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Biomedical subjects

F Kuzuya

Publications and source records attributed to F Kuzuya.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Age-related changes in intraocular pressure in a large Japanese population: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of aging, blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI) on intraocular pressure (IOP) in a large Japanese population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional and longitudinal study. PARTICIPANTS: The participants in this study were 69,643 Japanese men and women 20 to 79 years of age. They were office workers and their family members who had received annual health examinations from 1989 to 1997. The records of the participants who received health examinations were reviewed retrospectively. Each participant was examined according to a standard protocol, including tonometry with a noncontact tonometer, anthropometric measurements, and blood pressure measurements. The data from the subjects' most recent visit were analyzed cross-sectionally. The data from the 68,998 men and women of the total participants who were born between the 1920s and 1960s were used in longitudinal analysis. TESTING: Tonometric and anthropometric measurements. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean values of IOP, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and BMI were determined. The relationship among IOP, age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and BMI was studied using the multiple linear regression model with cross-sectional analysis. In longitudinal analysis, regression coefficients of IOP against age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and BMI were calculated using the mixed effect model. RESULTS: The mean (+/-standard deviation) IOP values for men and women were 11.9+/-2.5 and 11.5+/-2.4 mmHg, respectively. In cross-sectional analysis, IOP decreased significantly with age (P < 0.001). However, longitudinal analysis showed that IOP increased significantly with age in both men and women (P < 0.001). Systolic blood pressure and BMI were positively correlated to IOP in both the cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. CONCLUSION: The authors found an inconsistency in the change in IOP against age between cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis. It is suspected that birth cohort differences in ocular characteristics influence IOP in the Japanese population.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[The effects of aging on the relationship between changes in body weight, serum lipid levels, and blood pressure].

The effects of aging on the relationships between changes in body weight, serum lipid levels (total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, beta-lipoprotein), and blood pressure (systolic pressure, diastolic pressure) were studied. The subjects were 17,689 Japanese (aged 19 to 88 years) who had received annual examinations at health centers for two consecutive years. After the date were adjusted for sex, body mass index, and serum lipid levels at baseline, changes in serum lipid levels and blood pressure per kilogram change in body weight were estimated for 3 age groups (under 45, 45 to 64, and 65 or older). Positive relationship between changes in body weight and blood pressure were noted for all 3 age groups. Although total cholesterol, triglyceride, and beta-lipoprotein levels all decreased with weight loss in the under-65 groups, total cholesterol in the 65-and-over group did not change significantly. The increases in total cholesterol, triglyceride, and beta-lipoprotein levels were associated with weight gain in the under-65 groups, but not in the 65-and-over group. HDL-cholesterol levels in all age groups decreased significantly with weight gain. These results suggest that aging affects the relationship between changes in body weight and serum lipid levels but not that between changes in body weight and blood pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Urinary incontinence in elderly inpatients in Japan: a comparison between general and geriatric hospitals.

