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Biomedical subjects

F Kawakami

Publications and source records attributed to F Kawakami.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

IGF-II producing hepatic fibrosarcoma associated with hypoglycemia.

A 67-year-old male was admitted with the complaint of weakness at hunger early in the morning, when blood glucose was less than 40 mg/dl. The abdominal ultrasonogram and computerized tomogram demonstrated a huge tumor in the right liver lobe. Hypoglycemia disappeared after transcatheter arterial embolization. Then hepatic lobectomy was performed. The tumor was histologically shown to be a fibrosarcoma. Insulin-like growth factor-II was intensely stained in the Golgi area of the tumor cells, suggesting its role in the mechanism of hypoglycemia.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Protein-losing enteropathy and pancreatic involvement in a case of connective tissue disease.

A patient with connective tissue disease presenting with both protein-losing enteropathy and pancreatic involvement is reported. A 52-year-old female was admitted because of mild epigastralgia, anasarca and ascites. Serum albumin, transferrin and zinc, showed low levels. An Upper G.I. series and endoscopy showed thickened folds of the duodenum and the jejunum. Biopsy specimens revealed lymphangiectasia in edematous villi. 99mTc-labeled human serum albumin scintigram showed abnormal radioactivity in the small intestine 90 minutes after intravenous injection, indicating protein-losing enteropathy. Hypoalbuminemia was ameliorated by glucocorticoid therapy, but recurred twice when glucocorticoid treatment was tapered. Hypoalbuminemia has not occurred since intestinal lymphangiectasia was improved with glucocorticoid treatment. Levels of elastase 1 and lipase were high in serum and ascites on admission. Endoscopic retrograde pancreatogram showed no abnormalities. Serum pancreatic enzymes were also ameliorated by glucocorticoid therapy, but slightly high levels continued for about one year and a half. This case might have been diagnosed as systemic lupus erythematosus although mixed connective tissue disease was also suspected. There are few reports of protein-losing enteropathy and pancreatic involvement associated with connective tissue diseases. Protein-losing enteropathy and pancreatic involvement were ameliorated with glucocorticoid treatment, suggesting participation of immunological mechanisms.

Connective Tissue Diseases↗
PubMed1992

[Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, histologically presenting Ki-1 positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma].

A 48-year-old woman was admitted with neck tumors and cutaneous nodules. On the histological basis of the skin nodule biopsy, a metastatic anaplastic carcinoma was suspected. Immunohistochemical studies showed the presence of Ki-1 antigen, IL-2 receptor antigen, leukocyte common antigen (LCA), CD3 and CD4 on the tumor cells compatible with Ki-1 positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma. This case was, however, finally diagnosed as adult T cell lymphoma (ATL) of a helper/inducer phenotype. She was born in Kagoshima. The serum anti-ATL associated antigen (ATLA) was positive. Southern blot analysis on the DNA extracted from the skin tumor cells showed a monoclonal integration of HTLV-1 proviral DNA. The results suggested that Ki-1 positive lymphomas may include a subset of ATL with a large-cell histology.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1991

[Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma with hyperprolactinemia: successful treatment by OK432 and PSK].

A 48-year-old woman was admitted in September 1987, because of lumbago and galactorrhea. Peripheral blood analysis showed neutrophilia and eosinophilia without abnormal lymphocytes. The antibody to adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) virus-associated antigen was detected and a hyperprolactinemia was observed. The blastogenic responses to PHA, ConA and PWM were lowered. Brain CT and MRI scannings showed no abnormalities in the hypophysis and hypothalamus, but abdomen CT revealed markedly enlarged abdominal lymph nodes. Two months after the administration of OK432 and PSK, the lymph node swellings disappeared and the responses to PHA, ConA and PWM were normalized, but hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea persisted. After four months of the remission period, the patient developed lymph node swellings again, and was diagnosed from the biopsy specimen of the retroperitoneal lymph node as having malignant lymphoma of diffuse mixed cell type. Southern blot analysis showed a monoclonal integration of HTLV-I proviral DNA. Despite repeated combination chemotherapies, she died of pneumonia in February 1989. Autopsy revealed marked infiltrations of lymphoma cells in the liver, spleen and lungs, but no abnormality accounting for hyperprolactinemia was detected in the suprasellar regions. This case was of interest in that immunotherapy was effective in achieving a remission and in normalizing immuno-parameters in ATLL.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1990

Prevalence of vascular complications in untreated diabetics with obesity during an 18 year period.

