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Biomedical subjects

F J Winn

Publications and source records attributed to F J Winn.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Carpal tunnel area as a risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome.

Carpal tunnel area was investigated as a risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). It was hypothesized that if canal area is a risk factor for the syndrome, individuals who develop the syndrome should have smaller carpal canal areas than those who remain free of the syndrome. Sixty-one subjects, approximately equally divided by sex, age group, and diagnosis, were examined. A measurement of cross-sectional areas of the carpal canal by computerized axial tomography indicated that individuals diagnosed as carpal tunnel patients had significantly larger carpal canal areas than controls. The results indicate that a small carpal canal area does not appear to be a risk factor for carpal tunnel syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Vibration thresholds as a function of age and diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome: a preliminary report.

To determine if vibration thresholds vary independently with age and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), 61 subjects, including 27 diagnosed with carpal tunnel-induced neuropathy, and 34 non-CTS controls, ranging in age from 20 to 65 years, were tested using the Optacon, a device used to assess vibration thresholds. No statistically significant interaction was found between the age and diagnosis factors. Results did confirm the findings of previous studies that vibration thresholds increased with age and that thresholds were elevated within the CTS group, compared to the controls. These results indicate that age-adjusted norms for vibration threshold data need to be developed. Without age-adjusted norms, screening programs for CTS that rely on vibration threshold data are likely to generate high levels of false positives, particularly for workers over 40 years of age.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

A regression model for carpal tunnel syndrome.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether a logistic regression model for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) could be developed. Forty-eight variables were initially identified, for the 28 CTS and 34 non-CTS subjects, including 28 measures of nerve function, 6 anatomical measurements, 8 variables relating to disease symptoms, and 6 variables relating to physical attributes. An a priori clustering procedure was used to establish groups for the principal components analyses. The first principal component of each cluster was then used in a backward, stepwise logistic regression analysis. The best combination of candidate variables, as identified by the regression equation, was Raynaud's symptoms and median nerve motor function. The results of this study indicate that a model for CTS can be generated from a set of variables and that a linear combination of variables representing nerve function is closely associated with conduction decrements resulting from CTS.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome↗
PubMed1979

Age, sex, and hemisphrere asymmetry differences induced by a concurrent memory processing task.

Subjects in three age groups matched simultaneously presented pairs of visual words or geometric shape stimuli as belonging in a "same" or "different" category. No age effects were observed unless subjects were also required to repeat the sequence of the last three "same-different" responses immediately following each trial. Cerebral asymmetry effects were expected for the word and shape dimensions, but were not observed. Asymmetry effects for the same-different dimensions were noted and allowed inference regarding serial and parallel processing effects. When required to repeat the sequence of past responses following each trial, older males showed an increase in time to make the same judgments. Older females showed increased right vs left visual field processing times when required to repeat the sequence of same-different responses following each trial.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Age differences in verbal mediation: a structural and functional analysis.

Five experiments were conducted to investigate potential structural and functional differences in verbal mediators given by young and elderly adults to CVC material. Experiment 1 found no significant differences in the complexity and flexibility of mediator formation by the two age groups. Experiment 2 replicated these findings using a different sample and task, and different materials. Additionally, this study also indicated a significant rank order correlation for the particular types of mediators used. Experiment 3 indicated that under some situations young subjects may be able to discriminate young from old mediators while Experiment 4 showed that younger subjects had no preference for which mediator would be most helpful to them in a learning task. Experiment 5 found that, in a paired associate learning task, young subjects learned faster the mediators given by other young subjects. The data were discussed in terms of current methodolical practices and in terms of localizing age-related memory deficits in structure or process variables.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Associative symmetry and item availability: evidence for qualitative age differences in acquisition strategies.

The concept of associative symmetry was investigated under three instructional conditions with standard instructional conditions producing associative asymmetry in old subjects and symmetry in young subjects. Analysis of response-stimulus item availability for young and old subjects led to the suggestion that young and old subjects utilize qualitatively different acquisition strategies to process information and that deficits in PA learning in old subjects may begin in the associative learning stage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Age and sex differences in cerebral asymmetry as a function of competition for "time" and "space" in a successive auditory matching task.

Subjects in three age groups identified verbally encoded (VE) and nonverbally encoded (NVE) stimuli as "same" or "different". Matching times increased with age, but differentially for men and women and VE and NVE stimuli. Evidence for asymmetry effects occurred for middle age and older men, but only when a secondary memory task produced competion for "time" and "space" in the left hemisphere.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Learned taste aversion induced by cortical spreading depression.

Male albino rats were cannulated and placed on a 24 hr water deprivation schedule. The animals were allowed 10 min access to water in a large animal cage for 5 days. On the sixth day of deprivation the animals were randomly divided into 6 groups and given either 12 percent KCl, 25 percent KCl, or Ringers solution applied unilaterally or bilaterally to the cortex immediately after access to 8 percent sucrose. On the seventh day of deprivation, each rat was placed in a two-choice situation with the sucrose solution and water. Only the unilateral and bilateral 12 percent KCl groups developed an aversion to the sucrose. These results indicate that CSD has aversive as well as amnesic properties, there exists a gradient of amnesia, dependent on concentration, and that the cortex is not necessary for learning a taste aversion.

Amnesia, Retrograde↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Age, rate and instructional conditions: empirical support against the pacing variable.

The present study was an attempt to determine if the pacing effect was an artifact of the confounding of presentation rate and total learning time. Two presentation rates were factorially varied with three instructional conditions for two different age groups in a paired-associate and free-recall task. The results of the study replicated the pacing effect when learning time was deliberately confounded. When total learning time was equated for the presentation rates the pacing effect was not replicated, demonstrating that pacing is an artifact. It was suggested that the total time principle, not pacing, was the viable explanatory concept. The results of the manipulation of instructional conditions suggest that it is inappropriate to assume that a set of instructions will result in equivalent performance for both young and old samples.

Adolescent↗