This is the first multi-hospital epidemiological study to elucidate the prevalence and characteristics of urinary incontinence in elderly inpatients throughout Japan. Of the 2586 subjects to whom questionnaires were issued, 1563 (60.4%) (65 to 102 years old, 598 men, 965 women) were suitable for the study. A total of 817 patients were hospitalized in geriatric hospitals; that is, geriatric facilities under the regulation of the Department of Health and Welfare. All patients were evaluated by medical doctors for the following items: age, sex, duration of hospitalization, activities of daily living, medical diagnosis, presence or absence of urinary incontinence, type of urinary incontinence, and therapy for urinary incontinence. The prevalence of urinary incontinence in patients under 70, 70-79, 80-89, and over 90 years old was 59.3%, 67.7%, 79.8%, and 82.2%, respectively. Overall, 1142 patients (72.0%) suffered from urinary incontinence. Cerebrovascular disease was the major cause of admission to hospital in patients with urinary incontinence (37.0%). The most frequent type of urinary incontinence was functional urinary incontinence in patients who were mentally and/or physically unable to go to the bathroom without aid (21.5%). Specifically, 38.1% of patients in geriatric hospitals were diagnosed as having functional urinary incontinence, in contrast to only 3.9% of patients in non-geriatric units. In patients with dementia, 88.7% were incontinent, whereas in patients without dementia, the prevalence of urinary incontinence was much lower (51.5%, p < 0.001). Another predisposing factor for urinary incontinence was urinary tract infection. The prevalence of urinary incontinence in patients with and without urinary tract infection was 87.8% and 59.5%, respectively (p < 0.001). Almost all patients with poor activities of daily living (who were bedridden) suffered from urinary incontinence (98.5%). On the other hand, urinary incontinence was not so frequent in patients who could walk (26.9%). Pad (42.8%) and indwelling bladder catheter (18.3%) were the major means of management of incontinence, whereas behavioral therapy (4.9%) and surgery (0.5%) were not common. These results suggest that elderly patients with treatable urinary incontinence do not receive adequate therapy in Japan.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1995

Two-point discrimination test of the skin as an index of sensory aging.

Although the two-point discrimination test of the skin is a simple test of the sensory nerve function, there have been few studies on age-related changes in the ability to discriminate between two points in a large noninstitutionalized population. In this study we attempted (1) to determine normal values on the two-point discrimination test by age and gender in a large population with a wide age span; (2) to describe age-related changes on the two-point discrimination test; and (3) to test the independence of this index from other indices measuring physiological aging by sensory functions, such as accommodation and hearing tests. The subjects were 2,036 men and women aged 10-87 years. The minimal distance at which two points could be discriminated was measured longitudinally on a line from the palmar pad to the base of the index finger of the right hand. The two points of a caliper were applied at the same time (stationary two-point discrimination test) using the weight of the caliper alone. An age-related decline in the ability to discriminate two points was apparent, but there were no significant differences in ability between men and women. The minimal distance of discrimination on the hand increased almost linearly between 10 and 60 years of age. The results of the two-point discrimination test of the skin were independent of those of visual accommodation tests and hearing loss of high-frequency sound. From these results, the two-point discrimination test of the skin can be used as a powerful and simple index of sensory aging.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The utility of Nitroderm TTS in angina pectoris: long-term treatment after switching from long-acting oral isosorbide dinitrate.

Long-acting oral isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) was replaced by Nitroderm TTS, and the utility of this drug in long-term treatment was assessed in 69 patients with angina pectoris. The frequency of attacks (p < 0.001) and the consumption of sublingual nitrate tablets (p < 0.01) were found to be significantly lower at 2 weeks to 6 months than in the observation period in patients who experienced attacks or received sublingual tablets during the observation period. On the other hand, no significant time-lapse changes from the observation period were noted in patients who experienced no attacks or received no sublingual tablets during the observation period. The symptoms of adverse effects were mild. The improvement rates (improved) of subjective symptoms and electrocardiogram (ECG) in Group A were about 50% after 6 months. On the other hand, the improvement rates (not aggravated) of subjective symptoms and ECG in Group B were more than 90%. Nitroderm TTS is considered a useful plaster preparation which can be used for sufficiently extended periods of time because its efficacy was as high as, or higher than, that of oral ISDN when this drug was administered over a long period of time after a switch from long-acting oral ISDN in angina pectoris patients.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1994

Japanese family with a deficiency of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT).

We present findings in the ninth known Japanese family with lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency. A 54-year-old man (proband) and his 58-year-old brother presented with corneal opacity. Both subjects showed a marked decrease in serum high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and in the cholesteryl ester ratio. Although apo A-I and A-II were low, apo E tended to be high. Serum LCAT activity and mass were not detectable. Urinary examination showed microhematuria or proteinuria. Renal function was normal and no anemia was demonstrated, but blood smears showed poikilocytosis with target cells. The serum LCAT activity of the proband's three sons, obligate heterozygotes of LCAT deficiency, was about one-half the normal level, and HDL-cholesterol and apo A-I levels were low normal.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Effect of nisoldipine on red cell deformability and platelet aggregation in stroke patients.