Prevalence of vascular complications in newly diagnosed untreated diabetic patients with obesity was studied over a period of 18 years. A total of 742 patients including 241 subjects with obesity (BMI greater than 25) were analyzed. Obese patients showed higher serum cholesterol and triglyceride and lower HDL-cholesterol levels than non-obese patients. Average prevalence of obesity is shown to be 32.5% with higher prevalence in women (37.8%) than in men (28.3%, P less than 0.01). No definite change is found in yearly prevalence throughout the observation period. Ischemic ECG findings and hypertension were observed more frequently in obese (35.8% and 34.9%, respectively) than in non-obese (25.2%, P less than 0.02; 24.5%, P less than 0.01, respectively) subjects, while diabetic retinopathy was less in obese patients (P less than 0.05). The prevalence of proteinuria was almost the same in obese and non-obese groups. These results coincide with the general concept that obesity may be responsible for the development of macroangiopathy in diabetes mellitus.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Lymphocytic adenohypophysitis. Case report].

The patients was a 27-year-old female, gravida 0, para 0, with complaint of headache and visual disturbance for about 1 month. Ophthalmological examination showed impaired visual acuity and enlargement of Mariotte's spot on the left. A computed tomography scan disclosed an enhanced mass in the sellar and suprasellar region. Endocrinological examination revealed slight elevation of thyroxin, growth hormone, and prolactin. A trans-sphenoidal hypophysectomy was carried out with a preoperative diagnosis of nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma. Histological examination showed a marked infiltration of lymphocytes and interstitial fibrosis, diagnosed as lymphocytic adenohypophysitis. She received hormone-replacement therapy owing to postoperative hypopituitarism. Twenty-eight cases of lymphocytic adenohypophysitis including the author's are classified clinically into two types; fulminant type and chronic type. The former type occurs frequently with disturbance of consciousness because of the end organ insufficiency and proceeds to death in a fulminant course. The latter type occurs frequently with headache and visual disturbances, closely related to pregnancy and the postpartum period and survival occurs with hormone replacement therapy. This disease should be kept in mind in the diagnosis of sellar and suprasellar mass lesions.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1989

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-like immunoreactive neurons located in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus receive a direct retinal projection.

The existence of a direct projection from retinal ganglion cells to vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-like immunoreactive neuronal elements in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) was revealed by combining analysis of degenerating axons following enucleation and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. Degenerating axons appeared to make synaptic contact with VIP-like immunoreactive dendrite and neuronal perikarya in the ventral part of the SCN. The possibility of neuronal input from retinal ganglion cells to axons of VIP-like immunoreactive neurons was also suspected since axo-axonic synapses were detected between degenerating axons and axons with VIP-like immunoreactivity. Thus, VIP-like immunoreactive neurons in the SCN receive several neuronal inputs, including those from the retina, and may play a significant role in circadian entrainment.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[CALLA-positive leukemic multiple myeloma of IgA-kappa type].

A 73-year-old man was admitted into the hospital because of lumbago in October, 1986. Laboratory examination on admission showed anemia, an IgA-kappa Bence Jones proteinemia. The bone marrow picture disclosed a marked involvement by the neoplastic cells, followed by leukemic conversion 2 weeks later. The leukemic cells displayed a lymphoblastoid appearance on light microscopy, but rather compatible with plasma cells on electron microscopy, showing some strands of rough endoplasmic reticulum and a prominent Golgi apparatus in the cytoplasm. The cells expressed a wide spectrum of surface markers, including those of plasma cell (PCA-1, OKT10), B cell (B1, sIg) and CALLA. Reverse hemolytic plaque assay disclosed the immunoglobulin production of monoclonal kappa chain, but a heavy chain production was recognized only in a small proportion of the cells. Under the diagnosis of multiple myeloma, he was treated with vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and prednisolone. But he died of renal failure complicating hypercalcemia after only three months of the admission in accordance with previous reports that CALLA-positive myeloma was associated with poor prognosis. This case may also represent the clinical, morphological and phenotypic diversity in multiple myeloma.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Fine structure of NPY-containing neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus and their terminals in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the rat.

Fine structures of neuropeptide Y (NPY)-like immunoreactive neuronal perikarya in the lateral geniculate nucleus and their terminals in the suprachiasmatic nucleus were investigated by peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemistry using male Wistar rats. NPY-like immunoreactive preterminal axons form both axo-somatic and axo-dendritic synapses on the neurons mainly located in the ventral portion of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Almost all of them appeared as symmetrical synapses. Immunoreactive neuronal perikarya in the lateral geniculate nucleus show good development of cell organelles such as rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. NPY-like immunoreactivity was distributed throughout the perikarya. The functional role of NPY-like immunoreactive terminals in the suprachiasmatic nucleus were briefly discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Age-related changes in growth hormone releasing factor and somatostatin in the rat hypothalamus.

