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Biomedical subjects

F Kasagi

Publications and source records attributed to F Kasagi.

35 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Relation between cold pressor test and development of hypertension based on 28-year follow-up.

The present study examined the relation between blood pressure reactivity to cold stimulus and the subsequent development of hypertension based on a follow-up study from 1960 through 1988 of 824 normotensive participants (mean age, 35.8 +/- 10.8 years) in the Adult Health Study in Nagasaki, Japan. Hypertension developed in 343 individuals during the 28 years of follow-up, with a mean incidence rate of 24.6 per 10(3) person-years. Confounding variables, including attained age, resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and body mass index at baseline, were adjusted using a Poisson regression model. Systolic response was found to be an independent and significant predictor. The relative risk of hypertension for systolic hyperreactors was 1.37, with a 95% confidence interval of 1.10 to 1.71. Diastolic response was significant only when resting diastolic blood pressure was also considered. The cold pressor test appears to be useful if performed on middle-aged subjects older than 40 years at the time of examination, when hypertension is more prevalent. The current results support the hypothesis that hyperreactivity is a predictor of the development of hypertension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Prognostic value of the cold pressor test for hypertension based on 28-year follow-up.

Several stress tests have been used to predict the development of hypertension. No conclusion, however, has been reached on the effectiveness of these tests as a predictor of hypertension in later years. The present study examines the prognostic values of blood pressure response to cold and resting blood pressure for future hypertension, based on a follow-up study over 28 years of 824 individuals (mean age: 35.8 +/- 10.8 yr) whose resting blood pressure had been normal at baseline. A significant determinant of blood pressure response to cold stimulus was age in these normotensive subjects. A higher response was observed as age increased. There was also a significant seasonal variation in blood pressure response to cold, suggesting the need to standardize a time to perform the cold pressor test. Hypertension has developed in 343 individuals during the 28 years of follow-up, with a mean incidence rate of 24.6 per 10(3) person-years. Both systolic and diastolic responses were significant as a predictor of future hypertension after adjusting for attained age, resting blood pressure, and body mass index at baseline. However, a comparison between resting blood pressure and response to cold indicated that the cold pressor test is not as effective a predictor of hypertension as resting blood pressure. Radiation exposure was not significant either as a background risk or as a possible modifier of the relationship between the blood pressure response and the development of hypertension. The current results suggest that blood pressure response to cold supplements resting blood pressure for predicting hypertension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Screening methods for diabetes mellitus in aged group].

There are many methods of screening for diabetes mellitus, for example, blood glucose test, urine sugar test, hemoglobin A1c, fructosamine etc. For the purpose of more efficient screening of diabetes mellitus in elderly groups, these data were analyzed to evaluate validity and ability to estimate prognosis. 1) Validity for screening based on diabetic type was analyzed in 27,074 cases. For screening with the standard level of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) > or = 120 mg/dl, sensitivity was 70.5%, specificity, 94.5%, predictive value, 89.0%, hemoglobin A1c > or = 6.5%, 62.7%, 91.2%, 81.5%, respectively, and fructosamine > or = 290 mumol/L, 54.1%, 92.3%, 78.1%, respectively. FPG had the highest validity. Comparison of validity between the > or = 65-yr group and the < or = 55-yr group was mode. There was significant difference in specificity but sensitivity and predictive value were lower in the > or = 65-yr group. 2) Mean blood glucose levels (BG) +/- S.D. by time after meal were studied. Fasting BG was 84.8 +/- 9.8 mg/dl, 0.5-1 hr. BG after meal, 100.8 +/- 24.5 mg/dl, and 4.5 hr or more, 84.1 +/- 12.8 mg/dl. Based on this data, standard levels for screening based on diabetic type using random blood glucose levels for 0.5-1 hr BG after meals were > or = 130 mg/dl, 1.5-2 hr BG > or = 120 mg/dl, and 3.5 hr or more BG and FBG > or = 100 mg/dl.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Prognosis of patients with congestive heart failure: its determinants in various heart diseases in Japan.