Reduced red cell deformability and increased platelet aggregability are assumed to contribute to various ischemic diseases, and it has been postulated that these abnormalities may be improved by drug treatment. In this study, the effect of nisoldipine (Bay K 5552, CAS 63675-72-9) on red cell deformability and platelet aggregation in patients with chronic ischemic cerebrovascular disease and hypertension was examined. Administration of nisoldipine for 4 weeks caused a significant improvement of red cell deformability and platelet aggregability without causing any adverse effects.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1993

Probucol as an antioxidant and antiatherogenic drug.

Recently, interest has increased in the hypothesis that low-density lipoprotein (LDL) modified by oxidation may lead to the initiation and to the development of atherosclerosis. In vitro studies of cellular interactions with LDL have revealed that various cells, including endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, can oxidize LDL. The biochemical changes in LDL may further enhance its atherogenic potential. In addition to these in vitro studies, there is in vivo evidence for oxidized LDL in atherosclerotic lesions and for circulating antibodies against oxidized LDL. Probucol, 4,4'-(isopropylidenedithio)bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), is a widely used cholesterol-lowering drug. Recently, there has been accumulating evidence for other mechanisms of probucol's antiatherogenic effects apart from cholesterol-lowering action. Attention has especially focused on probucol's antioxidant action in the mechanism of antiatherogenesis. In the present article, we will summarize the antiatherogenic and antioxidant actions of probucol.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Dexamethasone-induced suppression of aortic atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Possible mechanisms.

We investigated the mechanisms by which corticosteroids affect atherosclerosis. Male New Zealand White rabbits were injected with 0.125 mg dexamethasone (n = 10) or vehicle (control group, n = 10). Both groups were fed a 1% cholesterol diet for 8 weeks. Although the dexamethasone-treated animals exhibited a greater degree of hyperlipidemia, they exhibited significantly less atherosclerotic plaque of the aortic surface than control animals (7.8% versus 47.2%). Immunofluorescence study of the aortic plaque specimens showed that dexamethasone administration reduced both macrophages and T lymphocytes. In vitro, dexamethasone suppressed the proliferation and differentiation of U937 cells and inhibited uptake and degradation of beta-very low density lipoproteins by mouse peritoneal macrophages. These findings suggest that dexamethasone suppresses the development of atherosclerosis in the aorta of rabbits by inhibiting recruitment and proliferation of macrophages and the formation of foam cells in plaques.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[A case of indomethacin-inhibited recurrent periodical attacks of Mollaret's meningitis].

A 65-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital on May 28, 1990, because of recurrent high fever, over 39 degrees C, headache and general fatigue. In June 1988, she suffered the first episode of high fever, headache and general fatigue. Since then, those symptoms attacked her recurrently at intervals of 7 to 10 days. She was admitted to a hospital for two months in 1988. However, the etiology was unclear and treatment, including antibiotics, was not effective. After admission to our hospital, the symptoms of high fever, headache and general fatigue developed suddenly, lasted for 2 to 4 days, then disappeared spontaneously. These symptoms recurred periodically at intervals of 7 to 10 days. Findings of lumbar puncture during the period with severe symptoms revealed a leukocytic pleocytosis (polymorphonuclear neutrophil count: 1,324/3 mm3, mononuclear cell count: 48/3 mm3, without Mollaret cells) increased protein (0.81 g/l) and decreased glucose (0.28 g/l). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination during the period without symptoms showed a dramatic decrease of pleocytosis (polymorphonuclear neutrophil count: 5/3 mm3, mononuclear cell count: 17/3 mm3, without Mollaret cells) with improved protein (0/64 g/l) and glucose (0.40 g/l). Various examinations revealed no evidence of infection, malignancy, collagen disease, endocrine disease or any disorders in the nervous system. Moreover, bacterial cultures of blood and CSF were negative and a brain CT scan showed no abnormal findings. We diagnosed this case as Mollaret's meningitis and gave 25 mg indomethacin after every meal (75 mg/day). Her symptoms were improved abruptly and the duration of symptoms shortened and symptom-free intervals became longer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

[Aging, basal metabolic rate, and nutrition].

