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Biomedical subjects

F Janbon

Publications and source records attributed to F Janbon.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Visceral leishmaniasis in HIV-infected patients in the south of France.

Between 1989 and 1993, investigations by classical parasitological procedures of 139 HIV-infected adults living in visceral leishmaniasis (VL) endemic areas showed that 10 of them (7.2%) were positive for Leishmania (by stained smears and culture). In the same period we identified 15 VL cases in patients not infected with HIV. Thus, 40% (10/25) of our VL cases were associated with HIV infection.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1992

Epidemiologic features and clinical presentation of acute Q fever in hospitalized patients: 323 French cases.

PURPOSE: To contribute to the knowledge of epidemiologic and clinical features of patients hospitalized with Q fever in France. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 22,496 sera submitted between 1982 and 1990 to the French National Reference Center for Rickettsial Diseases (NRC). The diagnosis of acute Q fever was based on an IgG titer greater than or equal to 1:200 and an IgM titer greater than or equal to 1:25 against phase II Coxiella burnetii antigen on an indirect immunofluorescence test (IFA). Fifteen cases prior to 1985 were diagnosed on the basis of a complement fixation titer greater than or equal to 1:8. A serosurvey of blood donors from Marseille was also conducted in 1988 on 924 sera, using IFA with a cutoff titer of 1:25. RESULTS: The serosurvey conducted in 1988 showed a seroprevalence of 4.03%, without age or sex prediction. The incidence rate of acute Q fever detection at the NRC was 0.58 per 100,000 inhabitants over the 9-year period. Three hundred twenty-three clinical cases were diagnosed, rising from 1 in 1982 to 107 in 1990. In patients hospitalized for acute Q fever, there was a significantly higher sex ratio of males to females (2.3), which, coupled with the age distribution, indicated that elder males, who are overrepresented due to our recruitment bias, are more susceptible to C. burnetii infections. The mean age of the patients was 45.5 years, while the risk was increased in the 30 to 39 age group as well as in the 60 to 69 age group. Usual epidemiologic risk factors were found in 20.1% of the cases. Hepatitis (61.9%) was a more common clinical presentation in our patients with Q fever than pneumonia (45.8%). This might reflect differences in strains of C. burnetii or the biology of the host. However, French farmers and stock breeders commonly drink unpasteurized raw milk from their cattle, which might indicate a relationship between hepatitis and infection via the digestive tract. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that many cases of acute Q fever are undiagnosed. A greater awareness of the disease and more extensive serologic testing of patients with symptoms compatible with Q fever may improve the situation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

[Electromyographic, histoenzymologic and immunocytochemical aspects of affected muscles in HIV infection. Observations of five cases].

In 5 acquired-immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases without peripheral neuropathy, we observed myogen clinical signs (diffuse amyotrophy of lower limbs or cramps) or an isolated increase in seric enzyme (LDH, CK). EMG abnormalities were observed in all cases: spontaneous activities (fibrillations and positive sharp waves) in 5 cases, myogenic signs in 2 case. Muscular biopsies were normal in 3 cases and showed myopathic changes in 1 case and polymyositis in another case. Antidystrophin and antilaminin antibodies reactions were altered in 1 case. The spontaneous activities together with these modifications could be in favour of a lesion at the membrane level.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

In vitro antibody secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells as an expression of the immune response to Brucella spp. in humans.

We developed an assay to detect antibodies spontaneously secreted in vitro by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) against Brucella spp. High levels of anti-Brucella immunoglobulin G (IgG) and/or IgM and/or IgA antibodies were detected in the cell supernatant solution of PBMC cultures for 12 patients suffering from acute or focalized brucellosis and for 5 patients recently vaccinated against brucellosis. This spontaneous in vitro antibody production disappeared 5 to 20 months after onset of clinical signs and 20 to 27 days after vaccination. The transient character of this anti-Brucella antibody production by PBMC is consistent with a temporary in vivo stimulation of the immune system by Brucella antigens. Detection of this secretion could improve the diagnosis of evolutive brucellosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Treatment and secondary prophylaxis with fluconazole for oropharyngeal candidiasis in HIV-positive patients. A mycological analysis of failures].

This prospective study evaluated the in vitro susceptibility of Candida albicans isolates recovered from the oral cavity of AIDS/ARC patients before and during long-term therapy with fluconazole. Thirty adults (15 with ARC and 15 with AIDS) with a first episode of thrush candidiasis were given oral fluconazole (Triflucan 50 mg; one capsule daily) for at least three months. Fungal susceptibility testing was performed before treatment, after one month, and at last follow-up (range 3.5-12 months; mean 5.7 months). MICs were determined using the agar dilution method with casitone (Difco 259-01) as the test medium at pH 7.2-7.4. There were two initial clinical failures (one with high MICs before and under treatment and one with an intermediate MIC initially and a rise in MIC under fluconazole). Four patients developed a clinical relapse with no change in MICs (which were low or intermediate). In six patients, clinical symptoms resolved but carriage of C. albicans persisted (low MICs). In 18 patients, clinical resolution with eradication of C. albicans was achieved. These data suggest that (1) clinical failures may be associated with in vitro resistance; (2) relapses under fluconazole maintenance therapy may develop in patients with advanced HIV disease despite the lack of change in the susceptibility of strains.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

[Rickettsiaceae infections and fluoroquinolones].

