PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

F Labrousse

Publications and source records attributed to F Labrousse.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Liver transplantation for end-stage liver disease associated with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency in children: pretransplant natural history, timing and results of transplantation.

Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency is an inborn metabolism error which can cause emphysema and liver disease. As regards the pathophysiology of liver disease, this deficiency is poorly understood, and it is also not known why only a small proportion of Pi ZZ individuals progress towards cirrhosis and liver failure. Since there is no specific therapy for end-stage liver disease associated with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, patients are considered candidates for liver transplantation. In this paper, the natural history of 16 children who underwent liver transplantation is reviewed. Fourteen patients had neonatal cholestasis as a first symptom of the disease and hepatosplenomegaly was present in all children by the age of 12 months. In 11 children, jaundice recurred, always with liver function deterioration. Two patients had a histological paucity of interlobular bile ducts and required early transplantation due to rapid progression of liver failure. At the time of pretransplant assessment, all the patients in this study had portal hypertension and seven of them had experienced at least one episode of gastrointestinal bleeding. One child had moderate intrapulmonary shunts with hypoxemia, but the others had normal spirometry and blood gases. There was no other extrahepatic complication of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. Eighteen orthotopic liver transplantations were performed in 16 patients. One patient died 8 days after retransplantation due to graft necrosis. Fifteen patients (94%) were alive after a median follow-up of 22 months with an excellent quality of life, normal serum alpha-1-antitrypsin levels and without evidence of liver disease recurrence or pulmonary complications.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Child↗
PubMed1994

Simvastatin-induced lichenoid drug eruption.

Cutaneous drug eruptions have a variety of clinical features. Lichenoid drug eruptions are rare and may be difficult to diagnose. A case of a simvastatin-induced lichenoid eruption with skin and mucosal involvement is reported.

Anticholesteremic Agents↗
PubMed1992

Elevation of IgE in HIV-infected subjects: a marker of poor prognosis.

The IgE synthesis is tightly controlled by a complex network of T and B cells. Because human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease associates T cell activation and depletion, polyclonal B cell activation, atopic symptoms, drug hypersensitivity, and autoimmune activity, we have evaluated IgE, as well as IgA, IgG, and IgM, in 315 HIV-seropositive individuals with or without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and compared the results to those of 100 HIV-seronegative subjects. IgE levels were higher in HIV-infected subjects as a whole, compared to levels in seronegative control subjects (p less than 0.05). This difference was particularly marked between patients with AIDS and control subjects (p less than 0.005). A strong relationship appeared between IgE and the immune status as assessed by CD4 cell counts (p less than 0.001 between IgE values in patients with CD4 less than 300 or greater than 300/microliters). In addition, we assessed the predictive value of IgE elevation over disease progression: in subjects with a CD4 count less than 300/microliters, the survival analysis disclosed a 24-month occurrence rate of AIDS of 83% in individuals with IgE greater than 150 KIU/L versus 44% in individuals with IgE less than 150 (p = 0.016). In subjects with an AIDS-related complex, IgE greater than 150 indicated a 100% rate of AIDS versus 9% in individuals with IgE less than 150 (p = 0.003). Thus, IgE levels appear to be a very discriminative marker between patients in late stages of HIV infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Neuropathology of the brain in 174 patients who died of AIDS in a Paris hospital 1982-1988].

