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Biomedical subjects

F J Brahme

Publications and source records attributed to F J Brahme.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Paramagnetic enhancement of cerebral lesions with gadolinium-DTPA.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 30 patients with cerebral symptoms before and after intravenous gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA) administration. T1 and T2 weighted images were obtained in all patients. Fifty abnormalities were found in 27 patients. The post-contrast images revealed lesions not seen on pre-contrast scans in 6 patients. Also, the post-contrast images showed a change in morphology of the lesions in 15 that provided additional information for assessing the abnormality. The Gd-DTPA did not obscure any of the lesions seen on pre-contrast scans. Gd-DTPA improves conspicuity, helps characterize and delineate the extent of lesions and increases the sensitivity for detection of cerebral abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Management of carotid artery transection resulting from a stab wound to the ear.

Emergency treatment of penetrating injury to the internal carotid artery at the skull base and within the temporal bone is difficult due to problems of exposure and control of this vessel. A successful method of management of a patient whose carotid artery was completely transected by a stab wound to the ear is presented. This involved gaining proximal vascular control in the neck and distal control intracranially. Indications for extracranial-intracranial vascular bypass procedures are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

In vitro magnetic relaxation times of the ischemic and reperfused rabbit kidney: concise communication.

To assess the effects of renal ischemia and reperfusion on in vitro magnetic relaxation times (T1 = magnetization recovery, T2 = spin echo), we evaluated the spectroscopic characteristics of the renal cortex from 25 rabbits. Eight served as controls (Group 1), nine had one renal pedicle ligated for 1 hr (Group 2), and eight (Group 3) were occluded for 1 hr and reperfused for 30 min. For intra-animal comparison purposes, % H2O content, T1 (msec), and T2 (msec) of the ischemic (reperfused) kidney were normalized to the values from the normal kidney within the same animal. Renal ischemia consistently increased water content, which was exaggerated by reperfusion. In association with ischemia, T1 fell, and with reperfusion T1 lengthened. T2 increased with ischemia and declined from the peak ischemic effects with reperfusion.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

CT diagnosis of cerebrovascular disorders--a review.

During the past few years CT has emerged as an unsurpassed diagnostic modality in cerebrovascular disease. CT is of limited value in TIA, but reveals a wide variety of findings in completed infarcts. Ischemic, petechial, and hemorrhagic infarcts can be distinguished. Contrast enhancement, varying with the age of the infarct, is frequent. Also the general density of the infarct varies with time. Differential diagnosis, primarily infarct vs tumor, is made by angiography or by followup CT scans. Saccular aneurysms are directly demonstrable by CT if larger than 0.5 cm in diameter. Sequelae of ruptured aneurysm--hematoma, hydrocephalus, ischemia--are consistently visible. This generally also applies to arteriovenous malformations. Angiography is necessary to clarify anatomical details of aneurysms and vascular malformations, and is often indispensable for differential diagnosis.

Arteriovenous Malformations↗
PubMed1977

Angiographic aspects of experimental nonocclusive intestinal ischemic injury.

An experiment was designed to fulfill the following aims: (1) to develop a model of nonocclusive intestinal ischemic injury compatible with survival for several days; (2) to determine the accuracy of angiography in diagnosing the presence and extent of intestinal ischemic injury; and (3) to determine the therapeutic and diagnostic value of intraarterial papaverine infusion. Experimental shock models were developed in the dog, and efficacy of the hypovolemic and normovolemic models was confirmed by gross and histologic evidence of intestinal injury in surviving dogs. No reliable angiographic signs of intestinal mucosal injury could be elicited. Angiographic abnormalities associated with the experiment were attributable to the shock itself and disappeared with the relief of shock. Infusion of papaverine into the superior mesenteric artery within 2 hr of the onset of shock prevented or ameliorated intestinal injury.

Angiography↗
PubMed1975

Catheter exchange in tortuous vessels during selective cerebral angiography.

Inability to advance double-curved catheters beyond the origin of tortuous arch vessels in a common problem in femorocerebral angiography in the aged or hypertensive patient. The authors describe a simple technique involving the use of an exchange guide wire and straight catheter which has proved to be safe and successful in such circumstances.

Catheterization↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Radiographic evaluation for nasal dysfunction: computed tomography versus plain films.

Sixty-two patients, presenting to the Nasal Dysfunction Clinic at the University of California, San Diego, were radiographically examined with plain sinus x-rays and computed tomographic (CT) scans. The x-rays were evaluated independently, and the reported findings were compared. In maxillary sinuses the CT and plain film observations corresponded poorly with a concordance of 77%. There was a tendency to overread the plain films. In the ethmoid sinuses the lack of concordance between CT scans and plain films was 76%, and a tendency to underread the plain films was noted. In the lower nasal compartment the correspondence between CT and plain film readings was 57%, with a notable tendency to overread the plain films. In the olfactory recess, the CT/plain film concordance was 66%. At our institution, a sinus CT series costs $400; a conventional sinus series costs $102. The CT radiation dose is 5.2 to 6.5 cGY compared with 1.4 cGY for plain films. We conclude that plain films are unreliable and no longer routinely indicated for the evaluation of nasal and paranasal sinus disease. When radiographic evaluation is indicated a limited CT series provides superior information. Exceptions may include children and some cases of sinus disease isolated to a single sinus.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Benefits of Gd-DTPA for MR imaging of intracranial abnormalities.

Forty patients with symptoms of intracranial disease were studied with magnetic resonance before and after intravenous injection of gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA). The T1- and T2-weighted images were obtained in all patients. Ninety brain lesions were found in 36 patients, including primary (20 patients) and metastatic (six) tumors, hemorrhage (one), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (one), cysticercosis (one), infarction (four), and postoperative changes (four). Postcontrast images revealed lesions not seen on precontrast scans in eight (20%) patients. Also, the postcontrast images showed a change in appearance of the lesions in 20 (50%) that provided helpful information for assessing the abnormality in 20 cases (50%). Gadolinium-DTPA did not obscure any of the lesions seen on precontrast scans. It improved conspicuity, helped characterize and delineate the extent of lesions, and increased the sensitivity for detection of cerebral abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CT of intracranial metastases with skull and scalp involvement.

Twenty-eight persons with contiguous intracranial skull, and often extracranial metastatic disease are reported. These lesions comprised 7.6% of a series of 250 consecutive patients with intracranial metastatic disease. Only three of 28 patients had other intracranial lesions and only seven of 28 patients has other skull lesions demonstrable on computed tomography (CT). Carcinoma of the prostate and breast, multiple myeloma, and neuroblastoma are especially likely to appear in this manner. All metastases enhanced. The bone destruction was so pervasive that in 19 of the patients it was obvious at routine CT settings. In the nine other patients, it could be clearly seen only at bone settings (high window and level). The CT demonstration of an enhancing intracranial mass involving the skull and often the scalp is highly suggestive but not diagnostic of a metastatic lesion.

Adolescent↗