We investigated the prognosis of patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and the factors which influence the prognosis of Japanese patients with this condition. From among the patients admitted to our hospital from January 1, 1978 to December 31, 1985, the 298 patients who were diagnosed having CHF were investigated. Patients with CHF had a rather poor prognosis, with the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year cumulative survival rates being 76%, 60%, and 49%, respectively. The factors influencing the prognosis of patients with CHF were the type of underlying heart disease, the left ventricular ejection fraction, the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, and the central venous pressure. Survival rates differed significantly depending on the type of underlying heart disease. The cumulative 5-year survival rate was 35% for coronary artery disease, 40% for dilated cardiomyopathy, 53% for rheumatic valvular heart disease, and 80% for hypertensive heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Relation of the difference between blood pressure before and after 5 minutes' rest to blood pressure status one year later in an epidemiological setting].

The relationship of the difference between blood pressures before and after 5 minutes' rest (before minus after) to resting blood pressures one year later was studied on 439 subjects, aged 35 to 44 years, not being treated for hypertension, in an epidemiological setting. Multiple regression analysis was applied to systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) separately. Both the resting SBP level and the SBP difference were significant predictors of the resting SBP one year later in both sexes. For resting DBP one year later, the resting DBP level and DBP difference were found to be significant in females. Multiple logistic analysis was used to identify the factors which predict development from normotension to above borderline hypertension one year later. The SBP difference as well as the resting DBP level were significant predictors in males. These findings suggest that BP difference between before and after 5 minutes' rest may be an important indicator of subsequent BP status, and therefore there would be value in measuring blood pressure before as well as after rest with particular attention to BP difference.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Left high R wave amplitude and blood pressure levels before and after 5 minutes' rest in a mass screening program].

In order to evaluate the implication of blood pressures measured without 5 minutes' rest in mass screening programs, blood pressures were measured before and after 5 minutes' rest on 820 subjects in a rural community, aged 35 to 65 years and not receiving hypertensive treatment. Although the systolic blood pressure showed a significant drop of an average of 3 mmHg among males and 4 mmHg among females after rest, 23.3% of 820 subjects had higher systolic blood pressure reading after rest than before. The relationship between left high R (LHR) in electrocardiograms and blood pressure (BP) before and after rest was studied. The presence of LHR was significantly related to BP both before and after rest among males, but more strongly associated to BP before rest. The relationship of the difference between BP before and after rest to the prevalence of LHR was analyzed by multiple logistic method. A significantly higher prevalence of LHR with greater difference between systolic BP before and after rest was observed among males, even with age and systolic BP level after rest taken into account. These findings suggest the potential significance of blood pressure readings before 5 minutes' rest which may be a response to mental stress of having the initial blood pressure reading taken by the observer. It would seem worthy to obtain blood pressure before rest as well as after rest in detecting blood pressure abnormalities.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Trends, risk factors, and prevention of ischemic heart disease in Japan].

The mortality from ischemic heart disease has increased steadily in most industrialized countries from the 19th century up to 1970. In some developed countries, such as the U.S.A. and Australia, it started to decrease in the nineteen seventies and accelerated recently. However, it has increased in some East European countries, such as Rumania, Poland and Hungary. The mortality had been extraordinarily low and the age standardized rate declined since the nineteen seventies in our country as in the U.S.A. These finding strongly suggests the possibility of prevention of ischemic heart disease worldwide. Among the risk factors, hypertension has gradually decreased due to treatment and lower intake salt in Japan. However, the compliance of antihypertensive treatment could be improved and the average intake of salt further decreased. The frequency of hypercholesterolemia was quite low for many years, but increased recently in Japan. However, the national average level of serum cholesterol is probably close to 200 mg/dl, and the new cholesterol level data will be revealed by the national survey in 1990. The world-famous high figure of smoking among Japanese men has been declining for these 20 years down to 61.2% in 1988, along with an exceptionally low rate for women in industrialized countries. The average figure of body weight by stature was in line with the desirable body weight for Japanese and the average intake of lipids has leveled off recently according to the National Nutrition Survey. After all it can be concluded that incidence of ischemic heart disease could be reduced further, even in Japan.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1989

Clinical and prognostic significance of silent myocardial ischemia in survivors after acute myocardial infarction.

