Clinical application of percutaneous cardiopulmonary bypass for high risk coronary angioplasty.
Percutaneous cardiopulmonary bypass support was electively instituted prior to coronary angioplasty in 16 patients at high risk for hemodynamic collapse. In all cases the dilated artery supplied greater than 2/3 of the functioning myocardium. Eight patients had moderate LV dysfunction with ejection fraction 25-40%. Eight patients had an ejection fraction less than 20%. A 21 French cannula and a 17 French cannula were percutaneously inserted into the femoral vein and artery. Cardiopulmonary bypass support was instituted using a Bio-Medicus centrifugal pump just prior to coronary angioplasty at flow rates of 3.5-5 liters/minute. Thirteen patients had single vessel angioplasty and three patients had multivessel angioplasty. Complete loss of systolic function was observed in 9 (56%) patients. This finding when present confirms the absolute requirement for cardiopulmonary support. Technical success was achieved in all 16 patients (100%), clinical success was achieved in 14 patients (88%). Patient followup (mean 10 months) revealed 3 patients with class I-II angina and 10 patients were asymptomatic. There was one late death. In conclusion, percutaneous cardiopulmonary bypass support for carefully selected high risk patients may allow coronary angioplasty to be performed safely and effectively despite complete loss of systolic function during balloon inflation.