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F Kawamura

Publications and source records attributed to F Kawamura.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Isolation and characterization of the groES and groEL genes of Bacillus subtilis Marburg.

The complete set of groES and groEL gene homologues from Bacillus subtilis Marburg 168 was identified, cloned, and characterized. The nucleotide sequence indicated the presence of two open reading frames corresponding to the groES and groEL genes. The presumptive GroES and GroEL proteins were calculated to be polypeptides of 10,175 and 57,175 Da, respectively, and showed extensive sequence similarities with the known GroES and GroEL proteins of Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A heat-inducible transcript initiated upstream of the groES coding region was identified by primer-extension analysis of in vivo transcripts, indicating that the two genes consist of an operon. At least six heat-shock inducible proteins were identified in the cell extract of heat treated B. subtilis. Two proteins of 10 and 60 kDa overproduced in B. subtilis cells carrying a multi-copy groES and groEL plasmid were demonstrated to correspond to two out of the six heat-shock inducible proteins. The groES and groEL genes of B. subtilis were physically mapped on the 60 degrees region of a 360 degrees map and genetically mapped at the position of 40% linkage with the purB locus using PBS1 transduction of the groEL genes tagged with a chloramphenicol resistance (chlr) marker.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Molecular cloning.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1991

Differential regulation of spo0A transcription in Bacillus subtilis: glucose represses promoter switching at the initiation of sporulation.

We have shown by S1 nuclease mapping with in vivo transcripts that the differential expression of a sporulation-regulatory gene, spo0A, is regulated by switching of two discrete promoters during the initiation of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis; vegetative mRNA was transcribed from an upstream promoter (Pv, vegetative promoter), and sporulation-specific mRNA was transcribed from the other promoter (Ps, sporulation-specific promoter) about 150 bp downstream of the Pv promoter. Transcription from the Pv promoter was at a low level and shut off at T0.5. On the other hand, transcription from the Ps promoter was strongly induced at T0.5 and increased until T2.5. In the presence of 2% glucose, Pv-directed transcription was not shut off and was observed even at T1.5, whereas the induction of Ps-directed transcription was completely repressed. A mutant in which the spo0A gene was transcribed only from the Ps promoter could sporulate normally in the presence of 0.1% glucose but could not sporulate at all in the presence of 2% glucose. In a catabolite-resistant sporulation mutant carrying crsA47 (sigA47), a mutation within the gene encoding sigma A, normal promoter switching from Pv to Ps was observed in the presence of 2% glucose.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1990

Comparative studies on the usefulness of phosphate versus glycerin enema in preparation for colon examinations.

Fifty of 100 persons who had undergone health screening received phosphate enema while the other 50 received glycerin enema prior to proctoscopy and barium enema, and their usefulness for preparation for colon examination was compared by a double-blind test. There was no significant difference in the degree of colonic cleansing achieved by proctoscopy and barium enema. In the subjects who received phosphate enema, the incidence of abdominal pain was less than that in those who received glycerin enema, while the effect of phosphate enema on defecation appeared later than that of glycerin enema, indicating prolonged stool retention in the subjects given phosphate enema. To study the safety of the two enemas, either phosphate enema, glycerin enema or physiological saline solution as a control was administered at 0.35 ml/animal in the rectum by 4-h closure of the anus in 10 male 7-week-old Wistar rats, and the rectal mucosa was observed for irritation macroscopically and histopathologically. Glycerin enema produced less irritation than phosphate enema diffusely in the entire area of the rectum, while phosphate enema produced more local irritation at the end of the rectum than glycerin enema. The differences in the extent of irritation and injury between phosphate and glycerin enemas were considered to be derived from differences in the pharmacologic actions of these drugs. If the extent of injury were included in the extent of irritation, the difference in irritation between phosphate and glycerin enemas would not be significant. As described above, no specific difference seem to exist in the usefulness of phosphate and glycerin enemas as preparation for colon examination.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Nursing for a patient requiring long-term care in an intensive care unit (ICU).

