[The expression of the protein product of the c-src proto-oncogene in human tumors].
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to F L Kiselev.
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Immunoblotting and immunochemistry were used to study the expression of a c-src gene-encoded protein in human lung tumors. The authors were the first to identify this otherwise rarely expressed protooncogene in as many as 60% of lung malignancies of various histogenesis. The expression of c-src protein was increased not only in neuroendocrine tumors (small-cell cancer and atypical carcinoid) but also in non-small-cell tumors such as adenocarcinoma, bronchoalveolar and squamous-cell lung cancer. A weak correlation between protein expression and degree of cell differentiation was established for squamous-cell tumors. The study failed to identify the oncoprotein in the normal tissue and benign lesions. Immunoblotting using Mab 327 monoclonal antibodies and the immunohistochemical method employing TBR polyclonal serum yielded similar data. To summarize, an increased expression of pp60c-src was observed in lung cancer of various histology.
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In hybridization of 3H-DNA-product of Rous sarcoma virus with the RNA isolated from mammalian cells transformed by the virus concerned, it was found, that the virus-specific RNA, isolated from cryptovirogenic cells RVP-3, differs in nucleotide sequences from virogenic cells XC, XPO and TWERC.
The properties of the new immortalized rat cell line (REF-1) were analyzed. These cells can be used as recipient ones in transfection assays. REF-1 cells never convert spontaneously to transformed phenotype during long-term passages in vitro unlike NIH3T3 cells. This peculiarity allowed to use REF-1 cells for identification of oncogenes, which induce slow-growing tumors. The following oncogenes were used in gene transfection experiments in order to test their effects: activated human EJ-ras; N-ras; v-myc; v-mos; activated tpr-met and c-hu-met. REF-1 cells, transfected with the members of ras family; v-mos and tpr-met were found to be transformed in vitro and induce tumors in nude mice, on the contrary of c-hu-met- and v-myc-transfected cells, which are non-tumorogenic. A number of clonal cell lines carrying different oncogenes were obtained. The detailed analyses of integration and expression of exogenous sequences of different oncogenes has been presented in 18 clonal cell lines.
In the present study we attempted to follow the fate of the parental poliomyelitis virus of immunological type II labeled with 3H-uridine in vaccinated animals. For this purpose, 3H-uridine labeled purified and concentrated virus was inoculated intramuscularly into cotton rats (sensitive to poliomyelitis virus) and guinea pigs (insensitive to poliomyelitis virus). The controls consisted of two groups of the same animal species: the animals of the first group were inoculated intramuscularly with pure 3H-uridine of known high activity while the animals of the second group were inoculated also intramuscularly with pure 3H-uridine and in another leg 0.5 ml of standard poliovirus vaccine of type II. Since poliomyelitis virus replicates in the cytoplasm, we studied cytoplasmic extracts of various organs (the brain, spinal cord, lungs, and spleen) of cotton rats and guinea pigs at different intervals after virus inoculation (1, 4, and 15 days). The experimental results showed the attenuated type II poliomyelitis virus to be able to persist for long periods in animals in the form of subviral particles with a higher buoyant density in cesium chloride gradient.
The data are presented concerning infectious potentials of subvirus particles isolated from cytoplasmic extracts of various organs of cotton rats and guinea pigs inoculated intramuscularly with purified and concentrated poliomyelitis virus type II. As described earlier, from various organs of the animals (the brain, spinal cord, lungs, and spleen) subvirus particles were isolated which in cesium chloride gradient had a density higher by 0.05-0.1 g/ml than that of the intact virus. Determinations of the infectious titre of these subparticles in susceptible cells showed their infectivity to be lower by 4-5 lg than that of the infact virus. When DEAE-dextran was used, a titre of both subvirus particles isolated from cytoplasmic extracts of various organs of the immunized animals and of the original poliomyelitis virus increased by 3-4 lg. The subvirus particles were sensitive to pancreatic RN-ase and to the antiserum against poliovirus type II. All the foregoing permits a conclusion that attenuated type II poliovirus or a portion of its population after inoculation into the living body is capable of long-term persistence there in the form of subviral particles with high buoyant density values.
The presence of virus-specific RNA in commercial chick embryos and its lack in chick embryos of leukemia-free chicken farm of the USSR AMS Oncological Research Center as well as in cell cultures from RIF-free chicken infected with Marek's disease virus was demonstrated by hybridizationof 3H-DNA-product of Rous sarcoma virus synthesized in vitro in the presence of actinomycin D with the total preparation of cellular RNA.
The properties of murine oncornavirus produced by cells of spontaneous lymphosarcroma of CC57Br mice are described. In addition to the properties common for C-type RNA tumor viruses such as 60-70 S high molecular weight RNA, the presence of RNA-directed DNA polymerase and murine gs I (intraspecies) antigen and typical morphology in electron microscope, etc., the virus under study is characterized by instability of virions, unusual features of the DNA polymerase system and by the absence of demonstrable oncogenicity either in laboratory animals or in tissue cultures.
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A fraction of RNA (RNA-x) which is eluted by distilled water from cellulose columns upon alcohol fractionation has been isolated from spleens of BALB/c mice, both normal and infected with Rauscher virus. RNA-x has sedimentation constant 15--16S and upon fractionation on cellulose columns in media of high ionic strength is eluted by water. This RNA is retained on nitrocellulose filters both before and after treatment with RNA-ase. The poly-A fragment resistant to RNA-ase is heterogenous in sucrose gradient, with the main peak in the zone of 3S. RNA-x localizes in polysomes and has not been found in mitochondria. In a cell-free protein-synthesizing system RNA-x stimulated incorporation of amino acids into the acid-insoluble fraction.