Between 1982 and 1988, 174 brains were systematically collected from consecutive, autopsied AIDS patients in a Parisian general hospital without neurology and psychiatry departments. The data obtained under these conditions provide reliable information on the frequency of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in a non-selected population of AIDS patients, most of whom were homosexuals (75.9%). One or several lesions were observed in 148 cases (85%). HIV encephalitis and/or leucoencephalopathy with multinucleated giant cells was found in 33 cases (18.9%). Opportunistic infections were identified in 91 patients (52.3%): toxoplasmosis (65 cases; 37.3%), cytomegalovirus encephalitis (25 cases; 14.3%), cryptococcosis (9 cases; 5.8%), progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis (5 cases; 2.8%), candidosis (1 case) and tuberculosis (1 case). Neoplasias were observed in 23 patients: primary (16 cases; 17.9%) or secondary malignant non Hodgkin's large B-cell lymphoma (3 cas; 1.1%), Kaposi's sarcoma (1 case) and glioma (3 cases; 1.1%). Non-specific lesions (vasculitic, hemorrhagic, metabolic and especially microglial nodules) were common. During the 6 years of study, the rate of CNS involvement was constant. The number of toxoplasmosis cases per year was stable, however, evolutive forms were more prevalent between 1982 and 1986, whereas treated inactive lesions were seen most frequently thereafter. The opportunistic complications were often associated and it should be noted that HIV encephalitis was associated with one of several such infections in 85% of the patients. This high rate of association suggests that these opportunistic infections may play a role in the pathogenesis of HIV encephalitis.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Mucoepidermoid tumors of salivary glands: histoprognostic value of NORs stained with AgNOR technique.

A total of 31 patients surgically treated for salivary mucoepidermoid tumor had a comprehensive follow-up. Two groups were classified as: 16 with favorable outcome (no recurrence or late recurrences at 5 yr postoperatively and still alive; 15 with poor outcome (local recurrences before 5 yr, metastases, lethal evolution in 11 cases). We evaluated nucleolar organizer in every case, using AgNOR count. The AgNOR count seemed better than histologic criteria for establishing the prognosis of mucoepidermoid tumors. It correlated significantly with the clinical course: a high count was principally found in lethal forms, low counts (less than 1.8) were always detected in patients with a good outcome.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Histological grading and bromodeoxyuridine labeling index of astrocytomas. Comparative study in a series of 60 cases.

The histological grade and the bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) labeling index of 60 astrocytomas of "ordinary" cell types (fibrillary, protoplasmic, gemistocytic, and anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas) were compared to determine whether the grading system reflects the proliferative potential of the tumors. The tumor grade was based on the presence or absence of four criteria (nuclear abnormalities, mitosis, necrosis, and vascular endothelial proliferation): Grade 1, no criterion, Grade 2, one criterion, Grade 3, two criteria; and Grade 4, three or four criteria. The BUdR labeling index, or percentage of S-phase cells, was calculated in paraffin-embedded tumor sections after in situ labeling by intraoperative intravenous infusion of BUdR, 200 mg/sq m. Exponential regression analyses showed a positive correlation between the histological grade and labeling index (r = 0.88, p less than 0.001) that was stronger than the correlations between log labeling index and age (r = 0.55, p less than 0.001) and between grade and age (r = 0.55, p less than 0.001). These results indicate that the histological grading system reflects the proliferative potential of "ordinary" astrocytomas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[The effect of CO2 laser radiation on the morphological changes of mucocutaneous wound healing in oral surgery. A histo-enzymologic and ultrastructural study].

The tissular effects of CO2 laser were compared with those of conventional surgery on cutaneo-mucous biopsies performed during stomatologic surgery. Two hours after the incision, a cellular necrosis was seen and vessels were obliterated by a turgescent endothelium, explaining the bloodless character of wounds with laser. After 24 hours, though vasculo-exsudative end inflammatory reaction were weak, an intense functional stimulation of fibroblasts was obvious (turgescent cells with numerous organelles). At the 4th day, this fibroblastic hyperactivity was always persistant with an abundant microfibrillar secretion. Myofibroblasts, usually present during cicatrization after scalpel, were lacking in our material; this constatation should explain the relative slowness of cicatrization after CO2 laser.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1990

Selective IgG subclass deficiencies and antibody responses to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide antigen in adult community-acquired pneumonia.

