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Biomedical subjects

F L Cohen

Publications and source records attributed to F L Cohen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

The influence of the AIDS epidemic on the master's-prepared oncology nurse.

More than 139,000 cases of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have been reported to the Centers for Disease Control. Many of these individuals will develop malignancies, such as Kaposi's sarcoma and malignant lymphoma. Because of the neoplastic complications of AIDS and the terminal nature of this disease, some centers employ oncology clinical nurse specialists to coordinate the care of patients. This study was designed to determine the extent to which master's-prepared oncology nurses care for patients with AIDS in the United States, the type of care these nurses provide, their sources of AIDS-related information, and the risks they perceive in caring for patients with AIDS. This information will guide educators to develop graduate curricula and continuing education programs that include useful information on the care of patients with AIDS. These results will also direct administrators to consider extra stressors imposed on the master's-prepared oncology nurse who also cares for those with AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

The pharmacologic treatment of HIV infection and AIDS in adults.

Despite the still bleak picture of HIV infection and AIDS, there has been progress in pharmacologic therapeutic approaches. These comprise both direct and indirect approaches. Direct approaches include treatment aimed at the HIV whereas indirect approaches include boosting the immune system and treating or preventing opportunistic infections and neoplasms. Many new drugs are undergoing trials for evaluation of efficacy.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Immunologic impairment, infection, and AIDS in the aging patient.

Consideration of immunologic consequences of aging coupled with the potential for infectious disease and the relatively new recognition of HIV infection will continue to present challenges to nurses in acute care settings. Knowledge of these issues can provide the basis for effective approaches to the problems.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Narcolepsy: a review of a common, life-long sleep disorder.

Narcolepsy is a severe debilitating chronic life-long sleep disorder that can be ameliorated but not cured. In the United States, its prevalence is at least 1 in 1000 making it more common than multiple sclerosis or Parkinson's disease. Its symptoms lead to severe lifestyle consequences, with profound impact on the affected persons, their interpersonal relationships, job, school experiences, and family life. Despite this, little has appeared in the nursing literature about the disorder. The most characteristic symptoms include uncontrollable excess daytime sleepiness, cataplexy (bilateral voluntary muscle weakness), sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations and disturbed night-time sleep. Characteristics of normal sleep are reviewed and compared with disturbances seen in narcolepsy. The aetiology, assessment, diagnosis, pharmacologic therapy, non-pharmacologic therapy and psychosocial issues are discussed along with needed research directions.

Achievement↗
PubMed1988

Compound narcolepsy: sleep pattern and involution.

A review of studies of sleep in three-month-old infants, narcoleptics, and normal adults indicates that the sleep pattern in compound narcolepsy is in many ways involuted. Similarities in sleep onsets, REM-specific movement, REM dissociation, ambiguous sleep, nocturnal arousals, diurnal sleep-wake cycles, and relatively limited quiet-awake time are discussed as part of a global inability to inhibit state changes common to both infants and compound narcoleptics. The analogy with infant sleep patterns and results of studies of brain function in narcoleptics suggest that forebrain inhibitory processes are more important in narcoleptic symptomology than is brainstem dysfunction. Puberty and old age are critical periods for the development or exacerbation of the involuted sleep pattern. Closer study of the early development of narcoleptics and of lability of state changes in narcolepsy may aid in diagnosis and prognosis for susceptible individuals.

Brain Stem↗
PubMed1988

Compound narcolepsy: development of biochemical imbalance.

In a review of existing literature, compound narcolepsy is shown to involve not only problems of sleep regulation, but also autonomic, hormonal, emotional, and possibly motor and cognitive dysfunctions, strongly implicating the hypothalamus, limbic system, and possibly the striatum and cortex in the disorder. Neurochemical studies and the pattern of narcoleptic symptoms support the idea of a dynamic imbalance between dopamine and acetylcholine in the etiology of the disorder. What is known about the natural history of compound narcolepsy suggests a developmental course beginning with fluctuations in dopamine release, followed by supersensitivity of dopamine autoreceptors, and later followed by a pattern of intrinsic oscillations and reciprocal "overshoots" in release of dopamine and acetylcholine to account for the typical sequence of appearance of narcoleptic symptoms.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1986

Paternal contributions to birth defects.

The question of the extent of paternal contributions to birth defects and adverse reproductive outcomes gained new urgency with the concerns of Vietnam veterans exposed to Agent Orange. There is well-established evidence for the occurrence of certain autosomal dominant sporadic mutations in the offspring of older fathers. Paternal nondisjunction at meiosis or mitosis accounts for a significant proportion of chromosomal errors such as trisomy 21. Certain chromosomal abnormalities in males also contribute to adverse reproductive outcomes in relation to repetitive spontaneous abortion and infertility. The question of whether or not teratogens can act through the male is complex. While certain suggestive evidence is reviewed here, conclusive data are yet to be found. Yet, we must remember that it was not long ago that the placenta was assumed to be an impenetrable barrier between mother and fetus. This field is ripe for further well-designed and careful investigation.

2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗
PubMed1985

Sex chromosome variations in school-age children.

Current evidence suggests that some school-age children are born with a sex chromosome variation. Large chromosome surveys of newborns indicate that 0.5% to 0.6% have chromosome errors, with sex chromosome variations accounting for 35% of them. The four most frequently occurring sex chromosome variations are Turner Syndrome (45,X), Klinefelter Syndrome (47,XXY), Polysomy X or Triple X (47,XXX), and Polysomy Y or XYY (47,XYY). Though many individuals with sex chromosome variations can live functionally normal lives, others may experience developmental, physical, psychological, behavioral, and learning impairments. New information has dispelled myths and biases previously associated with these disorders. By becoming knowledgeable about sex chromosome variations and their effects upon children, school health personnel can assist affected children, their families, and teachers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Klinefelter syndrome.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1985

Fibrous mass complicating epidural morphine infusion.

The benefits of continuous epidural morphine infusion using an implanted pump delivery system to control intractable cancer pain have recently been described. Most articles on this subject relate to dosage, technique, degree of pain relief, and tolerance. There are some anticipated complications of the treatment related to the surgical implantation of the system and drug toxicity. We present a complication presumably related to the epidural catheter. A fibrous reaction that developed around the catheter tip progressed into a mass. This caused a significant displacement of the spinal cord with the development of long tract symptoms. Identification of this abnormality using myelography and computed tomography led to prompt surgical decompression resulting in improvement of the patient's condition.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Conus medullaris syndrome following multiple intrathecal corticosteroid injections.

Few serious complications have been associated with the intrathecal administration of corticosteroids in the treatment of lumbar radiculopathy. This case of conus medullaris syndrome, which occurred coincident with multiple intrathecal steroid injections, suggests a more cautious approach to the treatment of benign disease by this method.

Adult↗