. This was evidenced by the high number (71%) equivocal cases of IML findings in patients after treatment as compared to only 22% equivocal cases in patients studied before surgery or other therapy. Parasternal lymph node involvement was found to occur regardless of the site or size of the primary tumour. Thirty three percent of tumours located in the outer quadrant showed abnormal nodes on IML. When the size was considered, IML was found abnormal in 22.20% patients with tumour size less than 2 cm in diameter. Correlation of IML with clinically palpable lymph nodes showed abnormal scan findings in 18% patients without clinically demonstrable axillary lymph nodes. These findings are in agreement with previously published data and suggests that conventionally classified stage I patients may in effect be in stage II or even in stage III of the disease. In conclusion, when the technique of lymphoscintigraphy is done with a comprehensive overview of the patient, and when the interstitial injection site is correct, it will generally lead to a logical and clinically useful interpretation of the data for more efficient management of the patient with breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Pulmonary metastases in recurrent cervical carcinoma--a report of four cases and review of issues specific to the treatment.

Postoperative extrapelvic distant metastasis of cervical carcinomas are usually difficult to diagnose and to treat, and their prognoses are rather poor. We present 4 cases of recurrent cervical carcinomas metastatic to the lung. The prognostic factors and effective therapeutic modalities were elucidated. In addition, the literature on postoperative pulmonary metastasis of uterine cervical carcinomas was reviewed and discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Early onset of breast carcinoma in African American women with poor prognostic factors.

The purpose of this study was to determine prognostic significance of age and race as independent variables and to see role of age at the onset of breast carcinoma. A retrospective study was conducted of African American and white women with breast cancer treated at SUNY-Health Science Center Brooklyn and Kings County Hospital Center from 1983 to 1993. The objective was to analyze the differences in patterns of disease onset, as related to age and prognostic factors. A total of 738 patients were analyzed for race-adjusted comparison of stage, grade, disease-free survival, and median survival. Age at the time of diagnosis was analyzed to conduct age-specific comparisons of African American (AA) and white patients. The multivariate analysis indicated that AA women develop breast cancer 10 years earlier than white women (p = 0.00001). Corrected by stage and grade, i.e., chi2 test for stage-by-stage and grade-by-grade analysis has revealed that the AA women present with higher stage (p = 0.009), increased number of positive nodes (p = 0.00007), and more estrogen receptor/ progesterone receptor-negative tumors (p = 0.005). Further studies are required to probe into the etiologic possibilities of this significant difference. The important contributing factors could be hormonal, genetic, environmental, and socioeconomic. Obesity and dietary factors also need to be evaluated. Further studies to explore genetic susceptibility by ploidy is recommended to explain this significant difference. We conclude that the onset of breast cancer among AA women occurs at a significantly younger age than in white women, and their prognostic factors are poorer.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Postprandial glucose response to mango, banana and sapota.

OBJECTIVE: Mango and Sapota are two fruits indigenous to Indian subcontinent. The objective of this study was to evaluate postprandial blood glucose response to mango and sapota in comparison to banana in patients with diabetes mellitus Type 2. METHOD: The plasma glucose response to mango, sapota and banana were determined in ten diabetic patients. Blood was tested at 0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes following the ingestion of test meal. RESULTS: The results showed that the blood glucose response to these three fruits was not different in terms of area under the curve and postprandial change in blood glucose from baseline. CONCLUSION: We conclude that glucose response to mango and sapota (fruits indigenous to Indian subcontinent) is no different from banana.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1997

Modular bifurcation endoprosthesis for treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms.

OBJECTIVE: The authors analyzed a single group's experience treating abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) with a new self-expanding, modular, bifurcated device. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Successful exclusion of AAAs by prototype devices has led to several controlled clinical trials evaluating prostheses designed and manufactured specifically for this application. METHODS: Sixteen patients (15 males, 1 female) of American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 2 through 4 and average age of 72 years had AAAs (average 57-mm diameter) treated as part of a phase I Food and Drug Administration-approved trial. RESULTS: All patients were treated successfully with no surgical conversions. No endoleaks or aneurysm enlargement was noted either predischarge by contrast computed tomography or on follow-up at 1 month by duplex ultrasound examination. At 6 months, 12 of 13 patients who were observed for this interval had no endoleaks, whereas one patient (patient 3) showed a small area of extravasation that appeared to arise from the device in an area that was traumatized at the time of deployment. One procedure-related mortality (6%) occurred in a patient who died of septic complications secondary to a gangrenous gallbladder diagnosed 1 day after the procedure. There were no device-related mortalities. Complications included two iliac artery dissections, two groin wound infections, and two transient elevations of serum creatinine. Other significant variables including median procedure length (5 hours), intensive care unit stay (1 day), hospitalization postprocedure (4.5 days), and blood loss (1100 mL) all decreased as the study progressed. Blood replacement in all but three patients was accomplished by autotransfusion or banked-autologous blood replacement. At 6-month follow-up in 13 patients, the maximum diameter of the aneurysm decreased by an average of 5.6 mm (range, 0-15 mm), and the maximal cross-sectional area decreased an average of 20.3% (range, 0-72%). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that endovascular prosthesis exclusion of AAAs using a self-expanding modular device may be effective in many patients who are otherwise surgical candidates for repair if further clinical studies confirm these observations.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Age and race as prognostic factors in endometrial carcinoma.

This research was undertaken to evaluate the effects of age and race on prognosis of patients with endometrial carcinoma. A total of 279 patients with endometrial carcinoma treated at State University of New York-Health Science Center and Kings County Hospital Brooklyn, New York from 1975 to 1990 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were arbitrarily divided into young and old groups (< or = 60 years or > 60 years old, respectively). The distribution of grade, clinical stage, and extent of myometrial invasion by age was determined for the entire group and for black and white patients, respectively. Young and old patients were stratified by clinical stage, grade, and extent of myometrial invasion. The corrected median survival of young and old patients by race was evaluated by Kaplan Meier's method of analysis. Older patients in general had higher clinical stage, higher grade, and greater depth of myometrial invasion than younger patients. Also, black patients had higher clinical stage, higher grade, and greater depth of myometrial invasion than white patients. Older black patients had the least favorable distribution of prognostic factors. Overall younger patients had a median survival of 200 months compared to 90 months for older patients (p = 0.0085). The overall corrected median survival for whites was 232 months compared to 108 months for blacks (p = 0.0001). The median survival of older black patients was worst at 40 months, compared to 155 months for older white patients (p = 0.0005). Age is a very important prognostic factor in endometrial carcinoma for both blacks and whites, and it appears to be more pronounced in older black patients.

Adult↗