Age is one of the most important factor of changes in energy metabolism. The basal metabolic rate decreases almost linearly with age. Skeletal musculature is a fundamental organ that consumes the largest part of energy in the normal human body. The total volume of skeletal muscle can be estimated by 24-hours creatinine excretion. The volume of skeletal musculature decreases and the percentage of fat tissue increases with age. It is shown that the decrease in muscle mass relative to total body may be wholly responsible for the age-related decreases in basal metabolic rate. Energy consumption by physical activity also decreases with atrophic changes of skeletal muscle. Thus, energy requirement in the elderly decreases. With decrease of energy intake, intake of essential nutrients also decreases. If energy intake, on the other hand, exceeds individual energy needs, fat accumulates in the body. Body fat tends to accumulate in the abdomen in the elderly. Fat tissue in the abdominal cavity is connected directly with the liver through portal vein. Accumulation of abdominal fat causes disturbance in glucose and lipid metabolism. It is shown that glucose tolerance decreases with age. Although age contributes independently to the deterioration in glucose tolerance, the decrease in glucose tolerance may be partly prevented through changes of life-style variables, energy metabolism is essential for the physiological functions. It may also be possible to delay the aging process of various physiological functions by change of dietary habits, stopping smoking, and physical activity.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1993

Vitamin B6 and arteriosclerosis.

In 1949, Rinehart and Greenberg reported that marked arteriosclerosis occurs in vitamin-B6-deficient monkeys. The present study investigates the relationship between vitamin B6 and arteriosclerosis and summarizes the results. I found that thrombogenesis, disorder of collagen metabolism and production of free radicals may be the processes that cause arteriosclerosis in human and experimental animals with vitamin B6 deficiency.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Role of lipoprotein-copper complex in copper catalyzed-peroxidation of low-density lipoprotein.

The oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The present study examined the role of the formation of LDL-copper (Cu) complex in the peroxidation of LDL. The amount of copper bound to LDL increased during incubation performed with increasing concentrations of CuSO4. More than 80% of the copper bound to the LDL particle was observed in the protein phase of LDL, suggesting that most of the copper ions formed complexes with the ligand-binding sites of apoprotein. The addition of histidine (1 mM), known to form a high affinity complex with copper, and EDTA (1 mM), a metal chelator, during the incubation of LDL with CuSO4 prevented the formation of both thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and LDL-Cu complexes. EDTA inhibited the copper-catalyzed ascorbate oxidation whereas histidine had no effect, suggesting that the copper within the complex with histidine is available to catalyze the reaction, in contrast to EDTA. These observations indicate that the preventive effect of histidine on the copper-catalyzed peroxidation of LDL is not simply mediated by chelating free copper ions in aqueous phase. Evidence that copper bound to LDL particle still has a redox potential was provided by the observed increase in TBARS content during incubation of LDL-Cu complexes in the absence of free copper ions. The addition of either histidine or EDTA to LDL-Cu complexes inhibited the formation of TBARS by removing copper ions from the LDL forming the corresponding complexes. However, there still remained small amounts of copper in the LDL particles following the treatment of LDL-Cu complexes with histidine or EDTA. The copper ions remaining in the LDL particle lacked the ability to catalyze LDL peroxidation, suggesting that there may be two types of copper binding sites in LDL: tight-binding sites, from which the copper ions are not removed by chelation, and weak-binding sites, from which copper ions are easily removed by chelators. The formation of TBARS in the LDL preparation during incubation with CuSO4 was comparable to the incubation with FeSO4. In contrast, the formation of TBARS in the LDL-lipid micelles by CuSO4 was nearly eliminated even in the presence of ascorbate to promote metal-catalyzed lipid peroxidation, although a marked increase in TBARS content was observed in the LDL-lipid micelles with FeSO4, and with FeCl3 in the presence of ascorbate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Ascorbic Acid↗
PubMed1992

Substrate-bound fibrinogen, fibrin and other cell attachment-promoting proteins as a scaffold for cultured vascular smooth muscle cells.