Distribution and staining intensities of growth hormone releasing factor (GR (GRF) and somatostatin (SRIF) were examined in young (3 months of age) and old (24 months of age) male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain, using the PAP immunocytochemical procedure. Some animals of each age group were intraventricularly injected with colchicine to demonstrate immunoreactive neuronal perikarya. GRF-immunoreactive intensities of old rats were markedly reduced in the median eminence as compared with those of young rats. No remarkable difference could be detected between SRIF immunoreactivities in the young and old animals, since intensive SRIF immunoreactivities were found in the external layer of the median eminence of both groups of animals. Between two age groups injected with colchicine, we also found no difference in the distribution and staining intensities of immunoreactive perikarya of GRF and SRIF in the hypothalamus and also detected no significant difference in total neuron numbers of each peptide. These findings suggest that the synthesis and/or release of GRF in GRF-containing neurons are decreased, though GRF-containing neurons themselves remain alive and have the capacity to synthesize GRF.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

Light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry of GRF-like immunoreactive neurons and terminals in the rat hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and median eminence.

Growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) synthesizing neuronal perikarya and terminals were investigated by light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry using rat hypothalamus. Immunoreactive neuronal perikarya were located mainly in the ventrolateral part of the arcuate nucleus. They contained well developed cell organella such as mitochondria and rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum with some expansion. They also contained immunoreactive dense granules (80-120 nm in diameter). On the surface of the immunoreactive neuronal perikarya were frequently found non-immunoreactive axo-somatic synapses. Therefore, the GRF-like immunoreactive neurons were assumed to receive neuronal inputs from other neurons on their neuronal soma. In the external layer of the median eminence large numbers of immunoreactive terminals were distributed particularly around the capillaries of the portal vessel. Electron microscopic immunocytochemistry revealed large numbers of immunoreactive terminals containing immunoreactive dense granules, synaptic vesicles and mitochondria in the vicinity of the basement membrane of the pericapillary space of the portal vessel. Therefore, we concluded that GRF-like immunoreactive substances are released into the portal capillaries from the nerve terminals, which originate from the neuronal perikarya in the ventrolateral part of the arcuate nucleus, and act on growth hormone release in the anterior pituitary. We also suggest that GRF-like immunoreactive neurons have abundant terminal arborization in the external layer of the median eminence.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Sexual differences in the distribution of substance P immunoreactive fibers in the ventral horn of the rat lumbar spinal cord.

The distribution of substance P (SP) in the rat spinal cord was investigated by peroxidase-anti-peroxidase immunocytochemistry combined with retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeling via the cremaster muscle. In the male rats, a dense network of SP immunoreactive (SP-IR) fibers and terminals was detected in the ventral column of the L1 and L2 segments (Vent L1-2) with a different density and extent from the other segmental levels. These fibers and terminals were accumulated within and around the nucleus centromedialis lumbaris (CM) of the L1 and L2 segments. However, in the female rats, SP-IR fibers and terminals were sparse in the Vent L1-2 without particular segmental differences. HRP-positive motoneurons were located in the CM and surrounded by SP-IR fibers and terminals. These results indicate that the Vent L1-2 of the rat spinal cord shows sexual dimorphism with respect to the regional distribution of SP-IR fibers and terminals, and that motoneurons that innervate the cremaster muscle are innervated by dense SP-IR fibers and terminals.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Glucose tolerance, blood lipid, insulin and glucagon concentration after single or continuous administration of aspartame in diabetics.

A nutritive sweetener, aspartame (L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methylester) was administered orally to normal controls and diabetic patients in order to evaluate effects on blood glucose, lipids and pancreatic hormone secretion. An oral glucose tolerance test was also performed in the same subjects as a control study of aspartame administration. In 7 normal controls and 22 untreated diabetics, a single dose of 500 mg aspartame, equivalent to 100 g glucose in sweetness, induced no increase in blood glucose concentration. Rather, a small but significant decrease in blood glucose was noticed 2 or 3 h after administration. The decrease in blood glucose was found to be smallest in the control and became greater as the diabetes increased in severity. No significant change in blood insulin or glucagon concentration during a 3-h period was observed in either the controls or the diabetics. The second study was designed to determine the effects of 2 weeks' continuous administration of 125 mg aspartame, equal in sweetness to the mean daily consumption of sugar (20-30 g) in Japan, to 9 hospitalized diabetics with steady-state glycemic control. The glucose tolerance showed no significant change after 2 weeks' administration. Fasting, 1 h and 2 h postprandial blood glucose, blood cholesterol, triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol were also unaffected. From these and other published results, aspartame would seem to be a useful alternative nutrient sweetener for patients with diabetes mellitus.

Administration, Oral↗