Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to F J Krakowiak.
The anatomy and physiology of the velopharyngeal mechanism are complex and not well understood. The pathogenesis and treatment of velopharyngeal incompetence have been discussed, and an illustrative case report of the use of a palatal lift appliance has been presented. Patients with velopharyngeal incompetence should be evaluated by a speech pathologist and the dentist; if indicated, an appropriate dental prosthesis should be used.
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A dentist using local or general anesthetics must be cognizant of the possibility of malignant hyperthermia presenting as a catastrophic emergency. The purpose of this article is to describe the syndrome of malignant hyperthermia, to emphasize its early clinical symptoms, and to outline definitive treatment. Two cases of malignant hyperthermia in pediatric dental patients illustrate the clinical and laboratory features and the appropriate therapy.
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The prevalence of ankylosis of primary molars was found to be 3.7% of the sample subjects. Eighty-two of the 2234 children examined exhibited ankylosis. The prevalence of ankylosis among the black children in the sample was much lower (0.93%) than that of the white children (4.10%). The mandibular first primary molar was ankylosed at an earlier age and more frequently than any other tooth. The frequency of ankylosis of the second primary molar increased in older children. The high incidence of ankylosed primary teeth was seen in children between seven and eleven years of age. Treatment should be based on the evaluation of growth potential jeopardized by the condition. Early extraction and subsequent space management, especially in the younger patient, is recommended.
The purpose of this study was to examine the trends in numbers, demographic characteristics, and treatment history of pediatric dental patients under the care of dental students over the period 1980 through 1994. Data were collected for: exams, sealants, surfaces of amalgam, composite resin surfaces, pulpotomies, stainless steel crowns, and extractions. Correlations were done across the 15-year period to determine significant trends over time. During the 15-year period, the average number of patient visits required for each student to complete the requisite number of patients, declined from 45 appointments to complete 10 patients in 1980, to 35 visits to complete 13 patients in 1994. Over time, the numbers of amalgam surfaces, pulpotomies, extractions and stainless steel crowns decreased significantly, while the number of composite resin surfaces increased (P < 0.05). Based on a previous outcome assessment that indicated declining numbers of procedures performed between 1980 and 1985, the required number of patients treated per student was raised from 10 to 13, beginning with the 1986 class.