Variations in pharmacotherapy for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in managed care.
The purpose of this study was to identify the patterns of pharmacotherapy in the treatment of children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a large, non-profit, group-model managed care organization from January 1997 through July 1998. We sought to determine whether children with uncomplicated ADHD use different drug therapies when compared to children with ADHD and psychiatric comorbidity. We also examined the relationships between the use of specialty mental health services and the use of various psychotropic medications for treatment of ADHD. We found that children with ADHD and psychiatric comorbidity were less likely to use psychostimulants (odds ratio [OR] = 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.55-0.93, p = 0.01) but more likely to use antidepressants (OR = 2.74, 95% CI = 1.95-3.86, p < 0.01), alpha adrenergic agonists (OR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.93-3.57, p < 0.01), and other psychotropic medications (OR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.27-4.50, p < 0.01) than children with uncomplicated ADHD (who were more likely to use stimulants only). Additionally, children with psychiatric comorbidity were more likely to use multiple psychotropic drugs (p < 0.01). The results of this study indicate that children with potentially more complex mental health needs are being treated with more varied drug therapy and/or specialty mental health care services.