We measured the serum concentrations of IgG subclasses in healthy subjects (n = 26) and in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) on admission (n = 38), at recovery (n = 21), and 9 months after admission (n = 19). Then, in 8 of the control subjects and 15 of the patients, we measured IgG subclasses and mean serum antibody concentrations of pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides before and 3 wk after immunization with a pneumococcal vaccine. Compared to the control subjects, the serum concentration of the IgG2 subclass was lower at admission in patients with CAP of bacterial or unknown cause (p less than 0.005). Concentrations of IgG subclasses in patients did not differ between admission and recovery, or between admission and 9 months later. After vaccination, in both control subjects and patients, there was an increase in the concentrations of IgG2 subclasses (p = 0.01) and antipneumococcal antibodies (p less than 10(-4)). We show that serum IgG2 concentration in patients with CAP of bacterial or unknown cause is lower than in healthy subjects and remains lower for several months. After immunization with a pneumococcal vaccine, the increase in serum concentrations of IgG subclasses and antipneumococcal antibodies in patients does not differ from those in control subjects.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[The value of a study of the microvascularization and the cellular immunosurveillance of precancerous states and micro-cancers of the oral cavity].

In 35 patients with leukoplakia or erythroplastic lesions of oral mucosa, the immunohistochemical study of Langerhans cells and various types of lymphocytes demonstrated increasing changes in cellular immunoreactivity in benign leukokeratosis, dysplasia and in situ or microinvasive carcinoma. Besides, the study of alkaline phosphatase activity by means of histoenzymological methods proved an intense angiogenesis during the occurrence of cancerization.

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic↗
PubMed1990

[Pathology of degenerative aortic valve insufficiency].

The authors studies 154 cases of degenerative aortic regurgitation which presented macroscopically with atrophic changes of the valve and sometimes with hypertrophy and calcification. Histologically, the essential abnormality was the finding of mucopolysaccharide deposits dissociating the corpus spongiosa from the corpus fibrosa. Depending on the importance of these lesions, three degrees of severity can be defined, the most extensive (84% of our patient population) appearing to be typical of the disease. In addition, mild mitral valve prolapse (5%) and medial necrosis of the aortic wall (80% of patients undergoing aortic biopsy) were observed. These morphological features are on the whole quite different to those of other aortic valve pathologies (rheumatic, endocarditis). However, the border line with other pathologies with a similar anatomopathological substratum is less clearly defined: genetic abnormalities (Marfan's syndrome, Lobstein's disease, etc...) or age-related degenerative disease. The pathogenesis is not clearly understood but could be related to regional disturbances in collagen metabolism with collagenolysis predominating.

Aortic Valve↗
PubMed1990

[Medullomyoblastoma: immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study].

Medullomyoblastoma is a rare tumor of childhood, arising in the cerebellar vermis. In the case reported, the immunohistochemical study (desmin, myosin, myoglobin and actin) and the ultrastructural findings, confirm the presence of rhabdomyoblastic cells associated with a typical medulloblastic component. Differential diagnosis and histogenesis of this tumor are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Tissue effects of the CO2 laser in stomatologic surgery].

This preliminary study included 30 skin and oral mucosa biopsies sampled various time intervals after CO2 laser incision. Samples taken after scalpel incision served as controls. During the first stages of healing, earlier fibroblast stimulation following laser incision was demonstrated by histoenzymologic and electron microscopy findings. Further more, immunohistochemical studies showed more significant, although slightly delayed, production of collagen III and fibronectin. Our findings are consistent with the very good quality of most scars obtained after laser surgery.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1989

[Implants of fired ceramics in the dog. Preliminary study. Morphology of bone coaptation after 3 and 7 months].

An experimental study of biocompatibility for ceramic material was undertaken in dogs. We used 8 implants and 1 filling-up material in the alveolar bone. A regular radiographic control of the good coaptation and tolerance of these implants was done after various intervals. The sacrifice was performed at 3 and 7 months after the implantation. The good coaptation between alveolar bone and implant was demonstrated by means of different morphological methods. Thus, microradiographs of anatomical specimens, routine histological study following decalcification, analysis of some specimens without decalcification showed the tight coaptation between implant and alveolar bone, without any foreign-body granuloma or allergic reaction. Besides, by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, we could identify the various types of cells (macrophages, fibroblasts and osteoblasts) noted at the interface of the implant matrix at various intervals after the operation. By histoenzymological methods, we also tested the functional activity of these cells, peculiarly their possible osteogenic ability (alkaline phosphatase and ATPase highly positives in some of these cells).

