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Biomedical subjects

F J Mather

Publications and source records attributed to F J Mather.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Long-term survival and prognostic factors in patients with regional breast cancer (skin, muscle, and/or chest wall attachment).

Between 1948 and 1981, 1230 patients were diagnosed as having regional (skin, muscle, or chest wall attachment) breast cancer, and long-term survival was studied. In all patients, overall survival was 33% at 5 years, 19% at 10 years, and 9% at 20 years. Significant excess mortality due to breast cancer was observed throughout the 20-year follow-up period (P less than 0.002). The risk of breast cancer was highest in the 5-year period following diagnosis, and declined steadily from that time. Additionally, 308 patients diagnosed since 1968 were studied for the effect of prognostic factors. Clinical status of nodes (positive or negative) and presence or absence of peau d'orange were found to be significant prognostic factors in those patients. In those receiving radical surgery, the number of nodes and presence or absence of peau d'orange were found to be of prognostic significance. No effect of race, age, year of diagnosis, site of attachment, type of fixation, ulceration, edema, size of tumor, satellite nodules, or dimpling retraction on breast-cancer-specific survival was observed when the nodal status and peau d'orange were controlled. These data demonstrate that mortality in regional breast cancer is significant and is highly dependent on peau d'orange and nodal status.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1984

Pancreatic immunoreactive somatostatin and diabetes mellitus.

Pancreatic secretions were collected during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography from 15 subjects without pancreatic, biliary, or hepatic diseases, 11 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes, and 11 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes. Pancreatic secretion was stimulated by the intravenous administration of one unit of secretin per kilogram of body weight. Immunoreactive somatostatin (IRS) in the pancreatic juice of the nondiabetic subjects ranged from 43 to 97 pg/ml, in non-insulin-dependent diabetics from 5 to 3872, and in the insulin-dependent diabetics from 0 to 2093. IRS in insulin-dependent diabetics under good plasma glucose control ranged from 0 to 281 pg/ml, compared to those under poor control who ranged from 518 to 2093 pg/ml. These results indicate that IRS in pancreatic juice is higher in poorly controlled insulin-dependent diabetics than in well controlled insulin-dependent diabetics and nondiabetics. Whether these changes in IRS are purely secondary phenomena or play some pathogenetic role in the disturbed metabolism of diabetes remains to be proven. The chromatographic profile of IRS in pancreatic juice on both gel filtration and high-performance liquid chromatography has indicated that these IRS moieties represent somatostatin 14 and somatostatin 28.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Trimethoprim and rifampin in combination for chemoprophylaxis of household contacts of patients with invasive infections due to Haemophilus influenzae type b.

We compared the effectiveness of rifampin-trimethoprim in fixed combination (3.75:1) to rifampin alone in the eradication of Haemophilus influenzae type b carriage among contacts of patients with invasive infection caused by this organism. The study population was composed of 127 index patients and 620 contacts. Twenty-six percent of contacts were colonized. Rifampin-trimethoprim eradicated carriage in 77.6% of contacts (71.1% in contacts less than 5 years, 84.2% in contacts greater than or equal to 5 years) whereas rifampin eradicated carriage in 69.9% of contacts (56.4% in contacts less than 5 years, 81.8% in contacts greater than or equal to 5 years). A single isolate resistant to rifampin and rifampin-trimethoprim was encountered. The eradication rate achieved with this regimen of rifampin-trimethoprim was too low to recommend its routine use. However, a higher dose or longer course might merit clinical trial.

Carrier State↗
PubMed1983

Effect of pregnancy upon malignant melanoma.

Results of this study suggest melanomas diagnosed, initiated or stimulated during pregnancy have worse prognoses than do those of patients not having this history. For those female patients who have had melanomas without a history of the preceding factors, it appears they can become pregnant following the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma without increased hazard. Further biochemical studies on hormone receptors and correlation with the clinical course are needed to clarify the influences of endocrines on malignant melanomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Breast cancer as analyzed by the human tumor stem cell assay.

Patients with primary and recurrent carcinomas of the breast were studied by the human tumor stem cell assay to determine if (1) colonies would form from breast cancer specimens, (2) growth in the culture would equate with aggressiveness of disease, (3) the assay would yield specific information on drug responsiveness, and (4) the assay would yield nonspecific information on drug responsiveness. Colony counts ranged from 0 to 363. There was no significant difference in median colony counts by pathologic stage of disease or site. Among stage IV patients presenting for treatment with primary disease, those with colony counts greater than 10 had a mortality rate of 4.7/1000 person-days; there were no deaths among those with colony counts less than or equal to 10 (P = 0.042). Stage IV patients presenting with recurrent disease showed no association between colony counts and survival (P = 0.53). No significant relationship between colony counts and disease-free intervals was observed among stages I, II, and III patients (P = 0.10). Drug sensitivity in vitro was found in 14% of the cultures with colony counts greater than or equal to 30. The only complete clinical responses in stage IV patients occurred in two patients with 0 colony counts. These data demonstrate that colonies grow from breast cancer specimens, that colony formation in vitro may be related to aggressiveness of growth in vivo in patients presenting with stage IV disease, that drug sensitivity is demonstrated in few cultures, and that patients with metastatic disease who have complete response to systemic therapy may be identified by lack of growth in the culture.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1981

Rifampin chemoprophylaxis for household contacts of patients with invasive infections due to Haemophilus influenzae type b.

