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F Leynadier

Publications and source records attributed to F Leynadier.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Acquired hemophilia due to factor VIII inhibitors in 34 patients.

BACKGROUND: Acquired hemophilia is a rare disease caused by the development of auto-antibodies against factor VIII. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We studied the characteristics and outcomes of 34 patients (19 women and 15 men) with acquired hemophilia from 1980 to 1997. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 61 years (range, 22-93 years). An underlying disease was observed in 18 (53%) patients: 5 patients had cancer, 4 an autoimmune disorder, 2 a dermatologic disorder, 3 asthma, 3 were postpartum, and 1 had an adverse reaction to ampicillin. Factor VIII level was <5% in 30 (90%) patients; factor VIII antibodies were elevated (>10 Bethesda units) in 23 (69%) patients. Bleeding requiring transfusions was reported in 25 (75%) patients. Human factor VIII was given to 14 patients and porcine factor VIII to 5. Six patients received prothrombin complex concentrates and one desmopressin. Several immunosuppressive treatments were used, mainly corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, and intravenous immunoglobulin. Bleeding stopped in all but one patient within 2 weeks. Most patients achieved complete remission, although two relapses were observed subsequently. CONCLUSION: This large study helps to clarify the presentation and clinical course of acquired hemophilia. Prospective studies are needed to determine the efficacy of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Latex allergy diagnosis: in vivo and in vitro standardization of a natural rubber latex extract.

For the diagnosis of IgE-mediated (immediate) hypersensitivity to natural rubber latex (NRL), skin prick testing with extracts of latex gloves has been widely used, but such extracts are difficult to standardize. The present study aimed to produce on an industrial scale an NRL extract from freshly collected NRL and to evaluate, calibrate, and standardize the extract by both in vivo and in vitro testing. The source material, latex of the rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis (clone RRIM 600), was frozen immediately after collection in Malaysia and shipped in dry ice to Stallergènes SA, France. Protein and allergen profiles were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), immunoblotting, isoelectric focusing (IEF), crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE), and crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE). Allergen quantification was effected by RAST inhibition. The capacity of the preparation to elicit immediate hypersensitivity reactions in vivo was measured by skin prick testing in 46 latex-allergic patients and 76 nonallergic control subjects. SDS-PAGE and immunoblot profiles of the extract and an NRL standard (E8) provided by the US Food and Drug Administration were almost identical, disclosing several distinct IgE-binding proteins with apparent molecular weights of 14, 20, 27, 30, and 45 kDa, conforming to reported molecular weights of several significant NRL allergens. An arbitrary index of reactivity (IR) of 100 was assigned to the extract at 1:200 dilution (w/v), having a protein content of 22 micrograms/ml. Skin prick testing of latex-allergic patients and controls using the extract at 100 IR revealed 93% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% negative predictive value, and 96% positive predictive value. In conclusion, a skin prick test reagent for diagnosis of type I NRL allergy was successfully standardized. The reagent was demonstrated to contain most, if not all, of the currently known clinically significant NRL allergens, and it showed high sensitivity and specificity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Drug allergy].

Drug allergies represent about 10% of all adverse drug reactions. According to the Gell and Coombs classification, they are based on immunological mechanisms, with sensitization during the first contact, and later a clinical and (or) biological reaction after the second contact. Metabolism of drugs, often genetically determined, results in reactive metabolites which conjugate with endogenous proteins to become immunogenic. Anaphylaxis induced by myorelaxant drugs and beta-lactams, and delayed type drug eruptions are discussed as examples. All acute drug reactions are not, however, anaphylactic. Many exanthematous reactions occurring during antibiotic treatment are in fact caused by a virus.

Anesthetics↗
PubMed1996

Efficacy and safety of mizolastine in seasonal allergic rhinitis. The Rhinase Study Group.

BACKGROUND: Mizolastine is a new, nonsedating antihistamine under clinical investigation for treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the optimally active dose of once-daily mizolastine in seasonal allergic rhinitis. METHODS: This multicenter, double-blind, parallel study involved 494 patients randomly allocated to mizolastine (5, 10, or 15 mg) or placebo for 2 weeks. RESULTS: Physicians' assessments indicated the superiority of 10 and 15 mg mizolastine to placebo in reducing total symptom scores (P=.002), nasal scores (P=.004), and ocular scores (P=.007) at day 7. Patients' diaries showed a significant change from baseline in daily symptom scores as early as day 2 (P=.01) in 10- and 15-mg mizolastine groups in comparison to placebo, but this was not maintained throughout the study. No additional benefits were demonstrated during the second week of treatment in terms of efficacy. Adverse events were slightly more frequent in the 15-mg mizolastine group. CONCLUSION: This study conforms mizolastine is an effective and well tolerated antihistamine in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis; 10 mg is the optimal dose.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

The allergenic properties of fresh and preserved Hevea brasiliensis latex protein preparations.

The allergenic properties of the proteins of two lyophilized fractions of fresh natural rubber latex obtained by ultracentrifugation, the C serum and the sedimented bottom or lutoid fraction, have been compared with those of the serum proteins of two samples of high ammonia latex (HAL) [A]HALS obtained from HAL stored for more than 1 year, and [M]HALS derived from HAL stored for 6 weeks before ultracentrifugation and lyophilization. The most potent source of allergenic polypeptides both for skin prick testing of latex-sensitive patients and for immunoblots of their blood serum was the lutoid fraction of fresh latex. Skin prick tests and immunoblots of patients' sera showed that the allergenicity of the ammoniated latex decreased during storage. Skin prick tests using fractions of [A]HALS, C serum and lutoid proteins obtained after passage through a Sephacryl S300 column showed that the components of all three preparations which eluted in the largest volumes were almost equally effective in provoking the largest number of responses. Immunoblots of the sera of 43 latex-sensitive individuals showed that the majority (66%) of sera of the adult allergic patients reacted with a polypeptide of 19 kD. No characteristic pattern of binding latex polypeptides could be recognized in the sera from patients who were also asthmatic or from those who had an anaphylactic response to latex proteins.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[What is allergy?].

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False Positive Reactions↗