Nursing care in ICUs has frequently been discussed, and importance of psychological care for each patient has been recognised. The care of a severely ill patient who remained in the ICU in Japan for an extended time is described here. During his stay in the ICU, an expanded nursing programme was developed to minimise his mental exhaustion. While considering his pathophysiological condition nursing support was also designed to satisfy his basic desires and human needs, anticipating that this would have therapeutic effects and contribute to improvement of his general condition. Nursing care included particular emphasis on four areas of nursing intervention promoting mobility, and communication between the patient and his family and nurses. Exercise, food intake, sleep, and mental condition were carefully evaluated. The basic human desires of the patient (such as to eat, sleep, walk, etc) should be satisfied, taking into account the pathophysiological condition, even with a severely ill patient. Nursing care should focus on supporting the quality of life for patients, even in the ICU.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Investigation of a patient with difficult endotracheal intubation].

Unusually difficult endotracheal intubation was encountered during anesthetic induction of a 41-year-old male, necessitating use of a bronchofiberscope. The usual pre-operative analysis had shown no problems, such as tracheal tumor or stricture. Due to difficult intubation, post-operative evaluations were made and no abnormalities were found. However, investigation of the lateral roentgenogram showed a much greater than average backward bend in the patient's trachea under the vocal cord. It is likely that the sharp bend of the trachea was responsible for difficult intubation.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Dissection of the expression signals of the spoA gene of Bacillus subtilis: glucose represses sporulation-specific expression.

The expression of the spo0A-lacZ fusion gene was partially repressed in the presence of an excess of glucose. Expression was restored either by the mutation sigA47(crsA47) or by addition of decoyinine, an inhibitor of GMP synthetase, to the medium. By constructing a lacZ fusion with a smaller fragment of the spo)A gene, we observed a beta-galactosidase profile in which expression was completely repressed by an excess of glucose. This expression was restored by the addition of decoyinine. These results indicate that the expression of the spo0A gene is regulated by at least two different mechanisms, one sensitive to glucose, the other not. Furthermore, the glucose-sensitive regulation was shown to reside at the transcriptional level. It is likely that the reduced expression of the spo0A gene in the presence of glucose at an early stage of sporulation causes the repression of sporulation.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1988

New suppressor mutation sur0B of spo0B and spo0F mutations in Bacillus subtilis.

Two extragenic suppressor mutations, sur0B20 and sur0F1, which restore the sporulation of spo0B or spo0F mutants of Bacillus subtilis to the wild-type level, were obtained. These suppressor mutations were located in the spo0A gene. Their location is close to that of the sof-1 mutation, which suppresses spo0B, spo0E and spo0F mutations. However, spo0 strains bearing the sur0B20 mutation differed in several phenotypic characteristics from spo0 mutants bearing the sof-1 suppressor. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the sur0B20 and sur0F1 mutations resulted in Glu14 to Val and Asn12 to Lys conversion, respectively, in the spo0A gene. This result indicates that sur0B20 is a new suppressor of spo0b and spo0F mutations, whereas sur0F1 is identical to sof-1.

Alleles↗
PubMed1986

Revised assignment for the Bacillus subtilis spo0F gene and its homology with spo0A and with two Escherichia coli genes.

The nucleotide sequences of spo0F mutant genes which block the early sporulation process of Bacillus subtilis were determined. The mutation sites together with the results of complementation tests suggested that an open reading frame for a polypeptide of Mr = 14,229 is the spo0F gene. The deduced amino acid sequence shows striking homology with that of the spo0A gene. In addition, the upstream region involving the rib some binding site of the spo0F coding region is also similar to those of spo0A and spo0B. These homologies suggest that all three genes have a similar function in regulating the initiation of sporulation, and that their expression is controlled by a common mechanism. Clear homology is also seen between the spo0 gene products and the transcriptional control proteins, OmpR and Dye, of Escherichia coli suggesting that the spo0 gene products also are involved in the control of transcription.

Alleles↗
PubMed1986

The effect of spo0 mutations on the expression of spo0A- and spo0F-lacZ fusions.

