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Biomedical subjects

F Jacobs

Publications and source records attributed to F Jacobs.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Sweet syndrome associated with acute myelogenous leukemia. Atypical form simulating facial erysipelas.

A case of Sweet syndrome in a patient with an acute myelomonocytic leukemia is reported. It is an unusual case simulating a facial erysipela. This case illustrates the difficulty in differentiating infection from Sweet syndrome in an immunocompromised patient. The negative cultures, ineffective antibiotics, and histopathologic examination results allowed the onset of corticosteroid therapy. The phagocytic function of the neutrophils studied by chemoluminescence was normal in the patient. The physiopathology of Sweet syndrome is discussed, in particular the role of cytokines in the accumulation of granulocytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Isolation and characterization of abaecin, a major antibacterial response peptide in the honeybee (Apis mellifera).

Honeybee (Apis mellifera) are frequently exposed to and likely to be infected by plant-associated bacteria. We mimicked this process by injecting bees with live bacteria and isolated five induced antibacterial substances by comparative liquid chromatographic mapping of the hemolymph. Three of these antibiotics belong to a unique family of small (18 amino acids) peptides: the apidaecins [Casteels et al. (1989) EMBO J. 8, 2387-2391]. We have now characterized a fourth bee immune response peptide. The complete sequence was established by Edman degradation of the peptide and fragments thereof. It is 34 amino acids long and contains 10 proline residues. The amino-terminal half is related to the apidaecins; similar proline motifs are also present in the amino-terminal quarter of the much longer fly diptericins. The newly identified peptide's broad spectrum, lower specific activities against Gram-negative plant pathogens and its inability to inhibit bacterial growth at medium ionic strength are different from the apidaecins. Moreover, the highest observed specific activity was against an apidaecin-resistant Xanthomonas strain. In contrast to the immediate action of apidaecins, bactericidal activity is delayed. We propose the name 'abaecin' for this new antibacterial response peptide.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Augmented gentamicin ototoxicity induced by vancomycin in guinea pigs.

Vancomycin has been reported to be an ototoxic drug in the clinical literature. At best, this literature is confusing. There are no reports of ototoxicity of vancomycin in experimental animals, even when it is administered concurrently with ethacrynic acid, a drug known to augment the ototoxic effect of most other ototoxic drugs. In most of the cases of permanent ototoxicity that have been reported, the patient was treated with an aminoglycoside antibiotic as well as vancomycin. This study found no evidence of vancomycin ototoxicity in guinea pigs, but found that vancomycin greatly enhanced the ototoxicity of gentamicin.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1990

Penetration of ciprofloxacin into human pleural fluid.

The concentrations of ciprofloxacin (1.5 mg/kg of body weight) in serum and in uninfected pleural exudates were studied after one and three intravenous injections had been given at 8-h intervals. The drug was assayed in serum and in pleural fluid by high-performance liquid chromatography. The peak concentrations in pleural fluid 1.5 h after one and three injections were (mean +/- standard error of the mean) 0.52 +/- 0.09 and 0.77 +/- 0.15 mg/liter, respectively; the corresponding 8-h concentrations were 0.19 +/- 0.05 and 0.39 +/- 0.10 mg/liter. At 1 and 8 h, the ratios of mean concentrations in pleural fluid to mean concentrations in serum were 112 and 158%, respectively, after one injection and 77 and 122% after three injections. This study suggested that there is a satisfactory pleural penetration of ciprofloxacin after intravenous injection.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Use of somatostatin for complications occurring after liver transplantation.

Somatostatin can be helpful after liver transplantation in some well-defined indications. In uncontrolled digestive haemorrhage, a short course of somatostatin therapy can be of great help in controlling the acute bleeding and to avoid emergency laparotomy. Somatostatin could also be helpful in bilio-pancreato-intestinal fistula, but in this case its advantage over elective surgical treatment remains to be confirmed.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1989

Apidaecins: antibacterial peptides from honeybees.

Although insects lack the basic entities of the vertebrate immune system, such as lymphocytes and immunoglobulins, they have developed alternative defence mechanisms against infections. Different types of peptide factors, exhibiting bactericidal activity, have been detected in some insect species. These humoral factors are induced upon infection. The present report describes the discovery of the apidaecins, isolated from lymph fluid of the honeybee (Apis mellifera). The apidaecins represent a new family of inducible peptide antibiotics with the following basic structure: GNNRP(V/I)YIPQPRPPHPR(L/I). These heat-stable, non-helical peptides are active against a wide range of plant-associated bacteria and some human pathogens, through a bacteriostatic rather than a lytic process. Chemically synthesized apidaecins display the same bactericidal activity as their natural counterparts. While only active antibacterial peptides are detectable in adult honeybee lymph, bee larvae contain considerable amounts of inactive precursor molecules.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1987

Glutamine synthetase genes are regulated by ammonia provided externally or by symbiotic nitrogen fixation.

Glutamine synthetase is the key enzyme in the assimilation by plants of reduced nitrogen provided from either the soil or fixed symbiotically in association with Rhizobium. We have isolated a number of cDNA clones for soybean glutamine synthetase (GS) from a nodule-cDNA library, using RNA from polysomes immunoprecipitated by GS antibodies. Transcripts corresponding to two clones differing in their 3' non-translated sequences were present in both root and nodule tissue; however, the concentration in the nodules was several times higher. The relative concentrations of these sequences in both tissues is about 9:1. Availability of ammonium ions [provided as NH(4)NO(3) or (NH(4))(2)SO(4)] enhanced the expression of both sequences in root tissue within 2 h, reaching a level similar to that in nodules by 8 h, while KNO(3) had no effect during this period. When nitrogen fixation was prevented by replacing nitrogen with argon in the root environment or when the nodules were formed by a Fix mutant of Bradyrhizobium japonicum, the amounts of GS mRNA did not increase over that in roots. These experiments, together with the time course of increase in GS mRNA transcripts, suggest that the genes encoding cytosolic GS are directly induced by the available ammonia.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Radionuclide measurement of normal and disturbed gastric motility.

Techniques for the measurement of gastric emptying using radionuclides are reviewed as a basis for a discussion of gastric emptying tests. A new technique for the noninvasive quantitative measurement of antral motility is described, whereby measurements of redistribution of gastric contents between fundus and antrum and actual gastric emptying are obtained simultaneously. These tests provide more relevant insight into the pathophysiology of gastric motility disturbances than that previously obtained by conventional gastric emptying studies.

Duodenal Ulcer↗
PubMed1978

Otosclerosis.

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Humans↗