Twenty nine patients with Rickettsiosis (Tick born fever, n: 22, Q fever, n: 7) has been treated with fluoroquinolones. These compounds was used alone n: 25 (Pefloxacin, n: 15; Ofloxacin, n: 10) or associated n: 4 (Pefloxacin + Rifampin). The general efficacy was excellent. Common Tick born fever and pulmonary forms of Q fever was fast cured. Severe Tick born fever (neurologic or polyvisceral forms, n: 5) and Q fever with long term hyperthermia, n: 4 cas always cured without complications but the time necessary to obtain apyrexia was often longer (6 cases).

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

[Ofloxacin (RU 43280). Clinical study].

Thirty-two patients were treated by ofloxacin on bacteriological documented infections. They were Enterobacterias: n = 15 (MIC less than or equal to 0.06 to 0.5 microgram/ml); Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter: n = 1 (MIC 0.5 and 4 micrograms/ml); Staphylococcus: n = 6 (MIC less than or equal to 0.06 to 4 micrograms/ml); Pneumococcus: n = 1; Mycoplasma: n = 1; Chlamydia psittaci: n = 2; Legionella pneumophila: n = 1; Rickettsias: n = 4 (three mediterranean fevers one query fever). Ofloxacin was given orally from 400 to 800 mg per day (5 to 15 mg/kg/day). It was used alone 26 times and on 6 occasions it was associated with rifampin on 6 staphylococcal infections. On 19 cases it was used after failure or intolerance of initial therapy. Thirty times it was the first antibiotic substance used. Results were good mainly: 1) on nine pneumonitis (enterobacterias: 4; Pneumococcus: 1; Mycoplasma: 1; Chlamydia: 2; Legionella: 1) during a mean duration of twenty days; 2) urinary infections (n:7) provoked by E. coli and Enterobacter cloacae (mean duration: 20 days); 3) 4 osteo-articular-infections (mean duration: 77 days); 4) Rickettsial infections (n:4) during a mean duration of 11 days. Results are particularly noteworthy because patients treated had severe infections: 12 bacteremias, 1 endocarditis and 1 purulent meningitis. None severe adverse effect was observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

[Epidemiology, clinical aspects and treatment of nosocomial septicemias].

One hundred one nosocomial septicemias (NS) were studied among 461 cases of septicemias (22%) collected by French Septicemia Expert System Group during 1985. The mean-age of the patients was 58 +/- 23 years while it was 56 +/- 23 years in the 360 community acquired septicemias (CAS). The source of septicemia was found more frequently in NS than in CAS (79/101 versus 223/360; p less than 0.002): mainly urinary tract and intravenous therapy in NS, urinary tract, gastrointestinal and biliary origin in CAS. Invasive procedures (except surgical procedures) were more frequent in NS than in CAS (13/101 vs 14/360; p less than 0.0001). Underlying diseases were more often associated with NS than with CAS (96/101 vs 276/360; p less than 0.0001). Many pathogens were involved in these NS but the frequency of S. aureus meti-S and meti-R, S. epidermidis, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Serratia, Proteus indol + and Pseudomonas carbeni-R was significantly greater in NS than in CAS. There was no significant difference between NS and CAS for septic localizations, respiratory distress syndrome and septic shock. Two antibiotics (and possibly 3 antibiotics for polymicrobial septicemias) were more often used in NS than in CAS (61/101 vs 135/360; p = 0.002). If the duration of hospitalization was not significantly greater in NS than in CAS (26 +/- 29 days vs 23 +/- 33 days), the overall mortality was significantly more important (25.6% vs 14.9%; p less than 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Pefloxacin: clinical experience].

Pefloxacin was given as the single drug (except in one case) to twenty-seven patients with a variety of infections (bone and/or joint: 8; respiratory tract: 6; urinary tract: 5; bacteremia: 4; meninges: 3; other: 1). The following bacteria were isolated: P. aeruginosa: 11; Enterobacteriaceae: 10; Acinetobacter: 3; Staphylococci: 3 (including 2 methicillin-resistant strains), and Streptococcus faecalis: 2. Pefloxacin was given in a daily dosage of 800 mg in 20 patients and 1 200 to 1 600 mg in 7. All pathogens proved susceptible, in varying degrees. 21 patients recovered. Three incomplete results and three failures were observed. No significant side effects were recorded except for development of three mucosal candidiasis and two transient rashes. The authors put special emphasis on the value of pefloxacin in bone and meningeal infections.

Acinetobacter Infections↗
PubMed1983

[Evaluation of the clinical activity of cefotiam (SCE 963). Multicentric study in 7 centers].

Cefotiam (SCE 963), a new, broad-spectrum, third generation cephalosporin was used in the treatment of 136 patients suffering from respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, septicemia, meningitis, biliary tract infections and osteoarthritis infections. Cefotiam was administered in monotherapy to 98 patients at the mean posology of two grams per day (extreme doses: 1 to 6 g). The following clinical effectiveness was noted: 83 successes and 18 failures on 101 available clinical reports. The general, biological tolerance and renal tolerance was good in all patients.

Adolescent↗