We have previously reported that fibrinogen/fibrin can induce the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro. In this study, we examined the effect of substrate-bound fibrinogen/fibrin and other cell attachment-promoting proteins on the adhesion of vascular smooth muscle cells. The amount of fibrinogen/fibrin adsorbed to plastic wells and the adhesion of smooth muscle cells to the wells were found to depend on the concentration of fibrinogen used for coating the wells. The effect of fibrinogen/fibrin was comparable to that of so-called cell attachment-promoting proteins (fibronectin, vitronectin, and type I collagen). Adhesion of smooth muscle cells to fibrinogen/fibrin-coated wells was inhibited by the synthetic peptide GRGDS, but not by a control peptide, GRGES. Vitronectin, fibronectin, type I collagen, denatured type I collagen and commercial gelatin also induced smooth muscle cell adhesion. The adhesion induced by vitronectin, denatured type I collagen, and commercial gelatin was inhibited by GRGDS. However, the adhesion induced by type I collagen was not influenced and that induced by fibronectin was only slightly inhibited. These observations suggest that fibrinogen/fibrin deposited extracellularly in the arterial intima may act as a scaffold in the process of smooth muscle cell migration.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Nocturnal blood pressure monitored by ambulatory blood pressure measurement in elderly hypertensive patients.

This study was designed to characterize the nocturnal fall of blood pressure (NFBP) of elderly hypertensive patients (EH), with or without cerebrovascular disease or diabetes mellitus, as measured by automated blood pressure (BP) monitoring. Systolic and diastolic BP and heart rate was measured every 15 minutes in 133 hospitalized patients with nearly similar schedules and diets. The patients were divided into five groups: I, normotensive elderly patients over age 65: II, EH without cardiovascular diseases, controlled without medication: III, EH with cerebral infarction, chronic stage: IV, EH with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: and V, hypertensives under age 65, without cardiovascular diseases. A significant NFBP was observed in the patients of groups I and V, a significant but smaller NFBP in the hypertensives of groups II and IV, and no NFBP in the patients of group III. Administration of the antihypertensive drugs, enalapril and nifedipine, tended to augment the NFBP. These preliminary observations showed that NFBP did occur in elderly hypertensives but the fall was smaller than that observed in younger hypertensives or elderly normotensives. Although the ambulatory BP measurements were useful in the overall clinical evaluation of elderly patients, NFBP in elderly patients was affected by hypertensive drugs and therefore NFBP should be interpreted with caution.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Studies with guanosine-5'-monophosphate (GMP): new method for measurement and effects on blood pressure.

A practical new method for measuring serum guanosine-5'-monophosphate (GMP) was developed and three experiments were performed using this method. In the first, we observed the reduction of blood pressure (BP) and the elevation of serum GMP level persisting for 3 hours in male Japanese White Rabbits administered GMP, 50 mg/kg given as a single oral dose. In the second, 6-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) received GMP, 200 mg/kg/day, orally for 8 weeks. The systolic BP in the GMP-treated rats, which averaged 170.2 mmHg, was lower than that of the control group, which averaged 188.0 mmHg. Arteriosclerotic findings were milder in the GMP-treated SHR as compared to the control. In the third experiment, the serum GMP level was measured in humans. We observed a significant negative correlation between the serum GMP concentration and systolic or diastolic BP. In conclusion, GMP reduced the BP in experimental animals, suggesting that it may be useful as an antihypertensive agent.

Administration, Oral↗