We have constructed spo0A-lacZ and spo0F-lacZ fusions with a temperate phage vector and have investigated how spo0 gene products are involved in the expression of each of these genes. The expression of spo0A-lacZ and spo0F-lacZ was stimulated at about the time of cessation of vegetative growth in Spo+ cells. This stimulation of spo0A-lacZ was impaired by mutations in the spo0B, D, E, F or H genes but was not affected by mutations in the spo0J or K genes. Similar results were obtained with the spo0F-lacZ fusion. The effect of the spo0A mutation on spo0A-lacZ expression was characteristic: the spo0A-directed beta-galactosidase activity found during vegetative growth was significantly enhanced in the spo0A mutant. This result suggests that spo0A gene expression is auto-regulated being repressed by its own gene product. Another remarkable observation was the effect of the sof-1 mutation, which is known to be a spo0A allele; it suppressed the sporulation deficiency of spo0B, spo0D and spo0F mutants. The spo0A-lacZ stimulation, which is impaired by any one of these spo0 mutations, was restored by the additional sof-1 mutation.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1986

Use of the Bacillus subtilis subtilisin signal peptide for efficient secretion of TEM beta-lactamase during growth.

We report the development of an efficient Bacillus subtilis secretory system, with the secreted product stably maintained in the medium for 100 h. The system is based on characterization of the subtilisin signal peptidase cleavage site and promoters, catabolite repression of sporulation, presence of a vegetative secreting mechanism, and availability of a protease-deficient strain.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1985

Identification of the transcriptional suppressor sof-1 as an alteration in the spo0A protein.

The mutation sof-1 suppresses the sporulation defect of mutations in either the spo0B, spo0E, or spo0F stage 0 sporulation genes. Through the use of integrative plasmids carrying the portion of the chromosome including the spo0A locus and flanking regions, the sof-1 mutation was localized near the spo0A locus. A plasmid carrying a fragment of DNA with sof genetic activity was constructed. Nucleic acid sequence analysis of this fragment revealed a single base change that resulted in a substitution of lysine for asparagine in the 12th codon of the spo0A gene. The results indicate that certain missense mutations in the spo0A gene bypass the necessity for the spo0B, spo0E, and spo0F gene products in sporulation. Several models for the interaction of these gene products may be imagined.

Bacillus subtilis↗
PubMed1985

Translational coupling in Bacillus subtilis of a heterologous Bacillus subtilis-Escherichia coli gene fusion.

Translational coupling was demonstrated in a gene fusion in which the promoter and the N-terminal region of the Bacillus subtilis subtilisin (aprA) gene were fused to a promoterless Tn9-derived chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT; EC 2.3.1.28) gene. Expression of this gene fusion results in the production of a native-sized CAT product, whereas the Tn9-derived CAT gene is usually not translated from its own ribosome binding site in B. subtilis (D. S. Goldfarb, R. L. Rodriguez, and R. H. Doi, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79:5886-5890, 1982). A 178-base-pair deletion, which removed part of the signal peptide and the propeptide of the aprA gene and created a translational stop codon 230 base pairs upstream of the CAT gene ribosome binding site, reduced expression of the CAT gene. A BamHI 10-mer linker insertion into this deletion site, which restored the reading frame and simultaneously removed the translation stop codon, restored CAT gene expression. The data indicate that expression of the CAT gene was dependent on translation of the truncated aprA gene into the ribosome binding site of the CAT gene.

Acetyltransferases↗
PubMed1979

A method for construction of specialized transducing phage rho 11 of Bacillus subtilis.

DNA from a temperate phage rho 11 and chromosomal DNA of Bacillus subtilis 168 were digested with endonuclease EcoRI and then ligated with T4 polynucleotide ligase. The ligated DNA fragments were used to transform a lysogenic strain, B. subtilis spoA12 lys21 hisA1 leuA8 p11, and Lys+, His+ or Leu+ transformants were selected. The cells of each type were then mixed, grown and treated with mitomycin C; the induced phages were tested for abilities abilities to form plaques and to tranduce the auxotrophic marker. Various types of plaque-forming or defective phages which transduce hisA or lys marker at considerably high frequencies were thus obtained.

Bacillus subtilis↗