To clarify the clinical and prognostic significance of silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) after acute myocardial infarction (MI), the clinical characteristics and long-term prognosis after discharge in 525 medically treated survivors after acute MI were investigated. According to the presence of post-infarction angina and results of all exercise tests during hospitalization, 309 patients without ischemic episodes were classified into control group, 59 patients with SMI into SMI group and 157 patients with post-infarction angina into AP group. Previous MI (29%, 24%, 11%, respectively), non-Q wave MI (34%, 34%, 15%) and multivessel disease (69%, 61%, 33%) were more frequent in the SMI and AP groups than in the control group. These indicated clinical characteristics in patients with SMI were similar to those in patients with angina pectoris. The incidence of angina prior to MI onset in patients with SMI was lower than in patients with post-infarction angina. This may suggest that there is some common mechanism keeping them silent in the pre- and post-MI period. During the mean follow-up period of 5.5 years, 93 patients died and 78 had a recurrent MI. Cumulative total and cardiac mortality, and incidence of recurrent MI by actuarial method were higher in the SMI as well as AP group than in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in prognosis between SMI and AP group. We conclude total ischemic burden, not only symptomatic but SMI, should be treated using currently available therapeutic modalities for further improvement of long-term prognosis in survivors after acute MI.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1988

Serum lipid levels in elementary and junior high school children and their relationship to relative weight.

Serum lipid levels were measured in 2,626 schoolchildren ages 7 to 15 years in three elementary schools and one junior high school in a suburban area of Osaka during 1984-1985. The mean cholesterol levels increased with age in boys ages 7 to 10 years (from 156 to 177 mg/dl) and then decreased at age 13, after which the levels again increased slightly until age 15. Girls showed a similar tendency with a peak at age 10 and a minimum at age 12. Cholesterol levels were significantly lower in junior high school boys (a mean of 154-161 mg/dl for ages 13-15 years) than in girls of the same age or in boys and girls ages 10 to 12 years in the upper grades of elementary school. Cholesterol and triglyceride levels tended to be lower or the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels higher in elementary schools where boys and girls engaged in physical exercise than in schools where the children were not strongly encouraged to exercise. About 50% of the hypertriglyceridemic children were obese.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Projection of mortality from cerebrovascular disease, 1985 through 2000 A.D., in Japan.

Trends of mortality from cerebrovascular disease from 1985 to 2000 were projected by a semi-logarithmic linear regression analysis based on the deaths and population by sex and age from 1973 to 1982. Crude death rates from cerebrovascular disease and cerebral hemorrhage in particular will continue to decrease but the change in death rate from cerebral infarction will remain relatively small. In the period from 1985 to 2000, the death rate from cerebral hemorrhage will decline sharply, and the death rate from cerebral infarction also is expected to decline steadily in every age group. These declines will lead to the decrease in age-adjusted death rates from these cerebrovascular diseases. The average change in the number of the deaths from 1982 to 2000 is minus 3.7% per year for cerebral hemorrhage and plus 0.8% per year for cerebral infarction. The slight increase in deaths from cerebral infarction will be due primarily to an increase in the over 80 year old population. As a result, the proportion of the deaths from cerebral infarction among all types of cerebrovascular diseases will continue to increase in Japan. These future declining trends hopefully can be further modified by improvement in dietary habits and better treatment of high risk groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Projection of death rates from ischemic heart disease in Japan, 1985-2000.

Death rates from all forms of ischemic heart disease and acute myocardial infarction were projected between 1985 and 2000 A.D., based on vital statistics from 1973 to 1982 and the estimated population by sex and age groups in Japan. It is predicted that the crude death rate from ischemic heart disease will increase (+1.4% per year for males and +1.8% for females), and that the age-adjusted death rate will decrease (-1.1% per year for males and -1.4% for females). The crude death rate from acute myocardial infarction is predicted to increase steadily (+2.4% per year for males and +2.2% for females), though the age-adjusted rate will decline slightly (-0.5% per year for males and -1.0% for females) throughout this period. The crude death rate from acute myocardial infarction is predicted to increase more than the rate from ischemic heart disease. It is estimated that the total number of deaths will increase from 48,000 (males and females combined) in 1982 to 72,000 in 2000 for ischemic heart disease, and from 29,600 in 1982 to 45,500 in 2000 for acute myocardial infarction.

Adult↗