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1989

[Central reparative giant cell granuloma of the jaw. Morphological study].

8 cases of central giant cell reparative granuloma of the jaws were morphologically studied. If the histological feature of this disease is theoretically characteristic (giant cells, fusiform cells, numerous vessels and more or less active osteogenesis) in fact other giant cells lesions, especially true giant cell tumors, often set a problem to the pathologist. In addition, the etiopathogenesis of that granuloma is discussed by means of the results of immunohistochemical, histoenzymological and ultrastructural findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Cystic lymphoid hyperplasia of the parotid in relation to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV+). Apropos of 2 cases].

Cystic lymphoid hyperplasia of the parotid, a rare disease, was recently described in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We reported here 2 new cases of this illness. The 2 HIV+ patients showed an enlargement of parotid gland. A superficial parotidectomy was performed. The histological and immunohistochemical studies were completed in one case by a histoenzymological and ultrastructural study. We could see numerous cystic cavities lined with a cylindrical or metaplastic malpighian epithelium and surrounded by a lymphoid tissue, similar to a true lymph node with germinal centers. In these lymphoid structures, we could find some epithelial remnants and numerous epimyoepithelial islands. Besides, anomalies similar to those described in persistent generalized lymphadenopathies were obvious: hyperplastic germinal centers with multiplication of B lymphocytes and thin mantle zone, perifollicular hypervascularization, numerous macrophages, plasmocytes and T lymphocytes with increase of T8 cytotoxic subset in interfollicular and paracortical areas. An early opportunist infection is suggested in the histogenesis of this disease.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

[Tropical African neuromyelopathies: 61 studied cases in the Ivory Coast].

Sixty one cases of tropical myeloneuropathies (TNM) from Abidjan, Ivory Coast, are reported. The mean age of patients was 35 years. The socioeconomic level was often very low and puerperality was a common initiating factor. Several clinical forms are noted: pure pyramidal (16 cases), pure ataxic (11 cases), sensory motor polyneuritis (8 cases), combined sclerosis of the spinal cord (1 case), ataxic polyneuritis (25 cases). In fact the extent of the pathobiological process was more severe as shown by slowings of peripheral motor nerve conduction velocities, prolonged central conduction time determined after cortical and spinal stimulations, and a severe sensory axonal impairment on nerve biopsies. These changes were observed with varying degrees in all clinical forms. As long as the etiological factors of TMN are not known (preventing from the possibility to split this disease in several entities) it is preferable to speak about one global disorder and not isolated various clinical forms (e.g. particulary: tropical spastic paraplegia). HTLV-I retrovirus seems to play a limited role in the etiology of TMN in Ivory Coast (1 positive case).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Immunopathology of the labial salivary glands in Sjögren's syndrome and other autoimmune diseases].

73 minor salivary gland biopsies (lip biopsy) were performed in patients with primary and secundary Sjögren's syndrome and other collagen diseases without sicca syndrome were studied by means of immunohistochemistry. The results were compared to those obtained in sarcoidosis, sialadenitis and normal glands. In all cases of Sjögren's syndrome and of other sialadenites, we could note predominance of T-lymphocytes with an increase of T-Helpers and a T-suppressor ratio superior to 1. Besides, HLA-DR antigen was present in all the activated cells of lymphocytic infiltrates, in endothelial cells and in some epithelial ductal and acinous cells around the infiltrates. This method cannot permit to differentiate Sjögren's syndrome from the other sialadenites. But, it is very useful to appreciate the evolutivity of the disease (increase in B-lymphocytes in the initial period and in evolutive phases) and to detect its change into pseudolymphoma (polyclonal cells with increase in B-cells) and into malignant lymphoma (usually monoclonal B-lymphocytes proliferation).

Autoimmune Diseases↗