To determine the efficacy of rifampin chemoprophylaxis in eradication of oropharyngeal carriage of Haemophilus influenzae type b, we conducted a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial among household contacts of patients hospitalized for invasive HIB infection. Seventy-nine index patients and 400 close contacts were studied; 26.5% of contacts were colonized. The efficacy of rifampin (10 mg/kg/dose, 600 mg/dose maximum, twice daily for two days) in eradicating carriage was 52% and varied with age (75.6% in persons greater than or equal to 5 and 27% in those less than 5 years). Eradication rates in those less than 5 years were not significantly better than for placebo. No resistant isolates were encountered in sensitivity testing. The low efficacy of this rifampin regimen in young children precludes its routine use as a chemoprophylactic agent for family contacts. The occurrence of three cases of invasive HIB infection in individuals outside the defined contact group raises concern regarding the efficacy of any chemoprophylactic regimen.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1980

Experimental murine candidiasis: cell-mediated immunity after cutaneous challenge.

Male CBA/J mice, sensitized by cutaneous inoculation with viable Candida albicans blastospores, were used to study in vivo and in vitro cellular immune responses. Three antigens of C. albicans, viz., a cell wall glycoprotein (GP), a membrane extract (ppt-HEX), and soluble cytoplasmic substances (SCS), were used in vitro in a lymphocyte stimulation assay, whereas the GP and ppt-HEX were used in vivo to detect delayed hypersensitivity by the footpad assay. Delayed hypersensitivity to GP and ppt-HEX was transferred from sensitized donors to naive recipients with peritoneal exudate cells and not with serum. Moreover, the transfer of the reactivity to ppt-HEX was abrogated by the prior treatment of the transfer suspension with anti-theta 1.2 serum and complement. The in vitro lymphocyte response to GP and ppt-HEX correlated qualitatively with the in vivo responses. SCS, a preparation shown to be ineffective in vivo previously, did stimulate lymphocytes from sensitized animals in vitro. The in vitro response to Candida antigens, as well as phytohemagglutinin, was abolished by treatment of the lymphocyte suspension with anti-thymocyte 1.2 serum before assay, whereas anti-immunoglobulin serum had less effect on these responses. The in vivo and in vitro reactivity to the Candida antigens, therefore, was dependent upon viable T-lymphocytes. Preliminary specificity studies were carried out in the lymphocyte stimulation assay, using lymphocytes from mice infected with C. albicans tested against ppt-HEX preparations extracted from two other species of Candida, C. tropicalis and C. guillermondii, and from two other pathogenic yeast forms, Histoplasma capsulatum and Blastomyces dermatitidis. Significant cross-reactivity was observed with C. tropicalis only, a species which is known to be serologically related to C. albicans.

Animals↗
PubMed1970

Nonequilibrium facilitated oxygen transport in hemoglobin solution.

We have used the quasi-linearization method to obtain numerical solutions to the equations which describe steady-state diffusion of oxygen through layers of hemoglobin solution. The numerical solutions show how the facilitated flux of oxygen depends upon the layer thickness, reaction-rate coefficients, and other parameters of the system. The results indicate that steady-state oxygen diffusion in layers of hemoglobin solution, similar to those studied by Scholander, should be adequately described by the models which assume chemical equilibrium exists throughout the layer, but for layers of concentrated hemoglobin solution about the thickness of a human erythrocyte, the facilitation of oxygen diffusion should be much less than the equilibrium models predict.

Biological Transport↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Long term effect of gynecologic age on somatic growth of children.

A sample of New Orleans black primiparous women under 25 years of age, participants in the national collaborative perinatal study, and their singleton children were studied to determine the relationship of maternal gestational age (GeA), gynecologic age (GyA) and size for GeA (S/GeA) on the child's growth over seven years observation. Early childbearers (less than 4 years GyA) had a somewhat higher proportion of preterm births than the late group (greater than or equal to 4 yrs GyA). A repeated measures analysis of variance after correction for maternal prepregnant weight and weight gain, demonstrated the early group remained smaller throughout the seven years in weight, length and head circumference. Preterm infants showed catch up by one year in height and weight in both Early and Late Groups, though the Early Preterm infants failed to catch up with the other groups in head circumference. In this lower socio economic group, the legacy of early childbearing appears to be smaller child body dimensions which are likely permanent.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Does cigarette smoking paradoxically increase survival in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy?. The Washington, D.C., Dilated Cardiomyopathy Study.

Recent studies have suggested that patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) who smoke have an improved prognosis as compared with nonsmokers. We examined this paradoxical finding using data from a population-based study in Washington, D.C. (n = 127). Current smokers were more likely to have a left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 25% or greater as compared with IDCM patients who were past smokers or lifelong nonsmokers (p < or = 0.02). The cumulative survival among current smokers at 12 and 24 months was 88.1 and 81.4%, respectively, as compared with 77.9 and 71.6% among past smokers and 74.0 and 64.3% among patients who had never smoked. In a univariate analysis using the proportional hazards model, lifelong nonsmokers and former smokers were about twice as likely to die as compared with smokers, although the association was not significant (p > 0.10). In multivariable analysis, older age, LVEF, and ventricular arrhythmias - but not cigarette smoking-were found to be statistically significant independent predictors of survival (p < or = 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Myelography with metrizamide: effect of contrast removal on side effects.

Moderately severe side effects, such as prolonged headache, nausea, vomiting, or psychoneurologic symptoms, were noted in 27 (32%) of 84 patients in whom the contrast medium was not removed. Conversely, among 73 patients from whom 20-25 ml of cerebrospinal fluid with the contrast medium was removed, only 10 (14%) experienced adverse effects, a statistically significant reduction. Although new contrast agents, such as iohexol and iopamidol, are reportedly less toxic than metrizamide, the contrast-removal technique described here may be indicated when large amounts of any contrast medium are used.

Contrast Media↗